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119-s-2070119th Congress

Insurrection Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Senator Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT]

Introduced

Summary

This bill would create a tightly limited federal military authority for domestic unrest. It would replace existing Insurrection Act language with new sections 251–259 and set narrow triggers, strict time limits, and civil rights safeguards for deploying forces during insurrection, rebellion, or widespread domestic violence.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

5 provisions identified: 4 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.

Short time limits and Congress review

If enacted, any use of this authority would end 7 days after the President's proclamation unless Congress acts. If Congress enacts a joint resolution, authority could continue for 14 days from that enactment. Further continuation would require another enacted joint resolution or a new proclamation reporting material changed facts. Congress would use expedited procedures to vote. If the authority ends, unused reprogrammed funds must be returned and related contracts would be ended, while pending legal claims from before the end would be preserved.

When and how troops may deploy

If enacted, the President could order reserve and active forces to help stop an insurrection, widespread violence, or obstruction. Deployments would be allowed only when state and local authorities and federal civilian law enforcement cannot handle the problem. The President would be required to consult Congress when possible, issue a proclamation ordering dispersal, and send a written report with legal and readiness certifications. Forces would operate under the military chain of command and standing rules and could not be used to suspend habeas corpus or break federal law. The bill would treat Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands as "States" for these rules.

Voting rights trigger and limits

If enacted, obstruction of voting rights under the Voting Rights Act could be a trigger for federal deployment. Deployments for voting‑rights problems would have to follow special statutory limits meant to protect the right to vote. The bill says the State would be considered to have denied equal protection in those situations.

Who can sue over deployments

If enacted, anyone injured by, or with a credible fear of injury from, the use of the armed forces under this chapter would be able to seek judicial review in federal court. This includes individuals, organizations, and States or local governments that can show injury or a credible threat.

Limits on Guard training duty use

If enacted, Guard members who are on duty under Title 32 U.S.C. 502(a) or 502(f) would not be allowed to be used to suppress insurrections, quell domestic violence, or enforce the law. The bill would also make a technical change to Title 32 to reference the new Title 10 authority, clarifying how the laws interact.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT]

CT • D

Cosponsors

  • Sen. Warren, Elizabeth [D-MA]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Baldwin, Tammy [D-WI]

    WI • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Padilla, Alex [D-CA]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Schiff, Adam B. [D-CA]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Van Hollen, Chris [D-MD]

    MD • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Hirono, Mazie K. [D-HI]

    HI • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Slotkin, Elissa [D-MI]

    MI • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Sanders, Bernard [I-VT]

    VT • I

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]

    DE • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Welch, Peter [D-VT]

    VT • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Kim, Andy [D-NJ]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Hickenlooper, John W. [D-CO]

    CO • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Warner, Mark R. [D-VA]

    VA • D

    Sponsored 6/12/2025

  • Sen. Kelly, Mark [D-AZ]

    AZ • D

    Sponsored 6/17/2025

  • Sen. Reed, Jack [D-RI]

    RI • D

    Sponsored 6/17/2025

  • Sen. Gallego, Ruben [D-AZ]

    AZ • D

    Sponsored 6/23/2025

  • Sen. Shaheen, Jeanne [D-NH]

    NH • D

    Sponsored 9/8/2025

  • Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 10/21/2025

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

View on Congress.gov
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