mineral · input

Coke and Flux Reagents (silica, lime) for Smelting

Metallurgical coke, silica, and lime used to form slag and regulate smelter chemistry in electric arc furnaces. Sourced domestically or regionally in South Africa and Russia.

6

Source countries

5

Companies

1

Goods affected

0

Claims on record

What depends on it

Goods that need this input

1 essential American goods rely on coke and flux reagents (silica, lime) for smelting somewhere upstream in their supply chain.

Where it comes from

Source countries

Share of global supply, by country.

CountryShare of supply
CNChina66%
INIndia6%
JPJapan5%
RURussia4%
KRSouth Korea3%
PLPoland2%

Who makes it

Supplier companies

5 companies produce coke and flux reagents (silica, lime) for smelting.

SunCoke Energy, Inc.(SXC)

HQ US18% share

Largest independent producer of metallurgical (blast-furnace) coke in the Americas; cokemaking and logistics for steel/metal smelting.

Lhoist Group

HQ BE15% share

World's largest lime producer (family-owned); lime, dolomite and high-purity limestone for glass, steel and environmental uses.

Carmeuse Group

HQ BE12% share

Belgian family-owned global lime & limestone producer; high-calcium and dolomitic limestone for glass, steel, flue-gas and construction.

ArcelorMittal(MT)

HQ LU

World's #2 steel producer; operates 3 US coke plants (as part of integrated steel mills in Indiana) that produce coal tar as a mandatory byproduct of the coking process. Coal tar is the raw material for creosote (railroad tie preservative). ArcelorMittal entered long-term coal tar supply agreements with Koppers Holdings through 2026. While ArcelorMittal does not make railroad ties, it is a critical upstream input supplier for the creosote that treats them. The 3 ArcelorMittal coke plants at Indiana Harbor (East Chicago IN), Burns Harbor (Portage IN), and Cleveland OH are primary US coal tar sources for the railroad industry.

U.S. Silica(SLCA)

HQ US

Largest US producer of commercial silica products including glass-grade sand; mines in Illinois, West Virginia, Texas. Supplies flat glass producers, container glass, and oil & gas (frac sand). Acquired by Apollo Global Management 2024 (take-private).