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119-s-2938119th CongressWALLET

Artificial Intelligence Risk Evaluation Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Senator Hawley, Josh [R-MO]

In Committee

Summary

This bill would create a mandatory Department of Energy (DOE)-led testing program for advanced artificial intelligence and force covered developers to submit models and data. It aims to produce empirical risk data to guide Congress and to explore strict oversight options, including licensing or nationalization if testing shows existential threats.

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  • Developers and companies: Covered AI system developers would have to join the Program and provide code, training data, model weights, and other system details on request. Deployment would be barred unless compliant and violations carry penalties of at least $1,000,000 per day.
  • Federal policymakers and agencies: DOE would be required to stand up the Advanced Artificial Intelligence Evaluation Program quickly, produce a comprehensive oversight plan within 360 days, and update it yearly. The Program must offer standardized and classified testing, red-team adversarial evaluations, and formal risk reports to inform rules and standards.
  • Public safety and national security: Testing would focus on loss-of-control, weaponization, threats to infrastructure, civil liberties, and labor markets. The Program must develop containment, mitigation, and contingency options and recommend regulatory paths up to nationalization if warranted.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

2 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 1 costs, 1 mixed.

New rules and big fines for AI firms

If enacted, people who design, own, or substantially change advanced AI systems would have to join the DOE evaluation program and provide materials on request. The program could require source code, training data, model weights, architectures, and detailed training information. You could not deploy an advanced AI system in interstate or foreign commerce unless you comply. A person who breaks the participation or deployment rules would face at least $1,000,000 in civil fines for each day of violation. The bill would also treat people who start a model training run as covered developers.

DOE national AI testing program

If enacted, the Department of Energy would start an Advanced Artificial Intelligence Evaluation Program within 90 days. The program would run standardized and classified tests, adversarial red-team attacks, and independent assessments of very large AI systems. The bill would call an AI "advanced" if trained with more than 10^26 operations and would let the Secretary propose a new definition only if Congress approves it. The Secretary would give Congress a detailed oversight recommendation within 360 days and update it yearly. The program would end seven years after enactment unless Congress renews it.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Hawley, Josh [R-MO]

MO • R

Cosponsors

  • Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT]

    CT • D

    Sponsored 9/29/2025

  • Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

    TN • R

    Sponsored 3/19/2026

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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