Title 20EducationRelease 119-73

§1474 Technology development, demonstration, and utilization; media services; and instructional materials

Title 20 › Chapter CHAPTER 33— - EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER IV— - NATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES › Part Part C— - Supports To Improve Results for Children With Disabilities › § 1474

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Secretary must give grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements to eligible groups to support technology and classroom media for students with disabilities. Money can fund research and demonstrations of new and universally designed tech, help move tech from research into schools, teach parents and teachers about early diagnosis and intervention for reading disabilities, and support internet tools for students with cognitive disabilities. It also supports classroom-ready educational media and making TV, videos, and other multimedia accessible with video description or captions (captioning for news only through September 30, 2006). Accessible media can be shared by loan services, and free accessible textbooks and other materials must be provided for visually impaired and print-disabled students in elementary, secondary, and postsecondary schools. Descriptions or captions are paid for only if the producer did not already provide them or other sources did not fully fund them. Any group that wants money must apply. Groups that apply to make and give out accessible digital audio textbooks must be a national nonprofit with a proven track record, be able to produce and deliver up-to-date digital textbooks quickly, and must show they can significantly stretch federal funds with other money and volunteers. The law requires the American Printing House for the Blind to set up the National Instructional Materials Access Center within one year after December 3, 2004. That center must keep a catalog of materials in the Secretary’s accessibility file standard, give accessible materials free to eligible blind or print-disabled students, and adopt procedures to avoid copyright problems. Eligible entity: see section 1461(b). Definitions include blind/print-disabled children, the accessibility file standard, print instructional materials (K–12 textbooks and core materials), and specialized formats (as in Title 17). Subsection (e) applies only to materials published after the final rule setting the file standard, and no private lawsuit can be brought against the Secretary or the center for failures to provide materials. Subsections (a)–(d) do not apply to subsection (e).

Full Legal Text

Title 20, §1474

Education — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)The Secretary, on a competitive basis, shall award grants to, and enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with, eligible entities to support activities described in subsections (b) and (c).
(2)In this section, the term “eligible entity” has the meaning given the term in section 1461(b) of this title.
(b)(1)In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall support activities to promote the development, demonstration, and use of technology.
(2)The following activities may be carried out under this subsection:
(A)Conducting research on and promoting the demonstration and use of innovative, emerging, and universally designed technologies for children with disabilities, by improving the transfer of technology from research and development to practice.
(B)Supporting research, development, and dissemination of technology with universal design features, so that the technology is accessible to the broadest range of individuals with disabilities without further modification or adaptation.
(C)Demonstrating the use of systems to provide parents and teachers with information and training concerning early diagnosis of, intervention for, and effective teaching strategies for, young children with reading disabilities.
(D)Supporting the use of Internet-based communications for students with cognitive disabilities in order to maximize their academic and functional skills.
(c)(1)In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall support—
(A)educational media activities that are designed to be of educational value in the classroom setting to children with disabilities;
(B)providing video description, open captioning, or closed captioning, that is appropriate for use in the classroom setting, of—
(i)television programs;
(ii)videos;
(iii)other materials, including programs and materials associated with new and emerging technologies, such as CDs, DVDs, video streaming, and other forms of multimedia; or
(iv)news (but only until September 30, 2006);
(C)distributing materials described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) through such mechanisms as a loan service; and
(D)providing free educational materials, including textbooks, in accessible media for visually impaired and print disabled students in elementary schools and secondary schools, postsecondary schools, and graduate schools.
(2)The video description, open captioning, or closed captioning described in paragraph (1)(B) shall be provided only when the description or captioning has not been previously provided by the producer or distributor, or has not been fully funded by other sources.
(d)(1)Any eligible entity that wishes to receive a grant, or enter into a contract or cooperative agreement, under subsection (b) or (c) shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
(2)For the purpose of an application for an award to carry out activities described in subsection (c)(1)(D), such eligible entity shall—
(A)be a national, nonprofit entity with a proven track record of meeting the needs of students with print disabilities through services described in subsection (c)(1)(D);
(B)have the capacity to produce, maintain, and distribute in a timely fashion, up-to-date textbooks in digital audio formats to qualified students; and
(C)have a demonstrated ability to significantly leverage Federal funds through other public and private contributions, as well as through the expansive use of volunteers.
(e)(1)The Secretary shall establish and support, through the American Printing House for the Blind, a center to be known as the “National Instructional Materials Access Center” not later than 1 year after December 3, 2004.
(2)The duties of the National Instructional Materials Access Center are the following:
(A)To receive and maintain a catalog of print instructional materials prepared in the National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard, as established by the Secretary, made available to such center by the textbook publishing industry, State educational agencies, and local educational agencies.
(B)To provide access to print instructional materials, including textbooks, in accessible media, free of charge, to blind or other persons with print disabilities in elementary schools and secondary schools, in accordance with such terms and procedures as the National Instructional Materials Access Center may prescribe.
(C)To develop, adopt and publish procedures to protect against copyright infringement, with respect to the print instructional materials provided under section 1412(a)(23) and 1413(a)(6) of this title.
(3)In this subsection:
(A)The term “blind or other persons with print disabilities” means children served under this chapter and who may qualify in accordance with the Act entitled “An Act to provide books for the adult blind”, approved March 3, 1931 (2 U.S.C. 135a; 46 Stat. 1487) to receive books and other publications produced in specialized formats.
(B)The term “National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard” means the standard established by the Secretary to be used in the preparation of electronic files suitable and used solely for efficient conversion into specialized formats.
(C)The term “print instructional materials” means printed textbooks and related printed core materials that are written and published primarily for use in elementary school and secondary school instruction and are required by a State educational agency or local educational agency for use by students in the classroom.
(D)The term “specialized formats” has the meaning given the term in section 121(d)(3) of title 17.
(4)This subsection shall apply to print instructional materials published after the date on which the final rule establishing the National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard was published in the Federal Register.
(5)Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to establish a private right of action against the Secretary for failure to provide instructional materials directly, or for failure by the National Instructional Materials Access Center to perform the duties of such center, or to otherwise authorize a private right of action related to the performance by such center, including through the application of the rights of children and parents established under this chapter.
(6)Subsections (a) through (d) shall not apply to this subsection.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (e)(3)(A), (5), was in the original “this Act” and was translated as reading “this title”, meaning title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, which enacted this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. “An Act to provide books for the adult blind”, approved March 3, 1931, referred to in subsec. (e)(3)(A), is act Mar. 3, 1931, ch. 400, 46 Stat. 1487, which is classified generally to section 135a and 135b of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. section 121(d) of title 17, referred to in subsec. (e)(3)(D), was amended by Pub. L. 115–261, § 2(a)(1)(D), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3667, and no longer defines the term “specialized formats”.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1474, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 674, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, § 101,
June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 143, related to studies and evaluations, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446. Another prior section 1474, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 674, as added Pub. L. 99–457, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1147, related to general eligibility, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–17, title II, § 203(b),
June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 157, effective
July 1, 1998.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

20 U.S.C. § 1474

Title 20Education

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73