Title 10 — Armed ForcesRelease 119-73
§4091 Authorities for certain positions at science and technology reinvention laboratories
Title 10 › Subtitle Subtitle A— - General Military Law › Part PART V— - ACQUISITION › Subpart Subpart E— - Research and Engineering › Chapter CHAPTER 303— - RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II— - PERSONNEL › § 4091
Summary
Directors of Science and Technology Reinvention Laboratories can hire certain people into science, engineering, technical, and math jobs without following most normal federal hiring rules under subchapter I of title 5, except for sections 3303 and 3328. They may hire qualified people with bachelor’s or advanced degrees for STRL science and engineering jobs, qualified veterans for STEM and technician jobs at STRLs or other designated DoD research groups, and students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate STEM programs for temporary or term jobs. If a student hired this way graduates, the director can convert them without a competitive process to another temporary, term, or permanent job in the STRL if the person meets eligibility and Office of Personnel Management qualification rules. There are limits on how many hires can be made each year. Degree hires are limited to 11% of the lab’s filled science and engineering jobs as of the end of the prior fiscal year. Veteran hires are limited to 3% of filled STEM and technician jobs. Student hires are limited to 10% of filled science and engineering jobs. Directors may also create senior scientific technical manager positions above GS‑15 for R&D and technical supervision, limited to up to 2% of scientists and engineers at a lab (at least one at certain test centers). Directors may manage workforce size, jobs, and pay subject to the lab’s available budget, but not for Senior Executive Service or section 3104 positions. Definitions: Defense Test Resource Management Center (DoD TRMC); employee (title 5); Major Range and Test Facility Base (designated test facilities); veteran (title 38).
Full Legal Text
Title 10, §4091
Armed Forces — Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)(1)The director of any Science and Technology Reinvention Laboratory (hereinafter in this section referred to as an “STRL”) may appoint qualified candidates possessing a bachelor’s or advanced degree to positions described in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) as an employee in a laboratory described in that paragraph without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5 (other than section 3303 and 3328 of such title).
(2)The director of any STRL may appoint qualified veteran candidates to positions described in paragraph (2) of subsection (b) as an employee at a laboratory, agency, or organization specified in that paragraph without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5.
(3)The director of any STRL may appoint qualified candidates enrolled in a program of undergraduate or graduate instruction leading to a bachelor’s or an advanced degree in a scientific, technical, engineering or mathematical course of study at an institution of higher education (as that term is defined in section 101 and 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001, 1002)) to positions described in paragraph (3) of subsection (b) as an employee in a laboratory described in that paragraph without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5 (other than section 3303 and 3328 of such title).
(4)With respect to any student appointed by the director of an STRL under paragraph (3) to a temporary or term appointment, upon graduation from the applicable institution of higher education (as defined in such paragraph), the director may noncompetitively convert such student to another temporary appointment or to a term or permanent appointment within the STRL without regard to the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5 (other than section 3303 and 3328 of such title), provided the student meets all eligibility and Office of Personnel Management qualification requirements for the position.
(b)(1)The positions described in this paragraph are scientific and engineering positions that may be temporary, term, or permanent in any laboratory designated by section 4121(b) of this title as a Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratory.
(2)The positions described in this paragraph are scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematics positions, including technicians, in the following:
(A)Any laboratory referred to in paragraph (1).
(B)Any other Department of Defense research and engineering agency or organization designated by the Secretary for purposes of subsection (a)(2).
(3)The positions described in this paragraph are scientific and engineering positions that may be temporary or term in any laboratory designated by section 4121(b) of this title as a Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratory.
(c)The authority under subsection (a) may not, in any fiscal year and with respect to any laboratory, agency, or organization described in subsection (b), be exercised with respect to a number of candidates greater than the following:
(1)In the case of a laboratory described in subsection (b)(1), with respect to appointment authority under subsection (a)(1), the number equal to 11 percent of the total number of scientific and engineering positions in such laboratory that are filled as of the close of the preceding fiscal year.
(2)In the case of a laboratory, agency, or organization described in subsection (b)(2), with respect to appointment authority under subsection (a)(2), the number equal to 3 percent of the total number of scientific, technical, engineering, mathematics, and technician positions in such laboratory, agency, or organization that are filled as of the close of the preceding fiscal year.
(3)In the case of a laboratory described in subsection (b)(3), with respect to appointment authority under subsection (a)(3), the number equal to 10 percent of the total number of scientific and engineering positions in such laboratory that are filled as of the close of the preceding fiscal year.
(d)(1)There is hereby established in each STRL, each facility of the Major Range and Test Facility Base, and the Defense Test Resource Management Center a category of senior professional scientific and technical positions, the incumbents of which shall be designated as “senior scientific technical managers” and which shall be positions classified above GS–15 of the General Schedule, notwithstanding section 5108(a) of title 5. The primary functions of such positions shall be—
(A)to engage in research and development in the physical, biological, medical, or engineering sciences, or another field closely related to the mission of such STRL, of such facility of the Major Range and Test Facility Base, or the Defense Test Resource Management Center; and
(B)to carry out technical supervisory responsibilities.
