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119-hr-3544119th Congress

Supreme Court Tenure Establishment and Retirement Modernization Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Representative Johnson, Henry C. "Hank" [D-GA-4]

Introduced

Summary

Fixed 18-year terms for Supreme Court justices and a timed appointment regime would rewrite who serves, how long they serve, and how vacancies get filled. It would also let retired justices be chosen by a public, randomized process to temporarily restore the Court’s active membership.

Show full summary
  • New appointees would serve a regular active-service term of 18 years from their swearing in and then be deemed retired. Current justices on the enactment date would be moved to retired status in order of longest service as new justices are commissioned.
  • The President would nominate one justice in the first and third years after a presidential election. The Senate would be required to act on a nomination within 90 days and on a replacement nomination within 120 days if the initial nominee is withdrawn or disapproved.
  • If the number of non-retired active justices falls below the statutory baseline, the Chief Justice would run a public, randomized process to pick a retired justice to serve until the Court returns to that baseline number.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

1 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.

New Supreme Court appointment rules

If enacted, the President would have to make a Supreme Court nomination in the first and third years after a Presidential election. The Senate would have to act on each nomination within 90 days. If a nomination is withdrawn or rejected, the President would send another name and the Senate would act within 120 days. Each new justice would serve 18 years of active service starting the day they are sworn in. After 18 years they would be treated as retired from regular active service. Justices serving when the law takes effect would be deemed retired in order of longest service as each new justice is commissioned. If the Court has fewer active justices than the statute requires, the Chief Justice would pick a retired justice by a public, randomized process to serve temporarily until enough active justices serve.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Johnson, Henry C. "Hank" [D-GA-4]

GA • D

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Mannion, John W. [D-NY-22]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 9/28/2026

  • Rep. Simon, Lateefah [D-CA-12]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 9/28/2026

  • Rep. Hoyle, Val T. [D-OR-4]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 11/2/2026

  • Rep. Raskin, Jamie [D-MD-8]

    MD • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Auchincloss, Jake [D-MA-4]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Balint, Becca [D-VT-At Large]

    VT • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Barragán, Nanette Diaz [D-CA-44]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Carson, André [D-IN-7]

    IN • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Casar, Greg [D-TX-35]

    TX • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Chu, Judy [D-CA-28]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Clarke, Yvette D. [D-NY-9]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5]

    MO • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Crockett, Jasmine [D-TX-30]

    TX • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Davis, Danny K. [D-IL-7]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Dean, Madeleine [D-PA-4]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3]

    CT • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. DelBene, Suzan K. [D-WA-1]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Deluzio, Christopher R. [D-PA-17]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Evans, Dwight [D-PA-3]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Foushee, Valerie P. [D-NC-4]

    NC • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Frost, Maxwell [D-FL-10]

    FL • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. García, Jesús G. "Chuy" [D-IL-4]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Goldman, Daniel S. [D-NY-10]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Himes, James A. [D-CT-4]

    CT • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Huffman, Jared [D-CA-2]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Jayapal, Pramila [D-WA-7]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Khanna, Ro [D-CA-17]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Krishnamoorthi, Raja [D-IL-8]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Landsman, Greg [D-OH-1]

    OH • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Lee, Summer L. [D-PA-12]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Levin, Mike [D-CA-49]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Lieu, Ted [D-CA-36]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Mfume, Kweisi [D-MD-7]

    MD • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Mullin, Kevin [D-CA-15]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Nadler, Jerrold [D-NY-12]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large]

    DC • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria [D-NY-14]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Omar, Ilhan [D-MN-5]

    MN • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Pingree, Chellie [D-ME-1]

    ME • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Pressley, Ayanna [D-MA-7]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Ramirez, Delia C. [D-IL-3]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Ryan, Patrick [D-NY-18]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Salinas, Andrea [D-OR-6]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Scanlon, Mary Gay [D-PA-5]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Schakowsky, Janice D. [D-IL-9]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Smith, Adam [D-WA-9]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Stansbury, Melanie A. [D-NM-1]

