PRIA, Government Policy, Made Personal

Summary

Extends U.S. mining rules for claims and mineral rights to Alaska. Lands below the ordinary high-tide line on tidal waters, and below the ordinary high-water mark on navigable non‑tidal waters, may be explored and mined for gold and other precious metals by U.S. citizens or people who have legally said they will become citizens. The Chilkat River and its tributaries within 2.3 miles of U.S. Survey No. 991 may be mined for all metals. Mining must follow laws protecting navigable waters, fish and game, and reasonable rules the Secretary of the Interior or local miners set, so long as local rules do not conflict with U.S. mining laws. No exclusive permits to dig under these waters may be given, and any that were are void. Miners on the beach may dump tailings into or pump from the sea opposite their claims unless doing so blocks navigation or harms fish or game. The 60‑foot roadway reservation does not apply to mineral lands or town sites. No one gains ownership of land below the high-tide or high-water line by these rules, and if the land becomes part of a future State, that State can end these rights and apply its own laws.

Title 30, §49a

Mineral Lands and Mining, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

The laws of the United States relating to mining claims, mineral locations, and rights incident thereto are extended to the Territory of Alaska: Provided, That, subject only to the laws enacted by Congress for the protection and preservation of the navigable waters of the United States, and to the laws for the protection of fish and game, and subject also to such general rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe for the preservation of order and the prevention of injury to the fish and game, all land below the line of ordinary high tide on tidal waters and all land below the line of ordinary high-water mark on nontidal water navigable in fact, within the jurisdiction of the United States, shall be subject to exploration and mining for gold and other precious metals, and in the Chilkat River, and its tributaries, within two and three-tenths miles of United States survey numbered 991 for all metals, by citizens of the United States, or persons who have legally declared their intentions to become such, under such reasonable rules and regulations as the miners in organized mining districts may have heretofore made or may hereafter make governing the temporary possession thereof for exploration and mining purposes until otherwise provided by law: Provided further, That the rules and regulations established by the miners shall not be in conflict with the mining laws of the United States; and no exclusive permit shall be granted by the Secretary of the Interior authorizing any person or persons, corporation, or company to excavate or mine under any of said waters, and if such exclusive permit has been granted it is revoked and declared null and void. The rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior under this section shall not, however, deprive miners on the beach of the right given to dump tailings into or pump from the sea opposite their claims, except where such dumping would actually obstruct navigation or impair the fish and game, and the reservation of a roadway sixty feet wide under section 687a–2 of title 43, shall not apply to mineral lands or town sites. No person shall acquire by virtue of this section any title to any land below the line of ordinary high tide or the line of ordinary high-water mark, as the case may be, of the waters described in this section. Any rights or privileges acquired hereunder with respect to mining operations in land, title to which is transferred to a future State upon its admission to the Union and which is situated within its boundaries, shall be terminable by such State, and the said mining operations shall be subject to the laws of such State.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 687a–2 of title 43, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 94–579, title VII, §§ 703(a), 704(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2789, 2792. Codification Section was formerly classified to section 381 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Amendments

1958—Pub. L. 85–662 substituted “fish and game” for “fisheries” in three places, and inserted provisions permitting mining for all metals in Chilkat River, and its tributaries, within two and three-tenths miles of United States survey numbered 991. 1947—Act Aug. 8, 1947, permitted exploration for and mining of gold and other precious metals in beds of navigable streams. 1938—Act May 31, 1938, extended waters subject to exploration and mining for gold to include all water on shores, bays, and inlets of Alaska, and substituted Secretary of the Interior for Secretary of War, among other changes.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Non-Impairment of Valid Claims and RightsAct Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 514, § 2, 61 Stat. 916, provided: “Nothing in this Act [amending this section] shall be deemed to affect or impair any valid claims, rights or privileges, including possessory claims under the first proviso of section 8 of the Act of May 17, 1884 (23 Stat. 26) [25 U.S.C. 280a], arising under any other provision of law.”

Executive Documents

Admission of Alaska as StateAdmission of Alaska into the Union was accomplished Jan. 3, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3269, Jan. 3, 1959, 24 F.R. 81, 73 Stat. c16, as required by section 1 and 8(c) of Pub. L. 85–508, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 339, set out as notes preceding section 21 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

§49a Mining Laws of United States Extended to Alaska; Exploration and Mining for Precious Metals; Regulations; Conflict of Laws; Permits; Dumping Tailings; Pumping From Sea; Reservation of Roadway; Title to Land Below Line of High Tide or High-water Mark; Transfer of Title to Future State