Country exposure · FJ
Fiji
Australia Oceania · Suva (on Viti Levu) · parliamentary republic
What Fiji means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.
$207M
U.S. imports, 2025
-19.9%
change in one year
$122M
U.S. exports, 2025
952K
Population
$5.8B
GDP
In your house
What you buy that Fiji makes
America bought $207M in goods from Fiji in 2025 — down 19.9% in a single year. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.
Other foods
$123M59.5%
Fish and shellfish
fish, shrimp, shellfish
$38M18.4%
Tobacco, waxes, etc.
$12M6%
Tea, spices, etc.
tea and spices
$9M4.4%
Lumber
lumber for homebuilding
$6M2.9%
Cane and beet sugar
cane and beet sugar
$6M2.7%
Fruits, frozen juices
fruit and frozen juices
$3M1.4%
Vegetables
vegetables
$2M1%
Toiletries and cosmetics
toiletries and cosmetics
$1M0.7%
Minimum value shipments
$1M0.5%
2026 so far (through April): $59M in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).
The other direction
What America sells to Fiji
$122M in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.
Civilian aircraft, engines, equipment, and parts
$44MTelecommunications equipment
$24Mphones, routers, networking gear
Minimum value shipments
$17MPhoto, service industry machinery
$4MElectric apparatus
$2MFruits, frozen juices
$2MToiletries and cosmetics
$2Mtoiletries and cosmetics
Furniture, household goods, etc.
$2Mfurniture, mattresses, lamps
Computers
$2Mlaptops, desktops, monitors
Where you stand
U.S. tariff posture toward Fiji
Fiji was assigned 32% in April 2025 — the highest U.S. tariff in the Pacific — hitting key exports like bottled mineral water (Fiji Water), kava, fish, and sugar confectionery; Fiji disputed the underlying claim that it levied a 63% tariff on U.S. goods. The rate was reduced to 15% in August 2025 without a formal deal. Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions, Feb 20, 2026) terminated the IEEPA reciprocal duties, and Proclamation 11012 replaced it with a 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge effective February 24, 2026. Fiji has no Section 232 steel/aluminum exposure.
Reciprocal tariff (assigned — terminated)
32%
The rate this country was assigned under the EO 14257 reciprocal Annex — no longer in force. The Supreme Court struck down the IEEPA tariffs and they were terminated February 24, 2026 (EO 14389), replaced by a universal ~10% Section 122 surcharge. See the timeline below for the current effective rate.
Policy in motion
Tariff status: a moving target
U.S. tariff policy toward Fiji has changed 4 times since 2025. This page tracks it.
2026-02-24
IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122
In effectExecutive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties effective February 24, 2026, replacing Fiji's 15% reciprocal rate with a 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge under Proclamation 11012 (capped at 150 days).
91 FR 9437 →2025-08-07
Rate reduced to 15%
In effectExecutive Order 14326 set the post-pause Annex I reciprocal rates; Fiji's rate was lowered from 32% to 15% effective August 7, 2025, without a formal bilateral agreement.
90 FR 37963 →2025-04-10
Elevated reciprocal rates paused to 10% for 90 days
In effectExecutive Order 14266 suspended the higher country-specific reciprocal rates — including Fiji's 32% — back to the 10% baseline for 90 days.
90 FR 15625 →2025-04-05
Reciprocal tariff regime begins — Fiji assigned 32%
In effectExecutive Order 14257 imposed a 10% universal reciprocal duty effective April 5 and a 32% country-specific rate for Fiji scheduled to take effect April 9 — the highest in the Pacific — which Fiji's government challenged as based on an inaccurate trade-barrier estimate.
90 FR 15041 →
Made for America
What Fiji makes for America
Fiji is a direct U.S. source of 5 essential goods Americans rely on — the items themselves, shipped finished off the line.
Go deeper
The supply chain view
Fiji sits upstream of 1 essential American goods through 1 tracked inputs.
