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119-hr-5760119th Congress

PASS Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Representative Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21]

Introduced

Summary

Tightening foreign control of U.S. agricultural land and companies.

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The PASS Act of 2025 would expand national-security screening to cover investments in agricultural businesses and the purchase or lease of private farm real estate, add the Secretary of Agriculture to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, and set a prohibition-and-waiver regime for certain foreign countries.

  • Farmers and agricultural businesses: Would face new CFIUS reviews for investments and for sales or leases of private agricultural real estate, and transactions could be blocked if a covered foreign person would gain control.
  • Foreign investors: Persons tied to China, the Russian Federation, Iran, or North Korea would be designated as covered foreign persons and could be barred from controlling or investing in U.S. agricultural firms or land.
  • Federal oversight and national security: The Secretary of Agriculture would join CFIUS and must submit risk reports every 180 days. The President must prohibit covered transactions unless a case-by-case waiver is granted and reported at least 30 days after the waiver determination.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

2 provisions identified: 2 benefits, 0 costs, 0 mixed.

Tougher reviews and bans on foreign farm deals

This bill would expand federal reviews of foreign deals in U.S. agriculture. The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States would review foreign purchases, leases, or concessions of private U.S. farm land, plus investments in farm or ag biotech businesses. If the committee finds a deal gives a covered foreign person control of, or an investment in, a U.S. farm business or farm land, the President would have to block it. The President could waive this only case by case if it is vital to national security, and at least 30 days after reporting to Congress. Covered foreign persons would include people or companies tied to China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea. “Agriculture” would use the definition in the Fair Labor Standards Act. The new reviews would apply to deals proposed or pending on or after enactment; other changes would take effect at enactment.

Agriculture Secretary joins investment reviews

This bill would add the Agriculture Secretary to the federal team that reviews foreign investment deals. This would bring farm expertise to reviews of foreign deals in farm land and agriculture businesses. The change would take effect at enactment.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21]

NY • R

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Crawford, Eric A. "Rick" [R-AR-1]

    AR • R

    Sponsored 10/14/2025

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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