PRIA, Government Policy, Made Personal

Summary

If a person uses the mail to get around or tries to get around a Postal Service order, ignores an order, or knowingly helps someone else do those things (except a publisher described by section 3007(b)), that person must pay civil fines to the United States. The fines are up to $50,000 for each mailing under 50,000 pieces; $100,000 for each mailing of 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; and an extra $10,000 for each additional 10,000 pieces above 100,000, up to $2,000,000. The Postal Service can sue in a U.S. district court where the person lives or gets mail, and the court will set the penalty after looking at how serious the violation was, the person’s ability to pay, any past violations, the effect on lawful business, culpability, and other justice-related factors. The Postal Service may instead, or as part of an order, assess smaller penalties itself: up to $25,000 for mailings under 50,000 pieces; $50,000 for 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; plus $5,000 for each additional 10,000 pieces above 100,000, not to exceed $1,000,000. A violation of section 3001(l) can bring up to $10,000 per mailing to an individual. All penalties go into the U.S. Treasury. A defendant may ask a court to review the Postal Service order under chapter 7 of title 5 as a defense or counterclaim, and this does not stop other judicial review allowed by that chapter.

Title 39, §3012

Postal Service, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Any person—

(1)who, through the use of the mail, evades or attempts to evade the effect of an order issued under section 3005(a)(1) or 3005(a)(2) of this title;

(2)who fails to comply with an order issued under section 3005(a)(3) of this title; or

(3)who (other than a publisher described by section 3007(b) of this title) has actual knowledge of any such order, is in privity with any person described by paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, and engages in conduct to assist any such person to evade, attempt to evade, or fail to comply with any such order, as the case may be, through the use of the mail;

shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $50,000 for each mailing of less than 50,000 pieces; $100,000 for each mailing of 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; with an additional $10,000 for each additional 10,000 pieces above 100,000, not to exceed $2,000,000. A separate penalty may be assessed under this subsection with respect to the conduct described in each such paragraph.

(b)(1)Whenever, on the basis of any information available to it, the Postal Service finds that any person has engaged, or is engaging, in conduct described by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a), (c), or (d), the Postal Service may, under the provisions of section 409(d) of this title, commence a civil action to enforce the civil penalties established by such subsection. Any such action shall be brought in the district court of the United States for the district in which the defendant resides or receives mail.

(2)If the district court determines that a person has engaged, or is engaging, in conduct described by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a), (c), or (d), the court shall determine the civil penalty, if any under this section, taking into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation or violations of such subsection, and, with respect to the violator, the ability to pay the penalty, the effect of the penalty on the ability of the violator to conduct lawful business, any history of prior violations of such subsection, the degree of culpability, and such other matters as justice may require.

(c)(1)In any proceeding in which the Postal Service may issue an order under section 3005(a), the Postal Service may in lieu of that order or as part of that order assess civil penalties in an amount not to exceed $25,000 for each mailing of less than 50,000 pieces; $50,000 for each mailing of 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; with an additional $5,000 for each additional 10,000 pieces above 100,000, not to exceed $1,000,000.

(2)In any proceeding in which the Postal Service assesses penalties under this subsection the Postal Service shall determine the civil penalty taking into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation or violations of section 3005(a), and with respect to the violator, the ability to pay the penalty, the effect of the penalty on the ability of the violator to conduct lawful business, any history of prior violations of such section, the degree of culpability and other such matters as justice may require.

(d)Any person who violates section 3001(l) shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each mailing to an individual.

(e)All penalties collected under authority of this section shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States.

(f)In any proceeding at any time under this section, the defendant shall be entitled as a defense or counterclaim to seek judicial review, if not already had, pursuant to chapter 7 of title 5, of the order issued under section 3005 of this title. However, nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude independent judicial review otherwise available pursuant to chapter 7 of title 5 of an order issued under section 3005 of this title.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–168, § 106(1), in concluding provisions, substituted “$50,000 for each mailing of less than 50,000 pieces; $100,000 for each mailing of 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; with an additional $10,000 for each additional 10,000 pieces above 100,000, not to exceed $2,000,000” for “$10,000 for each day that such person engages in conduct described by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection”. Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 106–168, § 106(2), inserted “, (c), or (d)” after “of subsection (a)”. Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 106–168, § 106(3), (4), added subsecs. (c) and (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (e) and (f), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1999 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 106–168 effective 120 days after Dec. 12, 1999, see section 111 of Pub. L. 106–168, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–186, § 3(b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1317, provided that: “Section 3012 of title 39, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section) shall apply with respect to conduct which occurs on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1983].”

§3012 Civil Penalties

Summary

Title 39, §3012

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Effective Date

Citations & Metadata