Full supply-map profile →Reference
The country itself
Australia Oceania · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.
Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874. The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin.
Geography
- Location
- Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
- Area
- 18,274 sq km
- Climate
- tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
- Terrain
- mostly mountains of volcanic origin
- Natural resources
- timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
- Coastline
- 1,129 km
- Natural hazards
- cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
People & society
- Population
- 951,611 (2024 est.)
- Nationality
- Fijian(s)
- Ethnic groups
- iTaukei 56.8% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indo-Fijian 37.5%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 4.5% (European, part European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 est.)
- Languages
- English (official), iTaukei (official), Fiji Hindi (official)
- Religions
- Protestant 45% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 3.9%, and Anglican 0.8%), Hindu 27.9%, other Christian 10.4%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other 0.3%, none 0.8% (2007 est.)
- Median age
- 32 years (2025 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth
- 74.8 years (2024 est.)
- Literacy
- 92.4% (2021 est.)
Economy
- Economic overview
- upper-middle income, tourism-based Pacific island economy; susceptible to ocean rises; key energy and infrastructure investments; post-pandemic tourism resurgence; improved debt standing; limited workforce
- Industries
- tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber
- Agricultural products
- sugarcane, cassava, taro, vegetables, chicken, coconuts, eggs, ginger, milk, sweet potatoes (2023)
- Exports - partners
- USA 32%, Australia 12%, Tonga 6%, NZ 6%, Samoa 4% (2023)
- Imports - partners
- Singapore 25%, China 16%, Australia 15%, NZ 14%, USA 5% (2023)
Government
- Government type
- parliamentary republic
- Capital
- Suva (on Viti Levu)
- Independence
- 10 October 1970 (from the UK)
- Constitution
- several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013
- Executive branch
- President Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU (since 12 November 2024)
- Legislative branch
- Parliament
Full reference data
Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.
Introduction
Background
Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874. The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Fiji. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as you do not stay in the country more than 4 months.
US Embassy/Consulate
[679] 331-4466; US Embassy in Suva, 158 Princes Road, Tamavua, PO Box 218, Suva, Fiji; https://fj.usembassy.gov/; SuvaACS@state.gov
Telephone Code
679
Local Emergency Phone
911
Vaccinations
An International Certificate of Vaccination for yellow fever is required for travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission and for travelers having transited through the airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. See WHO recommendations. http://www.who.int/
Climate
Tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Currency (Code)
Fijian dollars (FJD)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
240 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): I
Major Languages
English (official), iTaukei (official), Fiji Hindi (official)
Major Religions
Protestant 45%, Hindu 27.9%, other Christian 10.4%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%
Time Difference
UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time); daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in November; ends second Sunday in January
Potable Water
Yes, but some opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit
Suggested
Road Driving Side
Left
Tourist Destinations
Mamanuca and Yasawa Islands; Taveuni Island (includes Bouma National Heritage Park); Beqa Lagoon
Major Sports
Rugby, soccer
Cultural Practices
In more conservative village environments, it is considered proper to remove one's hat and sunglasses when greeting someone in public.
Tipping Guidelines
Tipping is not required or expected. In lieu of tipping individuals, many resorts have a "Staff Christmas Fund" box available so their guests can contribute to the staff as a whole. Round up the fare for taxis.
Souvenirs
Wood-carved mako masks and other tribal wooden items, shell items, pearls, pottery, tapa cloth; pandanus woven mats, baskets, and rope
Traditional Cuisine
Kokoda — fresh, raw fish such as mahi-mahi or snapper marinated in a combination of coconut milk and citrus juices; often garnished with sea salt, minced chilis, finely sliced green onions, or coriander leaves
CIA source last updated
Tuesday, September 20, 2022
Travel resources
Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.
World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.
US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.
