Title 5Government Organization and EmployeesRelease 119-73

§5924 Cost-of-living allowances

Title 5 › Part PART III— - EMPLOYEES › Subpart Subpart D— - Pay and Allowances › Chapter CHAPTER 59— - ALLOWANCES › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER III— - OVERSEAS DIFFERENTIALS AND ALLOWANCES › § 5924

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Federal employees assigned overseas can get extra payments to help with higher costs and special needs. They may receive a post allowance to make up the difference between living costs at their overseas post and those in Washington, D.C.; employees who get the temporary subsistence allowance under section 5923(1) cannot get this post allowance. They may get a transfer allowance to cover needed moving and short-term living costs (including unavoidable lease penalties) when going to a foreign post or, in some cases, when moving back to the United States if the employee agrees in writing to stay in Government service for 12 months. They may get a separate maintenance allowance to help pay for keeping a spouse or dependents living elsewhere when the post is dangerous, unhealthy, extremely bad, needed for the Government’s convenience, or the family has special hardship or needs. Employees can also get an education allowance or travel help for dependents’ schooling because of overseas service. The allowance can pay up to the cost of comparable public school education in the United States. If local schools are not adequate, it can also cover board and room and periodic travel between the post and the chosen school, up to the cost of sending the child to an adequate U.S. school. Dependents may get one trip a year each way to and from secondary or post‑secondary school, and the first 12 months after a dependent arrives at the chosen school a payment under the education allowance may be limited. Once a year, the Government may pay or reimburse baggage storage near the dependent’s school instead of transporting the baggage, up to the cost the Government would have paid to move it.

Full Legal Text

Title 5, §5924

Government Organization and Employees — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

The following cost-of-living allowances may be granted, when applicable, to an employee in a foreign area:
(1)A post allowance to offset the difference between the cost of living at the post of assignment of the employee in a foreign area and the cost of living in the District of Columbia, except that employees receiving the temporary subsistence allowance under section 5923(1) are ineligible for a post allowance under this paragraph.
(2)A transfer allowance for extraordinary, necessary, and reasonable subsistence and other relocation expenses (including unavoidable lease penalties), not otherwise compensated for, incurred by an employee incident to establishing himself at a post of assignment in—
(A)a foreign area (including costs incurred in the United States, its territories or possessions, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements prior to departure for a post of assignment in a foreign area); or
(B)the United States after the employee agrees in writing to remain in Government service for 12 months after transfer, unless separated for reasons beyond the control of the employee that are acceptable to the agency concerned.
(3)A separate maintenance allowance to assist an employee who is compelled or authorized, because of dangerous, notably unhealthful, or excessively adverse living conditions at the employee’s post of assignment in a foreign area, or for the convenience of the Government, or who requests such an allowance because of special needs or hardship involving the employee or the employee’s spouse or dependents, to meet the additional expenses of maintaining, elsewhere than at the post, the employee’s spouse or dependents, or both.
(4)An education allowance or payment of travel costs to assist an employee with the extraordinary and necessary expenses, not otherwise compensated for, incurred because of his service in a foreign area or foreign areas in providing adequate education for his dependents (or, to the extent education away from post is involved, official assignment to service in such area or areas), as follows:
(A)An allowance not to exceed the cost of obtaining such kindergarten, elementary and secondary educational services as are ordinarily provided without charge by the public schools in the United States (including such educational services as are provided by the States under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), plus, in those cases when adequate schools are not available at the post of the employee, board and room, and periodic transportation between that post and the school chosen by the employee, not to exceed the total cost to the Government of the dependent attending an adequate school in the nearest United States locality where an adequate school is available, without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31. When travel from school to post is infeasible, travel may be allowed between the school attended and the home of a designated relative or family friend or to join a parent at any location, with the allowable travel expense not to exceed the cost of travel between the school and the post. The amount of the allowance granted shall be determined on the basis of the educational facility used.
(B)The travel expenses of dependents of an employee to and from a secondary or post-secondary educational institution, not to exceed one annual trip each way for each dependent, except that an allowance payment under subparagraph (A) may not be made for a dependent during the 12 months following the arrival of the dependent at the selected educational institution under authority contained in this subparagraph.
(C)In those cases in which an adequate school is available at the post of the employee, if the employee chooses to educate the dependent at a school away from post, the education allowance which includes board and room, and periodic travel between the post and the school chosen, shall not exceed the total cost to the Government of the dependent attending an adequate school at the post of the employee.
(D)Allowances provided pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) may include, at the election of the employee, payment or reimbursement of the costs incurred to store baggage for the employee’s dependent at or in the vicinity of the dependent’s school during one trip per year by the dependent between the school and the employee’s duty station, except that such payment or reimbursement may not exceed the cost that the Government would incur to transport the baggage in connection with the trip, and such payment or reimbursement shall be in lieu of transportation of the baggage.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Historical and Revision Notes

DerivationU.S. CodeRevised Statutes andStatutes at Large 5 U.S.C. 3037.Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, § 221, 74 Stat. 794. In paragraph (1), the word “Washington” is omitted as covered by “District of Columbia”. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in par. (4)(A), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§ 1400 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of Title 20 and Tables.