    NM • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Takano, Mark [D-CA-39]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Thanedar, Shri [D-MI-13]

    MI • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Tlaib, Rashida [D-MI-12]

    MI • D

    Sponsored 5/21/2025

  • Rep. Sorensen, Eric [D-IL-17]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 7/25/2025

  • Rep. Friedman, Laura [D-CA-30]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 7/25/2025

  • Rep. DeSaulnier, Mark [D-CA-10]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 9/30/2025

  • Rep. Dexter, Maxine [D-OR-3]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 9/30/2025

  • Rep. Leger Fernandez, Teresa [D-NM-3]

    NM • D

    Sponsored 9/30/2025

  • Rep. Amo, Gabe [D-RI-1]

    RI • D

    Sponsored 10/22/2026

  • Rep. Blair, Everton [D-GA-13]

    GA • D

    Sponsored 10/26/2026

  • Rep. Morelle, Joseph D. [D-NY-25]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 12/9/2025

  • Rep. Dingell, Debbie [D-MI-6]

    MI • D

    Sponsored 12/9/2025

  • Rep. Min, Dave [D-CA-47]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 1/22/2026

  • Rep. Espaillat, Adriano [D-NY-13]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 2/20/2026

  • Rep. Kamlager-Dove, Sydney [D-CA-37]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 2/25/2026

  • Rep. Vargas, Juan [D-CA-52]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 4/9/2026

  • Rep. Gottheimer, Josh [D-NJ-5]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 4/9/2026

  • Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]

    TN • D

    Sponsored 4/23/2026

  • Rep. Gomez, Jimmy [D-CA-34]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 4/23/2026

  • Rep. Craig, Angie [D-MN-2]

    MN • D

    Sponsored 4/23/2026

  • Rep. Mejia, Analilia [D-NJ-11]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 4/27/2026

  • Rep. Tonko, Paul [D-NY-20]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 4/28/2026

  • Rep. McBride, Sarah [D-DE-At Large]

    DE • D

    Sponsored 4/28/2026

  • Rep. McGovern, James P. [D-MA-2]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 5/13/2026

  • Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 5/13/2026

  • Rep. Castor, Kathy [D-FL-14]

    FL • D

    Sponsored 5/13/2026

  • Rep. Torres, Ritchie [D-NY-15]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 5/13/2026

  • Rep. Randall, Emily [D-WA-6]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 5/15/2026

  • Rep. Sherman, Brad [D-CA-32]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 5/19/2026

  • Rep. Ansari, Yassamin [D-AZ-3]

    AZ • D

    Sponsored 5/19/2026

  • Rep. Adams, Alma S. [D-NC-12]

    NC • D

    Sponsored 5/19/2026

  • Rep. Casten, Sean [D-IL-6]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 5/26/2026

  • Rep. Watson Coleman, Bonnie [D-NJ-12]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 6/15/2026

  • Rep. Latimer, George [D-NY-16]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/15/2026

  • Rep. Garcia, Robert [D-CA-42]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/15/2026

  • Rep. Green, Al [D-TX-9]

    TX • D

    Sponsored 6/29/2026

  • Rep. Magaziner, Seth [D-RI-2]

    RI • D

    Sponsored 6/29/2026

  • Rep. Waters, Maxine [D-CA-43]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 7/13/2026

  • Rep. Larsen, Rick [D-WA-2]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 7/13/2026

  • Rep. Menefee, Christian D. [D-TX-18]

    TX • D

    Sponsored 7/13/2026

  • Rep. Goodlander, Maggie [D-NH-2]

    NH • D

    Sponsored 7/27/2026

  • Rep. Lofgren, Zoe [D-CA-18]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 8/10/2026

  • Rep. Lynch, Stephen F. [D-MA-8]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 8/10/2026

  • Rep. Wilson, Frederica S. [D-FL-24]

    FL • D

    Sponsored 8/31/2026

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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