(2)(A)The laboratory positions described in paragraph (1) may be filled, and shall be managed, by the director of the STRL involved, under criteria established pursuant to section 4121(a) of this title, relating to personnel demonstration projects at laboratories of the Department of Defense, except that the director of the laboratory involved shall determine the number of such positions at such laboratory, not to exceed 2 percent of the number of scientists and engineers employed at such laboratory as of the close of the last fiscal year before the fiscal year in which any appointments subject to that numerical limitation are made.
(B)The test and evaluation positions described in paragraph (1) may be filled, and shall be managed, by the director of the Major Range and Test Facility Base, in the case of a position at a facility of the Major Range and Test Facility Base, and the director of the Defense Test Resource Management Center, in the case of a position at such center, under criteria established pursuant to section 4121(a) of this title, relating to personnel demonstration projects at laboratories of the Department of Defense, except that the director involved shall determine the number of such positions at each facility of the Major Range and Test Facility Base and the Defense Test Resource Management Center, not to exceed two percent of the number of scientists and engineers, but at least one position, employed at the Major Range and Test Facility Base or the Defense Test Resource Management Center, as the case may be, as of the close of the last fiscal year before the fiscal year in which any appointments subject to those numerical limitations are made.
(e)(1)The director of an STRL shall manage the workforce strength, structure, positions, and compensation of such STRL—
(A)without regard to any limitation on appointments, positions, or funding with respect to such STRL, subject to subparagraph (B); and
(B)in a manner consistent with the budget available with respect to such STRL.
(2)Paragraph (1) shall not apply to Senior Executive Service positions (as defined in section 3132(a) of title 5) or scientific and professional positions authorized under section 3104 of such title.
(f)In this section:
(1)The term “Defense Test Resource Management Center” means the Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center established under section 4173 of this title.
(2)The term “employee” has the meaning given that term in section 2105 of title 5.
(3)The term “Major Range and Test Facility Base” means the test and evaluation facilities and resources that are designated by the Secretary of Defense as facilities and resources comprising the Major Range and Test Facility Base.
(4)The term “veteran” has the meaning given that term in section 101 of title 38.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2023—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, § 1103(1), substituted “bachelor’s or advanced degree” for “bachelor’s degree”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–31, § 1103(2)(A), (B), (D), substituted “Fiscal Year” for “Calendar Year” in heading, “fiscal year” for “calendar year” in introductory provisions, and “the preceding fiscal year” for “the fiscal year last ending before the start of such calendar year” in pars. (1) to (3). Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, § 1103(2)(C), substituted “11 percent” for “6 percent”. Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 118–31, § 1103(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which related to direct hire authority at personnel demonstration laboratories for advanced degree holders. 2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1843(a), as added by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(u)(4)(A), renumbered section 2358a of this title as this section. Pub. L. 116–283, § 1843(b)(2), which directed the renumbering of section 2358a of this title as section 4111 instead of this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(u)(4)(A), effective as if included therein, so that such renumbering was no longer directed. Subsec. (b)(1), (3). Pub. L. 117–81, § 215(d)(13)(A), substituted “designated by section 4121(b) of this title” for “designated by section 1105(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–84; 10 U.S.C. 2358 note)”. Subsec. (d)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 117–81, § 215(d)(13)(B), substituted “pursuant to section 4121(a) of this title” for “pursuant to section 342(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 (Public Law 103–337; 10 U.S.C. 2358 note)”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–81, § 212(a)(2), added subsec. (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–81, § 212(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1845(c)(5), which directed amendment of subsec. (f)(1) of this section, as transferred and redesignated by section 503(b)(2) of Pub. L. 116–283, by substituting “section 4173” for “section 196”, was executed to subsec. (g)(1) of this section, as transferred and redesignated by section 1843(a) of Pub. L. 116–283, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the
Amendments
by Pub. L. 117–81, §§ 212(a)(1), 1701(u)(4)(A). See notes above. 2018—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “of appointments” for “to permanent appointment” in heading and “to another temporary appointment or to a term or permanent appointment” for “to a permanent appointment” in text. 2017—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 115–91, § 1111(1)(A)(i), inserted “, each facility of the Major Range and Test Facility Base, and the Defense Test Resource Management Center” after “each STRL” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–91, § 1111(1)(A)(ii), which directed insertion of “, of such facility of the Major Range and Test Facility Base, or the Defense Test Resource Management Center”, was executed by making the insertion after “such STRL”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–91, § 1111(1)(B), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted “The laboratory positions” for “The positions”, and added subpar. (B). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–91, § 1111(2), added pars. (1) and (3) and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (4), respectively.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
of 2021 Amendment Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title II, § 215(e), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1595, provided that: “This section [enacting section 4121 of this title, amending this section and section 4094 and 4124 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes preceding section 1580 of this title and under section 2223a, 2358, 4001, and 4121 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 2358 of this title] and the
Amendments
and
Repeals
made by this section shall take effect immediately after the
Effective Date
of the
Amendments
made by title XVIII of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283) [Jan. 1, 2022].” Amendment by section 1701(u)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below. Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
10 U.S.C. § 4091
Title 10 — Armed Forces
Last Updated
Apr 6, 2026
Release point: 119-73