HR18119th Congress

Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2025

Sponsored By: Representative Thompson (CA)

Introduced

Summary

Expands background checks to most private firearm transfers. This bill would require unlicensed sellers to have a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer take possession of a firearm and run the federal background check before transferring it, while listing targeted exceptions.

Show full summary
  • Families: Certain loans and bona fide gifts between specified family members would be exempt if the transferor has no reason to believe the recipient is prohibited from possessing firearms.
  • Private sellers and dealers: Unlicensed sellers would need a licensee to take possession and process the transaction as dealer inventory so the existing background-check system applies.
  • Licensed-dealer paperwork: Licensees would have to give buyers a written notice and get a signed certification on a form the Attorney General prescribes.
  • Law enforcement and short-term use: The bill carves out exceptions for law enforcement, armed private security, military on duty, estate transfers, emergency transfers to prevent imminent harm, and temporary transfers at ranges or for hunting when the seller is present.
  • Administration and state authority: It would require the Attorney General to provide forms in English and Spanish and affirms it does not authorize a national firearms registry and preserves state lawmaking on the same subject.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

4 provisions identified: 3 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.

Background checks for most private gun sales

If enacted, most private gun transfers would need to go through a licensed dealer. The dealer would take the gun first, run the background check, give the buyer a required notice, and get a signed form. The Justice Department would provide these forms and notices in English and Spanish. If the sale falls through, the dealer could return the gun to the seller without it counting as a transfer. Penalties that apply to other background‑check violations would also apply here. These rules would start 180 days after enactment.

Exceptions for family, ranges, and emergencies

If enacted, some private transfers would not need a dealer. Gifts or loans within close family (like spouses, parents and children, siblings, aunts/uncles and nieces/nephews, and grandparents and grandchildren) would be allowed if the giver has no reason to think the recipient is banned or will commit a crime. On‑duty law enforcement, armed security, and service members would be excepted. Temporary transfers to stop imminent harm, estate transfers after death, and Attorney General‑approved transfers would be allowed. Short‑term loans at a range, for legal hunting or fishing with required licenses, or while you stay with the owner would also be allowed. These exceptions would start 180 days after enactment.

No national gun registry allowed

If enacted, the bill would not allow a national gun registry. Agencies would be barred from creating one under this bill. This would take effect upon enactment.

States keep power on gun rules

If enacted, the bill would not block states from making their own gun laws on this topic. States could still pass and enforce their own rules. This would take effect upon enactment.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Thompson (CA)

CA • D

Cosponsors

  • Rep. Foushee, Valerie P. [D-NC-4]

    NC • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Friedman

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Frost, Maxwell [D-FL-10]

    FL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Garamendi, John [D-CA-8]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Garcia, Sylvia R. [D-TX-29]

    TX • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-1]

    PA • R

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Aguilar

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Amo, Gabe [D-RI-1]

    RI • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Ansari, Yassamin [D-AZ-3]

    AZ • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Auchincloss

    MA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Balint, Becca [D-VT-At Large]

    VT • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Barragan

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Beatty, Joyce [D-OH-3]

    OH • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Bell, Wesley [D-MO-1]

    MO • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Bera, Ami [D-CA-6]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Beyer, Donald S. [D-VA-8]

    VA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Bishop

    GA • D

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  • Bonamici

    OR • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Boyle, Brendan F. [D-PA-2]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Brown, Shontel M. [D-OH-11]

    OH • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Brownley, Julia [D-CA-26]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Budzinski

    IL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Bynum, Janelle S. [D-OR-5]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Carbajal, Salud O. [D-CA-24]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Carson

    IN • D

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  • Rep. Carter, Troy A. [D-LA-2]

    LA • D

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  • Rep. Casar, Greg [D-TX-35]

    TX • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Case, Ed [D-HI-1]

    HI • D

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  • Casten

    IL • D

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  • Rep. Castor, Kathy [D-FL-14]

    FL • D

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  • Castro (TX)