To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)
How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444
Page last updated: Tuesday, September 20, 2022
Geography
Location
Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Geographic coordinates
18 00 S, 175 00 E
Map references
Oceania
Area - total
18,274 sq km
Area - land
18,274 sq km
Area - water
0 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries - total
0 km
Coastline
1,129 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
12 nm
Maritime claims - contiguous zone
24 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Maritime claims - continental shelf
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Maritime claims - note
note: measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines
Climate
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Terrain
mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Elevation - highest point
Tomanivi 1,324 m
Elevation - lowest point
Pacific Ocean 0 m
Natural resources
timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
Land use - agricultural land
17.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 9.5% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
61.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
21.2% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
40 sq km (2012)
Population distribution
approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas
Natural hazards
cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Geography - note
consists of 332 islands, approximately 110 of which are inhabited, and more than 500 islets
People and Society
Population - total
951,611 (2024 est.)
Population - male
482,304
Population - female
469,307
Nationality - noun
Fijian(s)
Nationality - adjective
Fijian
Ethnic groups
iTaukei 56.8% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indo-Fijian 37.5%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 4.5% (European, part European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 est.)
Ethnic groups - note
note: a 2010 law replaces 'Fijian' with 'iTaukei' when referring to the original and native settlers of Fiji
Languages
English (official), iTaukei (official), Fiji Hindi (official)
Religions
Protestant 45% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 3.9%, and Anglican 0.8%), Hindu 27.9%, other Christian 10.4%, Roman Catholic 9.1%, Muslim 6.3%, Sikh 0.3%, other 0.3%, none 0.8% (2007 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
24.7% (male 119,910/female 114,904)
Age structure - 15-64 years
66.4% (male 323,339/female 308,921)
Age structure - 65 years and over
8.9% (2024 est.) (male 39,055/female 45,482)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
50.5 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
37.1 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
13.4 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
7.5 (2024 est.)
Median age - total
32 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
31.4 years
Median age - female
31.8 years
Population growth rate
0.38% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
15.63 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas
Urbanization - urban population
58.7% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
178,000 SUVA (capital) (2018)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.86 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
30 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
9.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
11.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
8.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
74.8 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
72.2 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
77.6 years
Total fertility rate
2.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.06 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 98.7% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: rural
rural: 91.1% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 95.5% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 1.3% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: rural
rural: 8.9% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 4.5% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
5.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
10.3% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.81 physicians/1,000 population (2015)
Hospital bed density
1.9 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: rural
rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
30.2% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita - total
2.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - beer
1.64 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - wine
0.29 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - spirits
0.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use - total
26.8% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - male
40.8% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - female
12.9% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
4.6% (2021 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
59.2% (2021 est.)
Child marriage - women married by age 15
0.2% (2021)
Child marriage - women married by age 18
4% (2021)
Child marriage - men married by age 18
1.7% (2021)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% GDP)
4.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% national budget)
13.8% national budget (2025 est.)
