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119-hr-6179119th CongressWALLET

Clean Cloud Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Representative Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]

Introduced

Summary

Creates emissions-based fees and mandatory electricity reporting for large data centers and cryptomining facilities. This bill would require annual facility and utility data collection and would charge fees when a facility's electricity emissions exceed regional baselines, with baselines tightening through 2035.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

5 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 3 costs, 2 mixed.

Higher fees for data centers and cryptomining

If enacted, the bill would impose annual fees on owners of covered facilities and the utilities that serve them starting January 1, 2026. A facility fee would be its grid kWh times a base dollar amount times how much the facility's emissions intensity exceeds the regional baseline. The base is $20 in 2026 and is adjusted each year starting in 2027 by the CPI‑U percent change plus $10. The agency would notify owners by January 31 each year and fees would be due by March 31 the following year. Utilities could not pass the fee to non‑covered customers, and the agency could fine a utility twice any amount it improperly recoups. The bill would also allow fees on behind‑the‑meter generation when the program’s rules apply.

Tighter regional grid emissions limits

If enacted, the Administrator would publish each region's greenhouse‑gas intensity by December 31, 2025. That published number would be the baseline for calendar year 2026. For 2027 through 2034 each year's baseline would fall by 11% of the 2026 baseline. For 2035 and later the baseline would be set to zero metric tons CO2‑equivalent per kWh.

New rules for counting facility emissions

If enacted, EPA (with EIA) would calculate each facility's greenhouse‑gas intensity for grid electricity and behind‑the‑meter power. Behind‑the‑meter, contracted generation, and retired energy attribute certificates would count only if they meet specific tests. Tests include commercial operation within 36 months of facility start, risk of retirement, prevention of curtailment, certain uprate or retrofit rules, timing rules (same calendar year before 2028; same hour after 2027), electrical delivery in the same region, and exclusive retirement of matching certificates.

Which facilities and greenhouse gases count

If enacted, a 'covered facility' would mean a data center or cryptomining facility with more than 100 kilowatts of installed IT nameplate power. 'Data center' and 'electric utility' are defined by reference to existing laws. 'Region' would use the DOE National Transmission Needs Study (Oct. 30, 2023). The bill lists covered greenhouse gases and requires using methane's 20‑year global warming potential from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report.

Annual reporting for covered facilities

If enacted, EPA and the Energy Information Administration would collect annual facility and utility data starting in 2026. Reported items would include location, facility type, owner, serving utility, total grid and behind‑the‑meter electricity used, resource shares by source, PPA terms, and utilities' rate histories. The agencies would publish facility and aggregate owner information each year but treat some consumption numbers as confidential business information.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9]

TN • D

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Castor, Kathy [D-FL-14]

    FL • D

    Sponsored 11/20/2025

  • Rep. Dean, Madeleine [D-PA-4]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 11/20/2025

  • Rep. Goldman, Daniel S. [D-NY-10]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 11/20/2025

  • Rep. Jayapal, Pramila [D-WA-7]

    WA • D

    Sponsored 11/20/2025

  • Rep. Morrison, Kelly [D-MN-3]

    MN • D

    Sponsored 11/20/2025

  • Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large]

    DC • D

    Sponsored 11/20/2025

  • Rep. Quigley, Mike [D-IL-5]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 11/20/2025

  • Rep. Pingree, Chellie [D-ME-1]

    ME • D

    Sponsored 12/11/2025

  • Rep. Olszewski, Johnny [D-MD-2]

    MD • D

    Sponsored 1/8/2026

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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