HJRES3119th CongressWALLET

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to balancing the budget.

Sponsored By: Representative Buchanan

Introduced

Summary

This joint resolution would add a constitutional article that enforces strict caps on federal spending tied to GDP. It pairs that cap with supermajority rules for tax increases and debt-limit changes and requires the President to propose a budget that fits those limits.

Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

5 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 0 costs, 4 mixed.

War or conflict waivers to caps

If ratified, Congress could waive the spending caps and debt‑limit rule during war or a serious military threat. With a declared war, a simple majority in each House could approve a specific excess by roll‑call vote. For other imminent, serious military threats, three‑fifths in each House would need to approve. Any waiver must be limited to the extra spending needed for that conflict. This would start in the fifth fiscal year after ratification.

Debt limit hikes need three-fifths

If ratified, raising the federal debt limit would require a three‑fifths roll‑call vote in each House. This higher bar would start in the fifth fiscal year after ratification.

Spending capped to receipts and GDP

If ratified, yearly federal spending would be capped at the smaller of two numbers. One is total receipts for the year, not counting borrowing. The other is 18% of last year’s U.S. GDP. Congress could go over a limit only with a two‑thirds roll‑call vote in each House for a stated amount. The President would also have to send a budget that stays within these limits. “Receipts” would exclude borrowing, and “outlays” would exclude debt principal payments. These rules would start in the fifth fiscal year after ratification.

New taxes need two-thirds votes

If ratified, any new federal tax or law that raises total revenue would need a two‑thirds roll‑call vote in each House. Raising a tax rate would count toward this rule. Revenue that rises because a tax rate is lowered would not count. This would start in the fifth fiscal year after ratification.

Congress enforces, courts can’t raise taxes

If ratified, Congress could pass laws to enforce these fiscal rules and use estimates of receipts, outlays, and GDP. Courts could not order revenue increases to enforce the article. These rules would start in the fifth fiscal year after ratification.

Sponsors & CoSponsors

Sponsor

Buchanan

FL • R

Cosponsors

  • Fine

    FL • R

    Sponsored 6/11/2025

Roll Call Votes

No roll call votes available for this bill.

View on Congress.gov

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