Literacy - female
92.4% (2021 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Republic of Fiji
Country name - conventional short form
Fiji
Country name - local long form
Republic of Fiji (English)/ Matanitu ko Viti (Fijian)
Country name - local short form
Fiji (English)/ Viti (Fijian)
Country name - etymology
the Fijians called their home Viti, but the neighboring Tongans called it Fisi; in the Anglicized spelling of the Tongan pronunciation -- promulgated by explorer Captain James COOK -- the designation became Fiji
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital - name
Suva (on Viti Levu)
Capital - geographic coordinates
18 08 S, 178 25 E
Capital - time difference
UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - etymology
the name means "little hill" in the native Fijian language and may refer to a mound where a temple once stood
Administrative divisions
14 provinces and 1 dependency*; Ba, Bua, Cakaudrove, Kadavu, Lau, Lomaiviti, Macuata, Nadroga and Navosa, Naitasiri, Namosi, Ra, Rewa, Rotuma*, Serua, Tailevu
Legal system
common law system based on the English model
Constitution - history
several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013
Constitution - amendment process
proposed as a bill by Parliament and supported by at least three quarters of its members, followed by referral to the president and then to the Electoral Commission, which conducts a referendum; passage requires approval by at least three-quarters of registered voters and assent by the president
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Fiji
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
yes
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
at least 5 years residency out of the 10 years preceding application
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
President Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU (since 12 November 2024)
Executive branch - head of government
Prime Minister Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA (since 24 December 2022)
Executive branch - cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament
Executive branch - election/appointment process
president elected by Parliament for a 3-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister endorsed by the president
Executive branch - most recent election date
31 October 2024
Executive branch - election results
2024: Ratu Naiqama LALABALAVU elected president (People's Alliance) 35 votes, Meli Tora TAVAIQIA (Fiji First) 14 votes 2021: Ratu Wiliame KATONIVERE elected president; Wiliame KATONIVERE (People's Alliance) 28 votes, Teimumu KEPA (SODELPA) 23 votes
Executive branch - expected date of next election
2027
Legislative branch - legislature name
Parliament
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
55 (all directly elected)
Legislative branch - electoral system
proportional representation
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
4 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
12/14/2022
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
FijiFirst (26); People's Alliance (21); National Federation Party (NFP) (5); Social Democratic Liberal Party (Soldelpa) (3)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
9.1%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
December 2026
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
chief justice appointed by the president of Fiji on the advice of the prime minister following consultation with the parliamentary leader of the opposition; judges of the Supreme Court, the president of the Court of Appeal, the justices of the Court of Appeal, and puisne judges of the High Court appointed by the president of Fiji on the nomination of the Judicial Service Commission after consulting with the cabinet minister and the House of Representatives committee responsible for the administration of justice; the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, and justices of Appeal generally required to retire at age 70, but this requirement may be waived for one or more sessions of the court; puisne judges appointed for not less than 4 years or more than 7 years, with mandatory retirement at age 65
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
Magistrates' Court (organized into civil, criminal, juvenile, and small claims divisions)
Political parties
Fiji First Fiji Labor Party or FLP Freedom Alliance (formerly Fiji United Freedom Party or FUFP) National Federation Party or NFP People's Alliance Peoples Democratic Party or PDP Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA Unity Fiji
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Ilisoni VUIDREKETI (since 17 June 2024)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (917) 208-4560
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 466-8325
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Marie DAMOUR (since 24 November 2022); note - also accredited to Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
158 Princes Road, Tamavua, Suva
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
4290 Suva Place, Washington DC 20521-4290
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
[679] 331-4466
Diplomatic representation from the US - FAX
[679] 330-2267
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
International organization participation
ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca (suspended), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
10 October 1970 (from the UK)
National holiday
Fiji (Independence) Day, 10 October (1970)
Flag
description: light blue with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the right half of the flag; the shield shows a yellow lion holding a coconut above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George; the four quarters depict sugarcane, a palm tree, a banana bunch, and a white dove meaning: blue symbolizes the Pacific Ocean
National symbol(s)
Fijian canoe
National color(s)
light blue
National anthem(s) - title
"God Bless Fiji" (Let Us Show Pride)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT/C. Austin MILES (adapted by Michael Francis Alexander PRESCOTT)
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1970; known in Fijian as "Meda Dau Doka" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, "Dwelling in Beulah Land," the anthem's English lyrics are usually used, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
1 (cultural)
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Levuka Historical Port Town
Economy
Economic overview
upper-middle income, tourism-based Pacific island economy; susceptible to ocean rises; key energy and infrastructure investments; post-pandemic tourism resurgence; improved debt standing; limited workforce
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$13.1 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$12.617 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$11.734 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
3.8% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
7.5% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
19.8% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$14,100 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$13,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$12,800 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$5.841 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
4.5% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
2.3% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
4.3% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
8.4% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
14.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
56.2% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
71.7% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
20.8% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
18.6% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
1.2% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
57% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-69.2% (2023 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
sugarcane, cassava, taro, vegetables, chicken, coconuts, eggs, ginger, milk, sweet potatoes (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
tourism, sugar processing, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber
Industrial production growth rate
7.3% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
387,800 (2024 est.)
