Title 42, The Public Health and WelfareRelease 119-110
§1769c Compliance and Accountability
Title 42 › CHAPTER 13 — SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAMS › § 1769c
Summary
Sets up one system run by the Secretary to check that local school food programs follow federal rules and nutrition standards for school lunches and breakfasts. State education agencies must make sure local food service authorities follow the nutrition rules, do audits and reviews (usually on a 3-year cycle), pick schools to review using Secretary rules, post clear public results, send yearly reports to the Secretary, and try not to add extra work for local authorities. If a local agency shows high or risky error rates, the State must do an extra administrative review of only its paperwork and processes (like applications, certification, verification, meal counts, and claims). If that review shows poor performance, the State must make the local agency create and carry out a corrective plan, give technical help (unless the Secretary provides it), and do a followup review. If a local agency fails both an initial and a followup review, the Secretary can make the State hold back money that would go to the local agency equal to any overpayments caused by wrong claims. The overpayment period runs from when the wrong claim was made until it is fixed or until a deadline (for the first followup after July 1, 2005, 60 days after the claim began; for later followups, 90 days). Up to 25 percent of recovered funds may be kept by the State for program integrity work if the State submits and gets approval for a plan. Local agencies identified with high administrative errors must have each new application’s eligibility checked for accuracy before telling the family. That check must be done quickly and cannot delay a decision more than 10 operating days. Someone other than the person who made the first decision must do the check. After the check, the household must be told the result right away. Local and State agencies must report review results as the Secretary requires, and the Secretary will publish annual results by State, number, percentage, and type of error. The Secretary must help States monitor local programs and may do management evaluations. Congress authorized $10,000,000 a year for fiscal years 2011 through 2015 for these compliance activities. The Secretary can set rules to fine schools, school food authorities, or State agencies for severe mismanagement, ignoring rules, or repeated violations. Fines must come from non-Federal sources and are limited to a percent of program payments: up to 1% for the first finding, 5% for the second, and 10% for the third or later finding.
Full Legal Text
Title 42, §1769c
The Public Health and Welfare, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)Unified accountability system
(1)In general
There shall be a unified system prescribed and administered by the Secretary to ensure that local food service authorities participating in the school lunch program established under this chapter and the school breakfast program established by section 4 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773) comply with those Acts, including compliance with—
(A)the nutritional requirements of section 1758(f) of this title for school lunches; and
(B)as applicable, the nutritional requirements for school breakfasts under section 4(e)(1) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773(e)(1)).
(b)Functions of system
(1)In general
Under the system described in subsection (a), each State educational agency shall—
(A)require that local food service authorities comply with the nutritional requirements described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1);
(B)to the maximum extent practicable, ensure compliance through reasonable audits and supervisory assistance reviews;
(C)in conducting audits and reviews for the purpose of determining compliance with this chapter, including the nutritional requirements of section 1758(f) of this title—
(i)conduct audits and reviews during a 3-year cycle or other period prescribed by the Secretary;
(ii)select schools for review in each local educational agency using criteria established by the Secretary;
(iii)report the final results of the reviews to the public in the State in an accessible, easily understood manner in accordance with guidelines promulgated by the Secretary; and
(iv)submit to the Secretary each year a report containing the results of the reviews in accordance with procedures developed by the Secretary; and
(D)when any local food service authority is reviewed under this section, ensure that the final results of the review by the State educational agency are posted and otherwise made available to the public on request in an accessible, easily understood manner in accordance with guidelines promulgated by the Secretary.
(2)Minimization of additional duties
Each State educational agency shall coordinate the compliance and accountability activities described in paragraph (1) in a manner that minimizes the imposition of additional duties on local food service authorities.
(3)Additional review requirement for selected local educational agencies
(A)Definition of selected local educational agencies
In this paragraph, the term “selected local educational agency” means a local educational agency that has a demonstrated high level of, or a high risk for, administrative error, as determined by the Secretary.
(B)Additional administrative review
In addition to any review required by subsection (a) or paragraph (1), each State educational agency shall conduct an administrative review of each selected local educational agency during the review cycle established under subsection (a).
(C)Scope of review
In carrying out a review under subparagraph (B), a State educational agency shall only review the administrative processes of a selected local educational agency, including application, certification, verification, meal counting, and meal claiming procedures.
(D)Results of review
If the State educational agency determines (on the basis of a review conducted under subparagraph (B)) that a selected local educational agency fails to meet performance criteria established by the Secretary, the State educational agency shall—
(i)require the selected local educational agency to develop and carry out an approved plan of corrective action;
(ii)except to the extent technical assistance is provided directly by the Secretary, provide technical assistance to assist the selected local educational agency in carrying out the corrective action plan; and
(iii)conduct a followup review of the selected local educational agency under standards established by the Secretary.
