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119-hr-1551119th Congress

Protect and Serve Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Representative Rutherford, John H. [R-FL-5]

Introduced

Summary

Would create a new federal crime for attacking law enforcement officers. It would let federal prosecutors pursue cases in specific interstate, weapon-related, federal-property, or federal-officer situations, but only after written certification from the Attorney General or a designee.

Show full summary
  • Law enforcement officers: Creates a federal offense for willfully causing serious bodily injury to a person because they are a law enforcement officer, or attempting to do so. Penalties would include up to 10 years in prison, and any term of years or life if death results or the offense involves kidnapping or an attempted killing.
  • Scope of federal reach: Applies when the conduct occurs during travel across State or national borders or uses interstate commerce, when a firearm or weapon that traveled in interstate commerce is employed, when it happens on federal property, or when the victim is a Federal law enforcement officer.
  • Federal prosecutorial check: Bars U.S. prosecution unless the Attorney General or a designee issues a written certification that a State requested federal jurisdiction or that federal prosecution is in the public interest and necessary to secure substantial justice. That certification must consider the State verdict or sentence, planning and premeditation, intended outcome, disregard for human life and collateral harm, and the public safety benefit of federal prosecution.

Adds definitions for “law enforcement officer” and “State,” and updates the chapter table to list the new section.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

1 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 0 costs, 0 mixed.

New federal crime for attacking officers

If enacted, this would make it a federal crime to willfully injure someone because they are a law enforcement officer, or to try to do so. The penalty would be up to 10 years in prison, a fine, or both. If death results, or if the attack includes kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, or an attempt to kill, the penalty could be any term of years or life, plus fines. Federal charges would only proceed with a written sign-off by the Attorney General or a designee, unless a State asks for federal help; the decision would weigh state outcomes, planning, intended harm, danger to others, and public safety. The case would also need a federal link, like interstate travel or commerce, use of a weapon that crossed state lines, conduct on federal property, or a federal officer as the victim; “law enforcement officer” would include officers who investigate crimes or run jails.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Rutherford, John H. [R-FL-5]

FL • R

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Simpson, Michael K. [R-ID-2]

    ID • R

    Sponsored 10/5/2026

  • Rep. Gottheimer, Josh [D-NJ-5]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 2/25/2025

  • Rep. Stauber, Pete [R-MN-8]

    MN • R

    Sponsored 2/25/2025

  • Rep. Golden, Jared F. [D-ME-2]

    ME • D

    Sponsored 2/25/2025

  • Rep. Hern, Kevin [R-OK-1]

    OK • R

    Sponsored 2/25/2025

  • Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

    WI • R

    Sponsored 2/25/2025

  • Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4]

    NJ • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Moore, Tim [R-NC-14]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Bean, Aaron [R-FL-4]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. McDowell, Addison P. [R-NC-6]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Amodei, Mark E. [R-NV-2]

    NV • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Gooden, Lance [R-TX-5]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Valadao, David G. [R-CA-22]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Deluzio, Christopher R. [D-PA-17]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Ezell, Mike [R-MS-4]

    MS • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Franklin, Scott [R-FL-18]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Pfluger, August [R-TX-11]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. LaLota, Nick [R-NY-1]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3]

    AL • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Hudson, Richard [R-NC-9]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Obernolte, Jay [R-CA-23]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 3/10/2025

  • Rep. Harrigan, Pat [R-NC-10]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Barr, Andy [R-KY-6]

    KY • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Craig, Angie [D-MN-2]

    MN • D

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Nunn, Zachary [R-IA-3]

    IA • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-1]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Diaz-Balart, Mario [R-FL-26]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. LaHood, Darin [R-IL-16]

    IL • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1]

    MN • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Davis, Donald G. [D-NC-1]

    NC • D

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Murphy, Gregory F. [R-NC-3]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Edwards, Chuck [R-NC-11]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 3/14/2025

  • Rep. Costa, Jim [D-CA-21]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Harris, Mark [R-NC-8]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Sessions, Pete [R-TX-17]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Guthrie, Brett [R-KY-2]

    KY • R

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Gimenez, Carlos A. [R-FL-28]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Nehls, Troy E. [R-TX-22]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 3/24/2025

  • Rep. Balderson, Troy [R-OH-12]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 3/31/2025

  • Rep. Fischbach, Michelle [R-MN-7]

    MN • R

    Sponsored 3/31/2025

  • Rep. Meuser, Daniel [R-PA-9]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 3/31/2025

  • Rep. Miller, Max L. [R-OH-7]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 3/31/2025

  • Rep. Kiley, Kevin [I-CA-3]

    CA • I

    Sponsored 3/31/2025

  • Rep. Calvert, Ken [R-CA-41]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 3/31/2025

  • Rep. Fry, Russell [R-SC-7]

    SC • R

    Sponsored 3/31/2025

  • Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 4/7/2025

  • Rep. Gillen, Laura [D-NY-4]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 4/7/2025

  • Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 4/17/2025

  • Rep. Tiffany, Thomas P. [R-WI-7]

    WI • R

    Sponsored 4/17/2025

  • Rep. Carey, Mike [R-OH-15]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 4/17/2025

  • Rep. Panetta, Jimmy [D-CA-19]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 4/17/2025

  • Rep. Boyle, Brendan F. [D-PA-2]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 4/28/2025

  • Rep. Sherrill, Mikie [D-NJ-11]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 4/28/2025

