Title 5 — Government Organization and EmployeesRelease 119-73not60
§408 Additional Provisions with Respect to the Inspector General of the Department of Defense
Title 5 › Part I— THE AGENCIES GENERALLY › Chapter 4— INSPECTORS GENERAL › § 408
Summary
No active-duty or reserve member of the Armed Forces may be made the Inspector General of the Department of Defense. The Secretary of Defense controls the Inspector General when audits, investigations, or subpoenas need access to very sensitive matters like operational plans, intelligence, counterintelligence, ongoing national-security criminal probes, or anything whose release would seriously harm national security. The Secretary can stop the Inspector General from starting, carrying out, finishing, accessing, or issuing subpoenas about those matters if needed to protect national security. If the Secretary uses that power, the Inspector General must send a statement about it to key Senate and House committees within 30 days. The Secretary must then send the reasons for the action to those committees within 30 days after the Inspector General’s statement. The Inspector General must advise the Secretary about preventing and finding fraud, waste, and abuse; run and oversee audits and investigations; set audit and investigation policies; monitor audit quality and program performance; coordinate with military audit and investigative units; and arrange required external peer reviews. The Inspector General must quickly report suspected violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice to the military department secretary or the Secretary of Defense. For one part of the law, service members count as Department of Defense employees (except Coast Guard members who are employees of another department when the Coast Guard serves under that department). Every semiannual report must be sent to the named congressional committees and must include numbers and types of contract audits and any DoD audit agency that failed or is overdue for an external peer review; certain other reports must also be sent within 7 days. Criminal law limits on military use do not stop audits or investigations done by or for the Inspector General. The Inspector General has a General Counsel chosen by the Inspector General, who is the office’s chief lawyer and serves at the Inspector General’s pleasure. The Inspector General can issue subpoenas for witnesses, but should use other ways to get testimony from federal employees; subpoenas can be enforced by a federal court, and the Attorney General must be told 7 days before a subpoena is issued.
Full Legal Text
Title 5, §408
Government Organization and Employees — Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)A member of the Armed Forces, active or reserve, shall not be appointed Inspector General of the Department of Defense.
(b)(1)Notwithstanding the last two sentences of section 403(a) of this title, the Inspector General shall be under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense with respect to audits or investigations, or the issuance of subpoenas, which require access to information concerning—
(A)sensitive operational plans;
(B)intelligence matters;
(C)counterintelligence matters;
(D)ongoing criminal investigations by other administrative units of the Department of Defense related to national security; or
(E)other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.
(2)With respect to the information described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense may prohibit the Inspector General from initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation, from accessing information described in paragraph (1), or from issuing any subpoena, after the Inspector General has decided to initiate, carry out, or complete such audit or investigation, access such information, or to issue such subpoena, if the Secretary determines that such prohibition is necessary to preserve the national security interests of the United States.
(3)If the Secretary of Defense exercises any power under paragraph (1) or (2), the Inspector General shall submit a statement concerning that exercise of power within 30 days to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress.
(4)The Secretary shall, within 30 days after submission of a statement under paragraph (3), transmit a statement of the reasons for the exercise of power under paragraph (1) or (2) to the congressional committees specified in paragraph (3) and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees.
(c)In addition to the other duties and responsibilities specified in this chapter, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense shall—
(1)be the principal adviser to the Secretary of Defense for matters relating to the prevention and detection of fraud, waste, and abuse in the programs and operations of the Department;
(2)initiate, conduct, and supervise such audits and investigations in the Department of Defense (including the military departments) as the Inspector General considers appropriate;
(3)provide policy direction for audits and investigations relating to fraud, waste, and abuse and program effectiveness;
(4)investigate fraud, waste, and abuse uncovered as a result of other contract and internal audits, as the Inspector General considers appropriate;
(5)develop policy, monitor and evaluate program performance, and provide guidance with respect to all Department activities relating to criminal investigation programs;
(6)monitor and evaluate the adherence of Department auditors to internal audit, contract audit, and internal review principles, policies, and procedures;
(7)develop policy, evaluate program performance, and monitor actions taken by all components of the Department in response to contract audits, internal audits, internal review reports, and audits conducted by the Comptroller General of the United States;
(8)request assistance as needed from other audit, inspection, and investigative units of the Department of Defense (including military departments);
(9)give particular regard to the activities of the internal audit, inspection, and investigative units of the military departments with a view toward avoiding duplication and ensuring effective coordination and cooperation; and
(10)conduct, or approve arrangements for the conduct of, external peer reviews of Department of Defense audit agencies in accordance with, and in such frequency as provided by, Government auditing standards as established by the Comptroller General of the United States.
