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119-hr-1629119th CongressWALLET

Farmland Security Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Representative Perez, Marie Gluesenkamp [D-WA-3]

Introduced

Summary

Strengthens enforcement against foreign ownership of U.S. farmland by expanding penalties, audits, training, reporting, and research to make foreign land purchases more transparent and easier to police.

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  • Families and rural communities: Requires research on how foreign leasing and ownership affect family farms, rural communities, and the domestic food supply, with annual reports to Congress starting 180 days after enactment.
  • Foreign owners and shell corporations: Creates a new penalty for foreign-owned shell corporations equal to 100 percent of the land's fair market value on the assessment date, but lets entities avoid that penalty by fixing filing defects within 60 days of notice.
  • Federal and state officials: Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to audit at least 10 percent of annual reports, provide yearly training to State and county staff to detect unreported foreign-held land, and report findings to States and Congress.

*Authorizes $2.0 million per year for fiscal years 2025 through 2030 to fund the audits, training, reporting, and research called for in the bill.*

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

3 provisions identified: 3 benefits, 0 costs, 0 mixed.

More audits and training on foreign land

The Agriculture Department would audit at least 10% of foreign-ownership farmland reports each year to check accuracy and completeness. The Secretary could work with other federal agencies during these audits. The Department would train State and county staff each year to spot unreported foreign-held farmland. It would also study foreign leasing, shell-company purchases, and foreign roles in farm production. A report to Congress would be due within 180 days after enactment and every year after.

USDA funding to enforce farmland rules

The bill would authorize $2 million per year for fiscal years 2025 through 2030 to run the foreign farmland reporting and enforcement work. This money could support enforcement, audits, training, and research at USDA.

Tough penalties for foreign shell farmland owners

If enacted, foreign-owned shell corporations that hold U.S. farmland would face a civil penalty equal to 100% of the land interest’s fair market value, set on the assessment date. A shell company means an entity with no or nominal operations. The penalty would not apply if the company fixes a missing or defective filing within 60 days after the Secretary’s notice.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Perez, Marie Gluesenkamp [D-WA-3]

WA • D

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-2]

    MI • R

    Sponsored 2/26/2025

  • Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-1]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 3/4/2025

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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