    TX • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Cherfilus-McCormick

    FL • D

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  • Rep. Chu, Judy [D-CA-28]

    CA • D

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  • Cisneros

    CA • D

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  • Clark (MA)

    MA • D

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  • Rep. Clarke, Yvette D. [D-NY-9]

    NY • D

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  • Rep. Cleaver, Emanuel [D-MO-5]

    MO • D

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  • Clyburn

    SC • D

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  • Conaway

    NJ • D

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  • Rep. Correa, J. Luis [D-CA-46]

    CA • D

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  • Costa

    CA • D

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  • Rep. Courtney, Joe [D-CT-2]

    CT • D

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  • Craig

    MN • D

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  • Crockett

    TX • D

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  • Crow

    CO • D

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  • Rep. Davids, Sharice [D-KS-3]

    KS • D

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  • Davis (IL)

    IL • D

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  • Rep. Dean, Madeleine [D-PA-4]

    PA • D

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  • Rep. DeGette, Diana [D-CO-1]

    CO • D

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  • Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3]

    CT • D

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  • DelBene

    WA • D

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  • Rep. Deluzio, Christopher R. [D-PA-17]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. DeSaulnier, Mark [D-CA-10]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Dexter, Maxine [D-OR-3]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Dingell, Debbie [D-MI-6]

    MI • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Doggett, Lloyd [D-TX-37]

    TX • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Elfreth

    MD • D

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  • Escobar

    TX • D

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  • Espaillat

    NY • D

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  • Rep. Evans, Dwight [D-PA-3]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Fields, Cleo [D-LA-6]

    LA • D

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  • Fletcher

    TX • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Foster, Bill [D-IL-11]

    IL • D

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  • Rep. Frankel, Lois [D-FL-22]

    FL • D

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  • Rep. García, Jesús G. "Chuy" [D-IL-4]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Gillen, Laura [D-NY-4]

    NY • D

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  • Rep. Goldman, Daniel S. [D-NY-10]

    NY • D

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  • Gomez

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Gonzalez, V.

    TX • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Goodlander, Maggie [D-NH-2]

    NH • D

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  • Rep. Gottheimer, Josh [D-NJ-5]

    NJ • D

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  • Rep. Green, Al [D-TX-9]

    TX • D

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  • Rep. Harder, Josh [D-CA-9]

    CA • D

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  • Rep. Hayes, Jahana [D-CT-5]

    CT • D

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  • Himes

    CT • D

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  • Rep. Horsford, Steven [D-NV-4]

    NV • D

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  • Rep. Houlahan, Chrissy [D-PA-6]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Hoyer

    MD • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Hoyle, Val T. [D-OR-4]

    OR • D

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  • Rep. Garcia, Robert [D-CA-42]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. McGarvey, Morgan [D-KY-3]

    KY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • McGovern

    MA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. McIver, LaMonica [D-NJ-10]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Meeks, Gregory W. [D-NY-5]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ-8]

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Mfume

    MD • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Min, Dave [D-CA-47]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Moore, Gwen [D-WI-4]

    WI • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Morelle, Joseph D. [D-NY-25]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Morrison, Kelly [D-MN-3]

    MN • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Moskowitz, Jared [D-FL-23]

    FL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Moulton, Seth [D-MA-6]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Mrvan

    IN • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Mullin

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Nadler, Jerrold [D-NY-12]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Neal

    MA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Neguse, Joe [D-CO-2]

    CO • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Norcross

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Del. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large]

    DC • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Ocasio-Cortez

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Olszewski, Johnny [D-MD-2]

    MD • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Omar, Ilhan [D-MN-5]

    MN • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Pallone

    NJ • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Panetta, Jimmy [D-CA-19]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Pappas, Chris [D-NH-1]

    NH • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Pelosi

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Peters

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Pettersen, Brittany [D-CO-7]

    CO • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Pingree

    ME • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Del. Plaskett, Stacey E. [D-VI-At Large]