Amendments

2007—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 109–472, § 3(1), inserted “United States” after “nearest” in first sentence. Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 109–472, § 3(2), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) related to educational travel expenses of dependents of an employee. Par. (4)(D). Pub. L. 109–472, § 3(3), added subpar. (D). 2002—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted after first sentence “At the election of the employee, in lieu of the transportation of the baggage of a dependent from the dependent’s school, the costs incurred to store the baggage at or in the vicinity of the school during the dependent’s annual trip between the school and the employee’s duty station may be paid or reimbursed to the employee, except that the amount of the payment or reimbursement may not exceed the cost that the Government would incur to transport the baggage.” 1999—Par. (4). Pub. L. 106–113 substituted “between that post and the school chosen by the employee, not to exceed the total cost to the Government of the dependent attending an adequate school in the nearest locality where an adequate school is available,” for “between that post and the nearest locality where adequate schools are available,” in subpar. (A) and added subpar. (C). 1996—Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–201 struck out at end “Notwithstanding section 1217(d) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3657(d)), for the purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘foreign area’ includes the Republic of Panama.” 1994—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 103–236, § 176(a), inserted after first sentence “When travel from school to post is infeasible, travel may be allowed between the school attended and the home of a designated relative or family friend or to join a parent at any location, with the allowable travel expense not to exceed the cost of travel between the school and the post.” Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 103–236, § 176(b), inserted “(or to and from a school outside the United States if the dependent is attending that school for less than one year under a program approved by the school in the United States at which the dependent is enrolled, with the allowable travel expense not to exceed the cost of travel to and from the school in the United States)” after “in the United States”. 1991—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–138, § 147(e)(1), substituted “Columbia, except that employees receiving the temporary subsistence allowance under section 5923(1) are ineligible for a post allowance under this paragraph” for “Columbia”. Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–138, § 147(e)(2), in introductory provisions substituted “subsistence and other relocation expenses (including unavoidable lease penalties)” for “expenses”, in subpar. (A) inserted “the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,” after “Puerto Rico,” and in subpar. (B) substituted “after the employee agrees in writing to remain in Government service for 12 months after transfer, unless separated for reasons beyond the control of the employee that are acceptable to the agency concerned” for “between assignments to posts in foreign areas”. Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–138, § 147(e)(3), in introductory provisions substituted “dependents (or, to the extent education away from post is involved, official assignment to service in such area or areas)” for “dependents”, in subpar. (A) substituted “United States (including such educational services as are provided by the States under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)” for “United States”, and in subpar. (B) substituted “postsecondary educational institution education (other than a program of post-baccalaureate education)” for “undergraduate college education” in two places and inserted at end provision defining “educational institution” for purposes of subpar. (B). 1990—Par. (3). Pub. L. 101–510 inserted at end “Notwithstanding section 1217(d) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3657(d)), for the purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘foreign area’ includes the Republic of Panama.” 1986—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 99–251 inserted “, its territories or possessions, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements”. 1982—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted “section 3324(a) and (b)” for “section 529”. 1980—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–465, § 2307, inserted “or authorized” after “compelled” and “or who requests such an allowance because of special needs or hardship involving the employee or the employee’s spouse or dependents” after “of the Government,”. Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 96–465, § 2308, substituted “one annual trip each way for each dependent” for “(i) in the case of dependents traveling to obtain secondary education, one annual trip, or in the case of dependents traveling to obtain undergraduate college education, two annual trips, each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State, of the International Communication Agency, of the Department of Justice, of the Agency for International Development, of the Central Intelligence Agency, or of the National Security Agency, or (ii) or one trip each way for each dependent of any other employee, for the purpose of obtaining each type of education”. 1979—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 96–132 inserted reference to the Department of Justice. Pub. L. 96–100 inserted provisions relating to applicability to dependents of employees of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency. Pub. L. 96–53 substituted “(i) in the case of dependents traveling to obtain secondary education, one annual trip, or in the case of dependents traveling to obtain undergraduate college education, two annual trips, each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State, of the International Communication Agency, or of the Agency for International Development, or (ii)” for “one annual trip each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State or the United States Information Agency, or”. 1975—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 94–141 expanded applicability to include costs incurred in the United States prior to departure for a post of assignment in a foreign area. 1974—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 93–475 substituted “one annual trip each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State or the United States Information Agency, or one trip each way for each dependent of any other employee,” for “one trip each way for each dependent”. 1973—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 93–126 inserted “kindergarten,” before “elementary”. 1971—Par. (3). Pub. L. 92–187 substituted “the employee’s post” for “his post” and “the employee’s spouse or” for “his wife or his”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Effective Date

of 1979 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions Secretary of State empowered to prescribe

Regulations

governing travel expenses for dependents of certain employees, see section 1(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 10903, Jan. 11, 1961, 26 F.R. 217, set out as a note under section 5921 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

5 U.S.C. § 5924

Title 5Government Organization and Employees

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73