Title 22Foreign Relations and IntercourseRelease 119-73

§5402 Scope of authority

Title 22 › Chapter CHAPTER 63— - SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) › § 5402

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The President can carry out programs in any East European country that are like programs the law allows for Poland or Hungary, if those programs would help the country move toward a market-based democracy. This does not include programs allowed by section 5412 or the changes made by sections 301 and 304. The President can also use the same powers to strengthen courts and justice systems in those countries that are in section 2346c, following that section’s rules except for subsection (c) and the last two sentences of subsection (e). For this chapter, “East European country” means Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and the states that used to be part of Yugoslavia.

Full Legal Text

Title 22, §5402

Foreign Relations and Intercourse — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The President is authorized to conduct activities for any East European country that are similar to any activity authorized by this chapter to be conducted in Poland or Hungary (excluding those authorized by section 5412 of this title or the amendments made by section 301 and 304) if such similar activities would effectively promote a transition to market-oriented democracy.
(b)In order to strengthen the administration of justice in East European countries, the President may exercise the same authorities with respect to those countries as are available under section 2346c of this title, subject to the limitations and requirements of that section, other than subsection (c) and the last two sentences of subsection (e).
(c)For purposes of this chapter, the term “East European country” includes Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and states that were part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 101–179, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1298, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 5401 of this title and Tables. section 301 and 304, referred to in subsec. (a), are section 301 and 304 of Pub. L. 101–179, title III, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1311, 1312. section 301 amended section 2462 of Title 19, Customs Duties. section 304 enacted section 2185 of this title, amended section 2184 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 2185 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

22 U.S.C. § 5402

Title 22Foreign Relations and Intercourse

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73