(d)Notwithstanding section 404(d) of this title, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense shall expeditiously report suspected or alleged violations of chapter 47 of title 10 (Uniform Code of Military Justice), to the Secretary of the military department concerned or the Secretary of Defense.
(e)For the purposes of section 407 of this title, a member of the Armed Forces shall be deemed to be an employee of the Department of Defense, except that, when the Coast Guard operates as a service of another department or agency of the Federal Government, a member of the Coast Guard shall be deemed to be an employee of that department or agency.
(f)(1)Each semiannual report prepared by the Inspector General of the Department of Defense under section 405(b) of this title shall be transmitted by the Secretary of Defense to the Committees on Armed Services and on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of Congress. Each report shall include—
(A)information concerning the numbers and types of contract audits conducted by the Department during the reporting period; and
(B)information concerning any Department of Defense audit agency that, during the reporting period, has either received a failed opinion from an external peer review or is overdue for an external peer review required to be conducted in accordance with subsection (c)(10).
(2)Any report required to be transmitted by the Secretary of Defense to the appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress under section 405(e) of this title shall also be transmitted, within the 7-day period specified in section 405(e) of this title, to the congressional committees specified in paragraph (1).
(g)The provisions of section 1385 of title 18,11 So in original. The comma probably should not appear. shall not apply to audits and investigations conducted by, under the direction of, or at the request of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
(h)(1)There is a General Counsel to the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, who shall be appointed by the Inspector General of the Department of Defense.
(2)(A)Notwithstanding section 140(b) of title 10, the General Counsel is the chief legal officer of the Office of the Inspector General.
(B)The Inspector General is the exclusive legal client of the General Counsel.
(C)The General Counsel shall perform such functions as the Inspector General may prescribe.
(D)The General Counsel shall serve at the discretion of the Inspector General.
(3)There is an Office of the General Counsel to the Inspector General of the Department of Defense. The Inspector General may appoint to the Office to serve as staff of the General Counsel such legal counsel as the Inspector General considers appropriate.
(i)(1)The Inspector General of the Department of Defense is authorized to require by subpoena the attendance and testimony of witnesses as necessary in the performance of functions assigned to the Inspector General by this chapter, except that the Inspector General shall use procedures other than subpoenas to obtain attendance and testimony from Federal employees.
(2)A subpoena issued under this subsection, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of any appropriate United States district court.
(3)The Inspector General shall notify the Attorney General 7 days before issuing any subpoena under this section.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Amendments
Not Shown in TextThis section was derived from section 8 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. section 8 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, § 5272(3), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3239, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§ 3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4224, 4361. For applicability of those
Amendments
to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and
Savings Provision
s note preceding section 101 of this title. section 8 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows: (1) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (3), by striking “the Committees on Armed Services and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress” and inserting “the appropriate congressional committees, including the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives”; and (B) in paragraph (4), by striking “and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees”; and (2) in subsection (f)— (A) in paragraph (1), by striking “the Committees on Armed Services and on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of Congress” and inserting “the appropriate congressional committees, including the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives”; and (B) in paragraph (2), by striking “committees or subcommittees of the Congress” and inserting “congressional committees”. The text directed to be stricken in subsections (b)(3) and (f)(1) did not appear exactly as quoted in the text enacted by Pub. L. 117–286. See
Historical and Revision Notes
below. For definition of “appropriate congressional committees” as seen in the above
Amendments
by Pub. L. 117–263, see
Amendments
Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.
Historical and Revision Notes
Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 4085 U.S.C. App. (IGA § 8)Pub. L. 95–452, § 8, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, § 1117(b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, § 110(b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1502(f)(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1067(17), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, § 907, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4569; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, § 1042, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2455; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XVI, § 1614, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2066; Pub. L. 114–317, § 6(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604. In subsection (b)(3), the words “Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate” are substituted for “[Committee on] Governmental Affairs of the Senate” on authority of Senate Resolution No. 445, 108th Congress, October 9, 2004 (effective January 4, 2005). In subsection (b)(3), the words “Committee on Oversight and Reform” are substituted for “Committee on Government Reform and Oversight” on authority of House Resolution No. 5 (106th Congress, January 6, 1999), House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007), and rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019). In subsection (c)(9), the word “ensuring” is substituted for “insuring” for clarity. In subsection (f)(1) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the words “[Committee on] Oversight and Reform” are substituted for “[Committee on] Oversight and Government Reform” on authority of rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
5 U.S.C. § 408
Title 5 — Government Organization and Employees
Last Updated
Apr 3, 2026
Release point: 119-73not60