Producer
JSC TENEX (Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation)
TENEX is the commercial arm of Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation for uranium enrichment services and nuclear fuel exports. TENEX is responsible for enrichment contracts with Western utilities and has historically supplied ~35–40% of enrichment services consumed by US and European nuclear power plants, and approximately 40% of global enrichment capacity when combined with ROSATOM's domestic operations. TENEX operates centrifuge enrichment cascades at four Russian sites (Novouralsk, Zelenogorsk, Seversk, Angarsk) with total capacity ~26.5 million SWU/year — the world's largest enrichment capacity under a single organization. Subject to US Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act (signed May 13, 2024), prohibiting Russian LEU imports into the US from August 2024 (with waiver period through January 2028).
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Uranium Enrichment Services (SWU)
60%Nuclear Fuel Supply
25%Uranium Trading & Other
15%
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Did you know2023
TENEX/Rosatom enrichment services power civilian nuclear plants in the US and Europe -- providing roughly 25% of US nuclear fuel enrichment as of 2023 -- while Rosatom's isotope separation technology simultaneously maintains Russia's military nuclear weapons infrastructure and develops HALEU (High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium) for next-generation reactors including military submarine fuel. Western utilities buying TENEX enrichment services funded the Russian state nuclear enterprise that operates both civilian commercial enrichment AND Russia's nuclear weapons program through shared physical infrastructure and workforce. The US Congress passed legislation in 2024 banning Russian uranium imports, but implemented delayed phase-ins recognizing US nuclear plants' dependence on TENEX supply -- making Western civilian nuclear energy security demonstrably entangled with Russian military nuclear infrastructure in ways that took decades to develop and cannot be quickly unwound.
World Nuclear Association ↗Origin2023
TENEX (Techsnabexport, JSC) was created in 1963 during the Soviet era as the foreign trade enterprise for exporting nuclear materials, initially uranium and enrichment services to socialist bloc countries and eventually to Western utilities. The company name abbreviated 'Technical and Scientific Export' (Tekhnicheskiy i Nauchnyy Eksport). TENEX became commercially significant to Western markets under the 1993 'Megatons to Megawatts' program, where Russia agreed to downblend 500 metric tonnes of highly enriched uranium (HEU) from dismantled Soviet nuclear weapons into reactor fuel for US power plants. Under this program, approximately 10% of US electricity was powered by former Soviet nuclear warheads converted into fuel through TENEX and USEC. The program ran from 1993-2013 and consumed the equivalent of 20,000 nuclear warheads. After its completion, TENEX continued commercial enrichment contracts with Western utilities, and Russia supplied approximately 25-35% of US uranium enrichment until 2024 sanctions.
JSC TENEX (Rosatom) ↗