§3012 — Title 39 Postal Service | U.S. Code

Summary

People who use the mail to dodge or try to dodge an official postal order, who ignore an official postal order, or who know about such an order and help someone else dodge or ignore it, can be fined. The Postal Service can sue in federal court where the person lives or gets mail to force those fines. Fines can be set by the court up to the following amounts: up to $25,000 for each mailing under 50,000 pieces; $50,000 for each mailing of 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; plus $5,000 for every extra 10,000 pieces over 100,000, but never more than $1,000,000 total. A separate rule lets the Postal Service fine up to $10,000 for each mailing that breaks a specific mailing rule. When the court picks a penalty, it must consider the nature and seriousness of the violation, ability to pay, effect on legal business, past violations, blameworthiness, and other justice factors. All money from fines goes to the U.S. Treasury. A defendant can ask a court to review the underlying postal order under chapter 7 of title 5 as a defense or counterclaim.

Title 39, §3012

Postal Service — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Any person—

(1)who, through the use of the mail, evades or attempts to evade the effect of an order issued under section 3005(a)(1) or 3005(a)(2) of this title;

(2)who fails to comply with an order issued under section 3005(a)(3) of this title; or

(3)who (other than a publisher described by section 3007(b) of this title) has actual knowledge of any such order, is in privity with any person described by paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, and engages in conduct to assist any such person to evade, attempt to evade, or fail to comply with any such order, as the case may be, through the use of the mail;

(b)(1)Whenever, on the basis of any information available to it, the Postal Service finds that any person has engaged, or is engaging, in conduct described by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a), (c), or (d), the Postal Service may, under the provisions of section 409(d) of this title, commence a civil action to enforce the civil penalties established by such subsection. Any such action shall be brought in the district court of the United States for the district in which the defendant resides or receives mail.

(2)If the district court determines that a person has engaged, or is engaging, in conduct described by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a), (c), or (d), the court shall determine the civil penalty, if any under this section, taking into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation or violations of such subsection, and, with respect to the violator, the ability to pay the penalty, the effect of the penalty on the ability of the violator to conduct lawful business, any history of prior violations of such subsection, the degree of culpability, and such other matters as justice may require.

(c)(1)In any proceeding in which the Postal Service may issue an order under section 3005(a), the Postal Service may in lieu of that order or as part of that order assess civil penalties in an amount not to exceed $25,000 for each mailing of less than 50,000 pieces; $50,000 for each mailing of 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; with an additional $5,000 for each additional 10,000 pieces above 100,000, not to exceed $1,000,000.

(2)In any proceeding in which the Postal Service assesses penalties under this subsection the Postal Service shall determine the civil penalty taking into account the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation or violations of section 3005(a), and with respect to the violator, the ability to pay the penalty, the effect of the penalty on the ability of the violator to conduct lawful business, any history of prior violations of such section, the degree of culpability and other such matters as justice may require.

(d)Any person who violates section 3001(l) shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each mailing to an individual.

(e)All penalties collected under authority of this section shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States.

(f)In any proceeding at any time under this section, the defendant shall be entitled as a defense or counterclaim to seek judicial review, if not already had, pursuant to chapter 7 of title 5, of the order issued under section 3005 of this title. However, nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude independent judicial review otherwise available pursuant to chapter 7 of title 5 of an order issued under section 3005 of this title.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–168, § 106(1), in concluding provisions, substituted “$50,000 for each mailing of less than 50,000 pieces; $100,000 for each mailing of 50,000 to 100,000 pieces; with an additional $10,000 for each additional 10,000 pieces above 100,000, not to exceed $2,000,000” for “$10,000 for each day that such person engages in conduct described by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection”. Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 106–168, § 106(2), inserted “, (c), or (d)” after “of subsection (a)”. Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 106–168, § 106(3), (4), added subsecs. (c) and (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (e) and (f), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1999 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 106–168 effective 120 days after Dec. 12, 1999, see section 111 of Pub. L. 106–168, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–186, § 3(b), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1317, provided that: “Section 3012 of title 39, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section) shall apply with respect to conduct which occurs on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1983].”

§3012 Civil Penalties

Summary

Title 39, §3012

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Effective Date

Citations & Metadata