All Roll Calls
Yes: 233 • No: 6
MichiganHB 40472025-2026 Regular SessionHouseWALLET
Civil procedure: civil actions; cause of action for media that falsely depicts an individual engaging in sexual conduct; provide for. Creates new act. Last Action: assigned PA 11'25 with immediate effect
Sponsored By: Sponsor information unavailable
Signed by Governor
Civil procedure: civil actionsCivil procedure: remediesCrimes: obscenity
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
3 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 1 costs, 1 mixed.
Sexual deepfake victims gain lawsuit rights
Effective immediately, you or your representative can sue someone who creates or shares a qualifying nonconsensual sexual deepfake of you. It must realistically show your intimate parts or a sexual act and identify you directly or through accompanying personal information. The person must know or reasonably be expected to know it will cause physical, emotional, reputational, or financial harm. Conduct intended to harass, extort, threaten, or harm also qualifies. You can seek payment for financial losses, emotional harm, the defendant’s profits, court costs, and reasonable lawyer fees. Courts can order the conduct stopped and material removed or contained; violations carry fines up to $1,000 per day. Your claim starts when you discover the deepfake, and courts can allow confidential filings or a substitute name. You can file where you or the defendant lives, or where the deepfake was produced, reproduced, or stored. Consent is a defense only through a plain-language agreement you knowingly and freely signed that specifically describes the intimate depiction. When relevant, that agreement must also describe the audiovisual work using it. Defenses cover specified lawful investigations, prosecutions, reports of unlawful conduct, treatment, and legal proceedings. Public-interest use requires good faith, clear deepfake labeling, and steps to prevent further sharing; protected treatment also requires safeguards against further sharing. Other civil claims remain available.
Sexual deepfake creators face criminal penalties
Effective immediately, intentionally creating or sharing a qualifying harmful sexual deepfake is a crime. It must realistically show an identifiable person’s intimate parts or a sexual act. The offender must know or reasonably be expected to know it will cause physical, emotional, reputational, or financial harm. A misdemeanor carries up to 1 year in prison, a $3,000 fine, or both. A felony carries up to 3 years in prison, a $5,000 fine, or both. Felony triggers include financial loss to the victim, intent to profit, or intent to harass, extort, threaten, or harm. Running a deepfake creation or sharing service, posting the deepfake on a website, or a prior related conviction also triggers felony penalties. Consent is a defense only through a knowing, voluntary, signed plain-language agreement specifically describing the intimate depiction and any relevant audiovisual work. Defenses cover specified lawful investigations, prosecutions, reports of unlawful conduct, treatment, and legal proceedings. Public-interest use requires good faith, clear deepfake labeling, and steps to prevent further sharing; protected treatment also requires safeguards against further sharing. Prosecution under other laws remains available.
Provider protections limit some deepfake claims
Effective immediately, specified online services, mobile and radio services, telecommunications networks, and broadband providers gain protection from liability under this law. The protection covers carrying or providing access to content made by someone else, limiting victims’ claims against these providers. Deepfake tool providers and developers qualify only when their tools are not designed, marketed, or deployed for nonconsensual sexual deepfakes. Their terms of service must also ban explicit deepfake content. These protections do not remove claims against people who create or share the content.
Sponsors & Cosponsors
Sponsors
There is no primary sponsor on record.
Cosponsors
There are no cosponsors for this bill.
Roll Call Votes
House vote • 8/19/2025
roll call
Yes: 97 • No: 5 • Other: 8
Senate vote • 8/13/2025
PASSED; GIVEN IMMEDIATE EFFECT
Yes: 32 • No: 0 • Other: 5
House vote • 4/24/2025
passed; given immediate effect
Yes: 104 • No: 1 • Other: 5
Actions Timeline
assigned PA 11'25 with immediate effect
8/26/2025Housefiled with Secretary of State 08/26/2025 01:37 PM
8/26/2025Houseapproved by the Governor 08/26/2025 01:16 PM
8/26/2025Housepresented to the Governor 08/21/2025 09:30 AM
8/21/2025Housebill ordered enrolled
8/19/2025Houseroll call Roll Call #174 Yeas 97 Nays 5 Excused 0 Not Voting 8
8/19/2025HouseSenate substitute (S-3) concurred in
8/19/2025Houselaid over one day under the rules
8/13/2025Housereturned from Senate with substitute (S-3) with immediate effect
8/13/2025HousePASSED; GIVEN IMMEDIATE EFFECT ROLL CALL # 209 YEAS 32 NAYS 0 EXCUSED 5 NOT VOTING 0
8/13/2025SenatePLACED ON IMMEDIATE PASSAGE
8/13/2025SenateRULES SUSPENDED
8/13/2025SenatePLACED ON ORDER OF THIRD READING WITH SUBSTITUTE (S-3)
8/13/2025SenateSUBSTITUTE (S-3) CONCURRED IN
8/13/2025SenateREPORTED BY COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE FAVORABLY WITH SUBSTITUTE (S-3)
8/13/2025SenateRULES SUSPENDED FOR IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATION
8/13/2025SenateREFERRED TO COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE WITH SUBSTITUTE (S-1)
8/13/2025SenateREPORTED FAVORABLY WITH SUBSTITUTE (S-1) 8/12/2025
8/13/2025SenateREFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON CIVIL RIGHTS, JUDICIARY, AND PUBLIC SAFETY
4/29/2025SenatePASSED BY HOUSE WITH IMMEDIATE EFFECT
4/29/2025Housetransmitted
4/24/2025Housepassed; given immediate effect Roll Call #69 Yeas 104 Nays 1 Excused 0 Not Voting 5
4/24/2025Houseread a third time
4/24/2025Houseplaced on third reading
4/23/2025Housesubstitute (H-3) adopted
4/23/2025House
Bill Text
Public Act
8/26/2025
As Passed by the House
8/19/2025
House Concurred
8/19/2025
As Passed by the Senate
8/13/2025
Introduced
1/30/2025
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