    VI • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Pocan, Mark [D-WI-2]

    WI • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Pressley, Ayanna [D-MA-7]

    MA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Quigley, Mike [D-IL-5]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Ramirez, Delia C. [D-IL-3]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Raskin, Jamie [D-MD-8]

    MD • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Riley (NY)

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Rivas, Luz M. [D-CA-29]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Ross, Deborah K. [D-NC-2]

    NC • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Ruiz, Raul [D-CA-25]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Ryan, Patrick [D-NY-18]

    NY • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Salinas, Andrea [D-OR-6]

    OR • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Sánchez, Linda T. [D-CA-38]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Scanlon, Mary Gay [D-PA-5]

    PA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Schakowsky

    IL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Schneider, Bradley Scott [D-IL-10]

    IL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Scholten, Hillary J. [D-MI-3]

    MI • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Schrier

    WA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Scott (VA)

    VA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Scott, David

    GA • D

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  • Sewell

    AL • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Sherman, Brad [D-CA-32]

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Sherrill

    NJ • D

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  • Simon

    CA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Smith (WA)

    WA • D

    Sponsored 6/10/2025

  • Rep. Sorensen, Eric [D-IL-17]

    IL • D

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  • Soto

    FL • D

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  • Stansbury

    NM • D

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  • Rep. Stanton, Greg [D-AZ-4]

    AZ • D

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  • Rep. Stevens, Haley M. [D-MI-11]

    MI • D

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  • Rep. Strickland, Marilyn [D-WA-10]

    WA • D

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  • Rep. Subramanyam, Suhas [D-VA-10]

    VA • D

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  • Rep. Suozzi, Thomas R. [D-NY-3]

    NY • D

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  • Rep. Huffman, Jared [D-CA-2]

    CA • D

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  • Ivey

    MD • D

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  • Jackson (IL)

    IL • D

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    CA • D

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    WA • D

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    NY • D

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  • Johnson (GA)

    GA • D

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  • Rep. Johnson, Julie [D-TX-32]

    TX • D

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    CA • D

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    OH • D

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  • Keating

    MA • D

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  • Rep. Kelly, Robin L. [D-IL-2]

    IL • D

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  • Kennedy (NY)

    NY • D

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    CA • D

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    IL • D

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    OH • D

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    WA • D

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    CT • D

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  • Rep. Latimer, George [D-NY-16]

    NY • D

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    NV • D

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  • Rep. Lee, Summer L. [D-PA-12]

    PA • D

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  • Rep. Leger Fernandez, Teresa [D-NM-3]

    NM • D

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  • Levin

    CA • D

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  • Liccardo

    CA • D

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    CA • D

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    CA • D

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    MA • D

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    RI • D

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    NY • D

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    CA • D

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    GA • D

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    DE • D

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    MD • D

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  • McClellan

    VA • D

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    MN • D

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    MI • D

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    NM • D

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  • Rep. Velázquez, Nydia M. [D-NY-7]

    NY • D

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    TX • D

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    VA • D

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    FL • D

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    CA • D

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    NJ • D

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  • Rep. Williams, Nikema [D-GA-5]

    GA • D

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  • Wilson (FL)

    FL • D

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  • Cohen

    TN • D

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  • Randall

    WA • D

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  • Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17]

    NY • R

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    NJ • D

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  • Adams

    NC • D

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    CA • D

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    AL • D

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    CA • D

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    OH • D

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    CA • D

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    MI • D

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  • Thompson (MS)

    MS • D

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  • Rep. Titus, Dina [D-NV-1]

    NV • D

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  • Rep. Tlaib, Rashida [D-MI-12]

    MI • D

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    HI • D

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    NY • D

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    CA • D

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    NY • D

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    MA • D

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    CA • D

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    IL • D

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    CA • D

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    AZ • D

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    VA • D

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  • Rep. Menefee, Christian D. [D-TX-18]

    TX • D

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Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

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