Labor force - note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2024
4.4% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2023
4.4% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2022
4.5% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate - note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - total
15.5% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - male
11.8% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - female
22.5% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
24.1% (2019 est.)
Population below poverty line - note
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019
30.7 (2019 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%
3.5% (2019 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10%
24.2% (2019 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances - Remittances 2023
9.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
9.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2021
9.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$1.345 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$1.562 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - note
note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt - Public debt 2016
47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
20.7% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues - note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
-$865.665 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2021
-$686.577 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2020
-$614.13 million (2020 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2022
$2.376 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - Exports 2021
$1.171 billion (2021 est.)
Exports - Exports 2020
$1.23 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
USA 32%, Australia 12%, Tonga 6%, NZ 6%, Samoa 4% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
water, fish, raw sugar, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2022
$3.434 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - Imports 2021
$2.344 billion (2021 est.)
Imports - Imports 2020
$1.977 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Singapore 25%, China 16%, Australia 15%, NZ 14%, USA 5% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, medical instruments, cars, broadcasting equipment, plastics (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$1.6 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$1.548 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$1.557 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external - Debt - external 2023
$1.397 billion (2023 est.)
Debt - external - note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
2.268 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
2.25 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
2.201 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
2.071 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
2.169 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
92% (2022 est.)
Electricity access - electrification - urban areas
97.6%
Electricity access - electrification - rural areas
86.8%
Electricity - installed generating capacity
427,000 kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
1.048 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
102.047 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
36.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - solar
1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - wind
0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - hydroelectricity
52.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
10% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
6 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
2 metric tons (2022 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
10,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
25.375 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
49,000 (2021 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
4 (2022 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
5.33 million (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
574 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel; Digicel Fiji operates the Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations, including 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
Internet country code
.fj
Internet users - percent of population
79% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
23,000 (2022 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
3 (2022 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
DQ
Airports
26 (2025)
Heliports
2 (2025)
Railways - total
597 km (2008)
Railways - narrow gauge
597 km (2008) 0.600-m gauge
Railways - note
note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during the harvest season, which runs from May to December
Merchant marine - total
74 (2023)
Merchant marine - by type
general cargo 21, oil tanker 4, other 49
Ports - total ports
5 (2024)
Ports - large
0
Ports - medium
0
Ports - small
2
Ports - very small
3
Ports - ports with oil terminals
4
Ports - key ports
Lautoka Harbor, Levuka, Malai, Savusavu Bay, Suva Harbor
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Force, Republic of Fiji Navy (2025)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2024
1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2023
1.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2022
1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2021
1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2020
1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 4,000 active Republic of Fiji Military Forces (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China and the US have provided small amounts of equipment (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2026)
Military deployments
170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2025)
Military - note
the Fiji Military Forces (RFMF) are responsible for external security but can be assigned some domestic security responsibilities in specific circumstances; the RFMF has a history of intervening in the country’s politics, and it continues to have significant political power; it also has a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations, which have offered experience and a source of financial support; Fiji has sent troops on nearly 20 such missions since first deploying personnel to South Lebanon in 1978 Fiji has a "shiprider" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Fiji's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; "shiprider" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2025)
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons - refugees
25 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - IDPs
259 (2024 est.)
Trafficking in persons - tier rating
Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Fiji remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/fiji/
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution from waste incineration and vehicle emissions; deforestation and soil erosion; soil erosion from clearing land by bush burning
International environmental agreements - party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
International environmental agreements - signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Land use - agricultural land
17.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 3.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 9.5% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
61.7% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
21.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
58.7% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
1.432 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
8.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
189,400 tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
16.1% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - municipal
25.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - industrial
9.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - agricultural
50 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
28.55 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)