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Michigan Constitution, Article I

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Michigan/Constitution

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Article I, Declaration of Rights

28 sections · 0 paragraphs in this article.

All articles264 Art. I28 Art. II10 Art. III8 Art. IV54 Art. V30 Art. VI30 Art. VII34 Art. VIII9 Art. IX43 Art. X6 Art. XI8 Art. XII4

28 provisions·Filtered byArt. I✕

Mich. Const. art. I, § 1 Political power
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All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for their equal benefit, security and protection. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 1, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 1.
Mich. Const. art. I, § 2 Equal protection; discrimination
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No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of his civil or political rights or be discriminated against in the exercise thereof because of religion, race, color or national origin. The legislature shall implement this …
Mich. Const. art. I, § 3 Assembly, consultation, instruction, petition
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The people have the right peaceably to assemble, to consult for the common good, to instruct their representatives and to petition the government for redress of grievances. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 3, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 2.
Mich. Const. art. I, § 4 Freedom of worship and religious belief; appropriations
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Every person shall be at liberty to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience. No person shall be compelled to attend, or, against his consent, to contribute to the erection or support of any place of religious worship, or to pay tithes, taxes or other rates for…

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Mich. Const. art. I, § 5 Freedom of speech and of press

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Every person may freely speak, write, express and publish his views on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of such right; and no law shall be enacted to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 5, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Form…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 6 Bearing of arms

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Every person has a right to keep and bear arms for the defense of himself and the state. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 6, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 5.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 7 Military power subordinate to civil power

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Sec. 7 The military shall in all cases and at all times be in strict subordination to the civil power. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 7, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 6.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 8 Quartering of soldiers

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No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner or occupant, nor in time of war, except in a manner prescribed by law. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 8, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 7.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 9 Slavery and involuntary servitude

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Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude unless for the punishment of crime, shall ever be tolerated in this state. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 9, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 8.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 10 Attainder; ex post facto laws; impairment of contracts

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No bill of attainder, ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of contract shall be enacted. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 10, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 9.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 11 Searches and seizures

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The person, houses, papers, possessions, electronic data, and electronic communications of every person shall be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures. No warrant to search any place or to seize any person or things or to access electronic data or electronic communicatio…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 12 Habeas corpus

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The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 12, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 11.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 13 Conduct of suits in person or by counsel

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A suitor in any court of this state has the right to prosecute or defend his suit, either in his own proper person or by an attorney. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 13, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 12.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 14 Jury trials

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The right of trial by jury shall remain, but shall be waived in all civil cases unless demanded by one of the parties in the manner prescribed by law. In all civil cases tried by 12 jurors a verdict shall be received when 10 jurors agree. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 14, Eff. …

Mich. Const. art. I, § 15 Double jeopardy; bailable offenses; commencement of trial if bail denied; bail hearing; effective date

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No person shall be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy. All persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except that bail may be denied for the following persons when the proof is evident or the presumption great: (a) A person who, wi…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 16 Bail; fines; punishments; detention of witnesses

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Excessive bail shall not be required; excessive fines shall not be imposed; cruel or unusual punishment shall not be inflicted; nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 16, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 15…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 17 Self-incrimination; due process of law; fair treatment at investigations

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No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law. The right of all individuals, firms, corporations and voluntary associations to fair and just treatment in the course of le…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 18 Witnesses; competency, religious beliefs

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No person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness on account of his opinions on matters of religious belief. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 18, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 17.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 19 Libels, truth as defense

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In all prosecutions for libels the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and, if it appears to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true and was published with good motives and for justifiable ends, the accused shall be acquitted. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § …

Mich. Const. art. I, § 20 Rights of accused in criminal prosecutions

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In every criminal prosecution, the accused shall have the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, which may consist of less than 12 jurors in prosecutions for misdemeanors punishable by imprisonment for not more than 1 year; to be informed of the nature of the ac…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 21 Imprisonment for debt

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No person shall be imprisoned for debt arising out of or founded on contract, express or implied, except in cases of fraud or breach of trust. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 21, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964. Former constitution: See Const. 1908, Art. II, § 20.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 22 Treason; definition, evidence

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Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against it or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless upon the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or on confession in open court. History: Con…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 23 Enumeration of rights not to deny others

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The enumeration in this constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. History: Const. 1963, Art. I, § 23, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964.

Mich. Const. art. I, § 24 Rights of crime victims; enforcement; assessment against convicted defendants

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(1) Crime victims, as defined by law, shall have the following rights, as provided by law: The right to be treated with fairness and respect for their dignity and privacy throughout the criminal justice process. The right to timely disposition of the case following arrest of the …

Mich. Const. art. I, § 25 Marriage

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To secure and preserve the benefits of marriage for our society and for future generations of children, the union of one man and one woman in marriage shall be the only agreement recognized as a marriage or similar union for any purpose. History: Add. Init., approved Nov. 2, 2004…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 26 Affirmative action programs

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(1) The University of Michigan, Michigan State University, Wayne State University, and any other public college or university, community college, or school district shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, s…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 27 Human embryo and embryonic stem cell research

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(1) Nothing in this section shall alter Michigan’s current prohibition on human cloning. (2) To ensure that Michigan citizens have access to stem cell therapies and cures, and to ensure that physicians and researchers can conduct the most promising forms of medical research in th…

Mich. Const. art. I, § 28 Right to reproductive freedom

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(1) Every individual has a fundamental right to reproductive freedom, which entails the right to make and effectuate decisions about all matters relating to pregnancy, including but not limited to prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum care, contraception, sterilization, abortion …