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119-s-2205119th Congress

Equal Representation Act

Sponsored By: Senator Hagerty, Bill [R-TN]

Introduced

Summary

This bill would add a citizenship checkbox to the decennial census and change how seats are counted by using citizen-only population counts. It ties apportionment and Electoral College totals to those citizen counts starting with the 2030 census.

Show full summary
  • Households: The census questionnaire used in 2030 and every decennial census thereafter would include a checkbox for each person to indicate U.S. citizenship.
  • States and elections: Apportionment would exclude noncitizens when assigning Representatives and Electoral College votes, applying to the apportionment based on the 2030 census and later censuses.
  • Data and legal effects: The Secretary must publish state totals disaggregated by citizens and noncitizens within 120 days after each census is completed. The bill includes a severability clause to keep other provisions in force if part is found unconstitutional.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

2 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 0 costs, 2 mixed.

Census adds citizenship question

This bill would require the Census Bureau to add a citizenship checkbox starting with the 2030 census. The Census would ask about citizenship for every household member. The Secretary would publish state counts of citizens and noncitizens within 120 days after each decennial census. Noncitizen households could worry about privacy or avoid the census. Researchers and governments would get new citizenship-disaggregated data.

Noncitizens excluded from apportionment

If enacted, the bill would stop counting noncitizens when allocating House seats and Electoral Votes. The change would apply starting with apportionment based on the 2030 census and every decennial census after. States with more citizens could gain Representatives or Electoral Votes. States with large noncitizen populations could lose seats or Electoral Votes.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Hagerty, Bill [R-TN]

TN • R

Cosponsors

  • Sen. Marshall, Roger [R-KS]

    KS • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID]

    ID • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Sheehy, Tim [R-MT]

    MT • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Justice, James C. [R-WV]

    WV • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID]

    ID • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Tuberville, Tommy [R-AL]

    AL • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Budd, Ted [R-NC]

    NC • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Cramer, Kevin [R-ND]

    ND • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Johnson, Ron [R-WI]

    WI • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Daines, Steve [R-MT]

    MT • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY]

    WY • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Ricketts, Pete [R-NE]

    NE • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Hoeven, John [R-ND]

    ND • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Lee, Mike [R-UT]

    UT • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Schmitt, Eric [R-MO]

    MO • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Britt, Katie Boyd [R-AL]

    AL • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Lankford, James [R-OK]

    OK • R

    Sponsored 6/29/2025

  • Sen. Moody, Ashley [R-FL]

    FL • R

    Sponsored 10/16/2025

  • Sen. McCormick, David [R-PA]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 11/19/2025

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

View on Congress.gov
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