(4)Retaining funds after administrative reviews
(A)In general
Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), if the local educational agency fails to meet administrative performance criteria established by the Secretary in both an initial review and a followup review under paragraph (1) or (3) or subsection (a), the Secretary may require the State educational agency to retain funds that would otherwise be paid to the local educational agency for school meals programs under procedures prescribed by the Secretary.
(B)Amount
The amount of funds retained under subparagraph (A) shall equal the value of any overpayment made to the local educational agency or school food authority as a result of an erroneous claim during the time period described in subparagraph (C).
(C)Time period
The period for determining the value of any overpayment under subparagraph (B) shall be the period—
(i)beginning on the date the erroneous claim was made; and
(ii)ending on the earlier of the date the erroneous claim is corrected or—
(I)in the case of the first followup review conducted by the State educational agency of the local educational agency under this section after July 1, 2005, the date that is 60 days after the beginning of the period under clause (i); or
(II)in the case of any subsequent followup review conducted by the State educational agency of the local educational agency under this section, the date that is 90 days after the beginning of the period under clause (i).
(5)Use of retained funds
(A)In general
Subject to subparagraph (B), funds retained under paragraph (4) shall—
(i)be returned to the Secretary, and may be used—
(I)to provide training and technical assistance related to administrative practices designed to improve program integrity and administrative accuracy in school meals programs to State educational agencies and, to the extent determined by the Secretary, to local educational agencies and school food authorities;
(II)to assist State educational agencies in reviewing the administrative practices of local educational agencies in carrying out school meals programs; and
(III)to carry out section 1769b–1(f) of this title; or
(ii)be credited to the child nutrition programs appropriation account.
(B)State share
A State educational agency may retain not more than 25 percent of an amount recovered under paragraph (4), to carry out school meals program integrity initiatives to assist local educational agencies and school food authorities that have repeatedly failed, as determined by the Secretary, to meet administrative performance criteria.
(C)Requirement
To be eligible to retain funds under subparagraph (B), a State educational agency shall—
(i)submit to the Secretary a plan describing how the State educational agency will use the funds to improve school meals program integrity, including measures to give priority to local educational agencies from which funds were retained under paragraph (4);
(ii)consider using individuals who administer exemplary local food service programs in the provision of training and technical assistance; and
(iii)obtain the approval of the Secretary for the plan.
(6)Eligibility determination review for selected local educational agencies
(A)In general
A local educational agency that has demonstrated a high level of, or a high risk for, administrative error associated with certification, verification, and other administrative processes, as determined by the Secretary, shall ensure that the initial eligibility determination for each application is reviewed for accuracy prior to notifying a household of the eligibility or ineligibility of the household for free or reduced price meals.
(B)Timeliness
The review of initial eligibility determinations—
(i)shall be completed in a timely manner; and
(ii)shall not result in the delay of an eligibility determination for more than 10 operating days after the date on which the application is submitted.
(C)Acceptable types of review
Subject to standards established by the Secretary, the system used to review eligibility determinations for accuracy shall be conducted by an individual or entity that did not make the initial eligibility determination.
(D)Notification of household
Once the review of an eligibility determination has been completed under this paragraph, the household shall be notified immediately of the determination of eligibility or ineligibility for free or reduced price meals.
(E)Reporting
(i)Local educational agencies
In accordance with procedures established by the Secretary, each local educational agency required to review initial eligibility determinations shall submit to the relevant State agency a report describing the results of the reviews, including—
(I)the number and percentage of reviewed applications for which the eligibility determination was changed and the type of change made; and
(II)such other information as the Secretary determines to be necessary.
(ii)State agencies
In accordance with procedures established by the Secretary, each State agency shall submit to the Secretary a report describing the results of the reviews of initial eligibility determinations, including—
(I)the number and percentage of reviewed applications for which the eligibility determination was changed and the type of change made; and
(II)such other information as the Secretary determines to be necessary.
(iii)Transparency
The Secretary shall publish annually the results of the reviews of initial eligibility determinations by State, number, percentage, and type of error.
(c)Role of Secretary
In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall—
(1)assist the State educational agency in the monitoring of programs conducted by local food service authorities; and
(2)through management evaluations, review the compliance of the State educational agency and the local school food service authorities with regulations issued under this chapter.
(d)Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated for purposes of carrying out the compliance and accountability activities referred to in subsection (c) $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2015.
(e)Fines for violating program requirements
(1)School food authorities and schools
(A)In general
The Secretary shall establish criteria by which the Secretary or a State agency may impose a fine against any school food authority or school administering a program authorized under this chapter or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.) if the Secretary or the State agency determines that the school food authority or school has—
(i)failed to correct severe mismanagement of the program;
(ii)disregarded a program requirement of which the school food authority or school had been informed; or
(iii)failed to correct repeated violations of program requirements.