  • Rep. Van Drew, Jefferson [R-NJ-2]

    NJ • R

    Sponsored 4/28/2025

  • Rep. Bice, Stephanie I. [R-OK-5]

    OK • R

    Sponsored 4/28/2025

  • Rep. Hunt, Wesley [R-TX-38]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 5/7/2025

  • Rep. Kean, Thomas H. [R-NJ-7]

    NJ • R

    Sponsored 5/8/2025

  • Rep. Harder, Josh [D-CA-9]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/13/2025

  • Rep. Gonzales, Tony [R-TX-23]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 5/13/2025

  • Rep. Perez, Marie Gluesenkamp [D-WA-3]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 5/19/2025

  • Rep. Vindman, Eugene Simon [D-VA-7]

    VA • D

    Sponsored 5/19/2025

  • Rep. Bresnahan, Robert P. [R-PA-8]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 5/19/2025

  • Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 5/19/2025

  • Rep. Kustoff, David [R-TN-8]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 6/5/2025

  • Rep. Williams, Roger [R-TX-25]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 6/5/2025

  • Rep. Rulli, Michael A. [R-OH-6]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 6/5/2025

  • Rep. Ciscomani, Juan [R-AZ-6]

    AZ • R

    Sponsored 6/9/2025

  • Rep. Wagner, Ann [R-MO-2]

    MO • R

    Sponsored 6/9/2025

  • Rep. Van Duyne, Beth [R-TX-24]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 6/9/2025

  • Rep. Landsman, Greg [D-OH-1]

    OH • D

    Sponsored 6/9/2025

  • Rep. Garbarino, Andrew R. [R-NY-2]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Rep. Hinson, Ashley [R-IA-2]

    IA • R

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Rep. Bost, Mike [R-IL-12]

    IL • R

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Rep. Pappas, Chris [D-NH-1]

    NH • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5]

    SC • R

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Rep. Newhouse, Dan [R-WA-4]

    WA • R

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Rep. Kiggans, Jennifer A. [R-VA-2]

    VA • R

    Sponsored 6/24/2025

  • Rep. Malliotakis, Nicole [R-NY-11]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 6/24/2025

  • Rep. Schmidt, Derek [R-KS-2]

    KS • R

    Sponsored 6/24/2025

  • Rep. Letlow, Julia [R-LA-5]

    LA • R

    Sponsored 7/23/2025

  • Rep. Harris, Andy [R-MD-1]

    MD • R

    Sponsored 7/23/2025

  • Rep. Moran, Nathaniel [R-TX-1]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 7/23/2025

  • Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-10]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 8/5/2025

  • Rep. Walberg, Tim [R-MI-5]

    MI • R

    Sponsored 8/5/2025

  • Rep. Van Orden, Derrick [R-WI-3]

    WI • R

    Sponsored 9/15/2025

  • Rep. Davids, Sharice [D-KS-3]

    KS • D

    Sponsored 9/15/2025

  • Rep. Lee, Laurel M. [R-FL-15]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 9/15/2025

  • Rep. Houlahan, Chrissy [D-PA-6]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 9/15/2025

  • Rep. McDonald Rivet, Kristen [D-MI-8]

    MI • D

    Sponsored 9/15/2025

  • Rep. Hamadeh, Abraham J. [R-AZ-8]

    AZ • R

    Sponsored 10/17/2025

  • Rep. Patronis, Jimmy [R-FL-1]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 10/17/2025

  • Rep. Sorensen, Eric [D-IL-17]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 10/26/2026

  • Rep. Evans, Gabe [R-CO-8]

    CO • R

    Sponsored 12/15/2025

  • Rep. Fedorchak, Julie [R-ND-At Large]

    ND • R

    Sponsored 1/8/2026

  • Rep. Kelly, Mike [R-PA-16]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Correa, J. Luis [D-CA-46]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. DesJarlais, Scott [R-TN-4]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Burchett, Tim [R-TN-2]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Cole, Tom [R-OK-4]

    OK • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Tran, Derek [D-CA-45]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Mackenzie, Ryan [R-PA-7]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 2/10/2026

  • Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 2/24/2026

  • Rep. Latta, Robert E. [R-OH-5]

    OH • R

    Sponsored 2/24/2026

  • Rep. Babin, Brian [R-TX-36]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 2/24/2026

  • Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40]

    CA • R

    Sponsored 4/14/2026

  • Rep. James, John [R-MI-10]

    MI • R

    Sponsored 4/14/2026

  • Rep. Fallon, Pat [R-TX-4]

    TX • R

    Sponsored 4/14/2026

  • Rep. Kaptur, Marcy [D-OH-9]

    OH • D

    Sponsored 4/14/2026

  • Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7]

    GA • R

    Sponsored 4/28/2026

  • Rep. Gray, Adam [D-CA-13]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/13/2026

  • Rep. Schrier, Kim [D-WA-8]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 5/20/2026

  • Rep. Feenstra, Randy [R-IA-4]

    IA • R

    Sponsored 5/20/2026

  • Rep. Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 5/20/2026

  • Rep. Crank, Jeff [R-CO-5]

    CO • R

    Sponsored 5/20/2026

  • Rep. Van Epps, Matt [R-TN-7]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 6/24/2026

  • Rep. Langworthy, Nicholas A. [R-NY-23]

    NY • R

    Sponsored 6/24/2026

  • Rep. Joyce, John [R-PA-13]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 8/31/2026

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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