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119-hjres-28119th Congress

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to require that the Supreme Court of the United States be composed of nine justices.

Sponsored By: Representative Johnson, Dusty [R-SD-At Large]

Introduced

Summary

Locks the Supreme Court at nine justices. This proposed constitutional amendment would add an article stating the Supreme Court shall be composed of nine justices. It sets a seven-year deadline for ratification by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. The amendment's text specifies court size and does not include rules on appointments, vacancies, or other court governance.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

1 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.

Fix the Supreme Court at Nine

This bill would propose a constitutional amendment to require the Supreme Court to have nine justices. It would become part of the Constitution only if three-fourths of state legislatures ratified it within seven years. State legislatures, not Congress, would be the bodies to ratify the amendment. The proposed text does not set rules for appointments, vacancies, or other court governance.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Johnson, Dusty [R-SD-At Large]

SD • R

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Webster, Daniel [R-FL-11]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Estes, Ron [R-KS-4]

    KS • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Hudson, Richard [R-NC-9]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Balderson, Troy [R-OH-12]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Dunn, Neal P. [R-FL-2]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Rose, John W. [R-TN-6]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5]

    AZ • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Van Duyne, Beth [R-TX-24]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Feenstra, Randy [R-IA-4]

    IA • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Harrigan, Pat [R-NC-10]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Scott, Austin [R-GA-8]

    GA • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Cammack, Kat [R-FL-3]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Crenshaw, Dan [R-TX-2]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1]

    MN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Fulcher, Russ [R-ID-1]

    ID • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Hageman, Harriet M. [R-WY-At Large]

    WY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Rouzer, David [R-NC-7]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Zinke, Ryan K. [R-MT-1]

    MT • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Yakym, Rudy [R-IN-2]

    IN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3]

    MS • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-2]

    MI • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Fischbach, Michelle [R-MN-7]

    MN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Rutherford, John H. [R-FL-5]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Moran, Nathaniel [R-TX-1]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Buchanan, Vern [R-FL-16]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Letlow, Julia [R-LA-5]

    LA • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Malliotakis, Nicole [R-NY-11]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9]

    IN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Fry, Russell [R-SC-7]

    SC • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Ezell, Mike [R-MS-4]

    MS • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Ciscomani, Juan [R-AZ-6]

    AZ • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Weber, Randy K. Sr. [R-TX-14]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

    WI • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Jackson, Ronny [R-TX-13]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Mann, Tracey [R-KS-1]

    KS • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Issa, Darrell [R-CA-48]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Salazar, Maria Elvira [R-FL-27]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Amodei, Mark E. [R-NV-2]

    NV • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Harshbarger, Diana [R-TN-1]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Perry, Scott [R-PA-10]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Huizenga, Bill [R-MI-4]

    MI • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. De La Cruz, Monica [R-TX-15]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Timmons, William R. [R-SC-4]

    SC • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Alford, Mark [R-MO-4]

    MO • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Massie, Thomas [R-KY-4]

    KY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Kelly, Trent [R-MS-1]

    MS • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Franklin, Scott [R-FL-18]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Aderholt, Robert B. [R-AL-4]

    AL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Sessions, Pete [R-TX-17]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Rogers, Harold [R-KY-5]

    KY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Flood, Mike [R-NE-1]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Wilson, Joe [R-SC-2]

    SC • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Garbarino, Andrew R. [R-NY-2]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Donalds, Byron [R-FL-19]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6]

    WI • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Bice, Stephanie I. [R-OK-5]

    OK • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. LaLota, Nick [R-NY-1]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Moore, Barry [R-AL-1]

    AL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Calvert, Ken [R-CA-41]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Hill, J. French [R-AR-2]

    AR • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Guthrie, Brett [R-KY-2]

    KY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Miller, Mary E. [R-IL-15]

    IL • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Miller, Max L. [R-OH-7]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. Schmidt, Derek [R-KS-2]

    KS • R

    Sponsored 1/22/2025

  • Rep. McDowell, Addison P. [R-NC-6]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 1/23/2025

  • Rep. Edwards, Chuck [R-NC-11]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 1/28/2025

  • Rep. James, John [R-MI-10]

    MI • R

    Sponsored 1/28/2025

  • Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5]

    SC • R

    Sponsored 2/4/2025

  • Rep. Hamadeh, Abraham J. [R-AZ-8]

    AZ • R

    Sponsored 2/7/2025

  • Rep. Schweikert, David [R-AZ-1]

    AZ • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2025

  • Rep. Crane, Elijah [R-AZ-2]

    AZ • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2025

  • Rep. Shreve, Jefferson [R-IN-6]

    IN • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2025

  • Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-10]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 2/14/2025

  • Rep. Murphy, Gregory F. [R-NC-3]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 2/14/2025

  • Rep. Moore, Tim [R-NC-14]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 2/21/2025

  • Rep. Tiffany, Thomas P. [R-WI-7]

    WI • R

    Sponsored 2/21/2025

  • Rep. Knott, Brad [R-NC-13]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 2/21/2025

  • Rep. Biggs, Sheri [R-SC-3]

    SC • R

    Sponsored 2/25/2025

  • Rep. Harris, Mark [R-NC-8]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Palmer, Gary J. [R-AL-6]

    AL • R

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Obernolte, Jay [R-CA-23]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Collins, Mike [R-GA-10]

    GA • R

    Sponsored 3/26/2025

  • Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 4/7/2025

  • Rep. Harris, Andy [R-MD-1]

    MD • R

    Sponsored 4/28/2025

  • Rep. Valadao, David G. [R-CA-22]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 6/3/2025

  • Rep. Jack, Brian [R-GA-3]

    GA • R

    Sponsored 6/17/2025

  • Rep. Loudermilk, Barry [R-GA-11]

    GA • R

    Sponsored 6/25/2025

  • Rep. Fong, Vince [R-CA-20]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 6/25/2025

  • Rep. Goldman, Craig A. [R-TX-12]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 7/15/2025

  • Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 7/29/2025

  • Rep. Lee, Laurel M. [R-FL-15]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 9/2/2025

  • Rep. Carter, Earl L. "Buddy" [R-GA-1]

    GA • R

    Sponsored 9/9/2025

  • Rep. Bilirakis, Gus M. [R-FL-12]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 9/11/2025

  • Rep. Hinson, Ashley [R-IA-2]

    IA • R

    Sponsored 10/10/2025

  • Rep. Barrett, Tom [R-MI-7]

    MI • R

    Sponsored 1/20/2026

  • Rep. Haridopolos, Mike [R-FL-8]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 3/30/2026

  • Rep. Baumgartner, Michael [R-WA-5]

    WA • R

    Sponsored 5/29/2026

  • Rep. McGuire, John J. [R-VA-5]

    VA • R

    Sponsored 5/29/2026

  • Rep. Strong, Dale W. [R-AL-5]

    AL • R

    Sponsored 6/4/2026

  • Rep. Miller-Meeks, Mariannette [R-IA-1]

    IA • R

    Sponsored 6/15/2026

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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