(B)Limits
(i)In general
In calculating the fine for a school food authority or school, the Secretary shall base the amount of the fine on the reimbursement earned by school food authority or school for the program in which the violation occurred.
(ii)Amount
The amount under clause (i) shall not exceed—
(I)1 percent of the amount of meal reimbursements earned for the fiscal year for the first finding of 1 or more program violations under subparagraph (A);
(II)5 percent of the amount of meal reimbursements earned for the fiscal year for the second finding of 1 or more program violations under subparagraph (A); and
(III)10 percent of the amount of meal reimbursements earned for the fiscal year for the third or subsequent finding of 1 or more program violations under subparagraph (A).
(2)State agencies
(A)In general
The Secretary shall establish criteria by which the Secretary may impose a fine against any State agency administering a program authorized under this chapter or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.) if the Secretary determines that the State agency has—
(i)failed to correct severe mismanagement of the program;
(ii)disregarded a program requirement of which the State had been informed; or
(iii)failed to correct repeated violations of program requirements.
(B)Limits
In the case of a State agency, the amount of a fine under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed—
(i)1 percent of funds made available under section 7(a) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1776(a)) for State administrative expenses during a fiscal year for the first finding of 1 or more program violations under subparagraph (A);
(ii)5 percent of funds made available under section 7(a) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1776(a)) for State administrative expenses during a fiscal year for the second finding of 1 or more program violations under subparagraph (A); and
(iii)10 percent of funds made available under section 7(a) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1776(a)) for State administrative expenses during a fiscal year for the third or subsequent finding of 1 or more program violations under subparagraph (A).
(3)Source of funding
Funds to pay a fine imposed under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be derived from non-Federal sources.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Child Nutrition Act of 1966, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (e)(1)(A), (2)(A), is Pub. L. 89–642, Oct. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 885, which is classified generally to chapter 13A (§ 1771 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title
note set out under section 1771 of this title and Tables. Those Acts, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), mean the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, which was in the original “this Act” and was translated to read “this chapter”, and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966. See above.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 1769c, act June 4, 1946, ch. 281, § 22, as added Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–627, § 9, 92 Stat. 3623, directed a study of menu choice, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–500, title III, § 371(b), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–368, and Pub. L. 99–591, title III, § 371(b), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–372; Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title V, § 4501(b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4080.
Amendments
2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–296, § 207(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There shall be a unified system prescribed and administered by the Secretary for ensuring that local food service authorities that participate in the school lunch program under this chapter comply with the provisions of this chapter. Such system shall be established through the publication of
Regulations
and the provision of an opportunity for public comment, consistent with the provisions of section 553 of title 5.” Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–296, § 207(2), added subpars. (A) to (D) and struck out former subpars. (A) and (B) which read as follows: “(A) require that local food service authorities comply with the provisions of this chapter; and “(B) ensure such compliance through reasonable audits and supervisory assistance reviews.” Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 111–296, § 304, added par. (6). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–296, § 408, substituted “$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2015” for “$6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 through 2009”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–296, § 303, added subsec. (e). 2004—Subsec. (b)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 108–265, § 126(b)(1), added pars. (3) to (5). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–265, § 127, substituted “$6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 through 2009” for “$3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1994 through 2003”. 1998—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–336 substituted “2003” for “1996”. 1994—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–448 substituted “fiscal years 1994 through 1996” for “fiscal years 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–296 effective Oct. 1, 2010, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 445 of Pub. L. 111–296, set out as a note under section 1751 of this title.
Effective Date
of 2004 AmendmentAmendment by section 126(b)(1) of Pub. L. 108–265 effective
July 1, 2005, and amendment by section 127 of Pub. L. 108–265 effective
June 30, 2004, see section 502(a), (b)(4) of Pub. L. 108–265, as amended, set out as an
Effective Date
note under section 1754 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1998 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 105–336 effective Oct. 1, 1998, see section 401 of Pub. L. 105–336, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1994 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 103–448 effective Oct. 1, 1994, see section 401 of Pub. L. 103–448, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.
Regulations
Pub. L. 101–147, title I, § 110(b), Nov. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 889, provided that: “Not later than July 1, 1990, the Secretary of Agriculture shall issue final
Regulations
to implement section 22 of the [Richard B. Russell] National School Lunch Act [this section] (as added by subsection (a) of this section).” Interpretation Pub. L. 108–265, title I, § 126(b)(2), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 765, provided that: “Nothing in the amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] affects the requirements for fiscal actions as described in the
Regulations
issued pursuant to section 22(a) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769c(a)).”
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
42 U.S.C. § 1769c
Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare
Last Updated
Sep 23, 2026
Release point: 119-110