§3552 — Title 18 Crimes and Criminal Procedure | U.S. Code

Summary

A United States probation officer must investigate a defendant when Rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure requires it and must give the court a report before the judge imposes a sentence. If the court needs more information, it can order a study of the defendant. The study should be done in the local community by qualified consultants unless the judge finds a strong reason to use the Bureau of Prisons or there are no local professionals. The study period is no more than 60 days and the court can extend it one time for up to another 60 days. The court’s order must say what extra information it wants. For administrative purposes, the order is treated as a provisional prison term equal to the offense’s maximum under section 3581(b). The Bureau or consultants must give a written report with findings and recommendations, including which Sentencing Commission guidelines (under 28 U.S.C. 994(a)) they think apply, and then the court will finally sentence the defendant. If the court wants more information about the defendant’s mental health, it may order a psychiatric or psychological exam and report like the one allowed under section 4244(b). The court must give the presentence report to the defendant, the defendant’s lawyer, and the government at least 10 days before sentencing unless the defendant waives that time. The court must also give the government a copy to help collect any assessment, fine, forfeiture, or restitution.

Title 18, §3552

Crimes and Criminal Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)A United States probation officer shall make a presentence investigation of a defendant that is required pursuant to the provisions of Rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, and shall, before the imposition of sentence, report the results of the investigation to the court.

(b)If the court, before or after its receipt of a report specified in subsection (a) or (c), desires more information than is otherwise available to it as a basis for determining the sentence to be imposed on a defendant found guilty of a misdemeanor or felony, it may order a study of the defendant. The study shall be conducted in the local community by qualified consultants unless the sentencing judge finds that there is a compelling reason for the study to be done by the Bureau of Prisons or there are no adequate professional resources available in the local community to perform the study. The period of the study shall be no more than sixty days. The order shall specify the additional information that the court needs before determining the sentence to be imposed. Such an order shall be treated for administrative purposes as a provisional sentence of imprisonment for the maximum term authorized by section 3581(b) for the offense committed. The study shall inquire into such matters as are specified by the court and any other matters that the Bureau of Prisons or the professional consultants believe are pertinent to the factors set forth in section 3553(a). The period of the study may, in the discretion of the court, be extended for an additional period of not more than sixty days. By the expiration of the period of the study, or by the expiration of any extension granted by the court, the United States marshal shall, if the defendant is in custody, return the defendant to the court for final sentencing. The Bureau of Prisons or the professional consultants shall provide the court with a written report of the pertinent results of the study and make to the court whatever recommendations the Bureau or the consultants believe will be helpful to a proper resolution of the case. The report shall include recommendations of the Bureau or the consultants concerning the guidelines and policy statements, promulgated by the Sentencing Commission pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 994(a), that they believe are applicable to the defendant’s case. After receiving the report and the recommendations, the court shall proceed finally to sentence the defendant in accordance with the sentencing alternatives and procedures available under this chapter.

(c)If the court, before or after its receipt of a report specified in subsection (a) or (b) desires more information than is otherwise available to it as a basis for determining the mental condition of the defendant, the court may order the same psychiatric or psychological examination and report thereon as may be ordered under section 4244(b) of this title.

(d)The court shall assure that a report filed pursuant to this section is disclosed to the defendant, the counsel for the defendant, and the attorney for the Government at least ten days prior to the date set for sentencing, unless this minimum period is waived by the defendant. The court shall provide a copy of the presentence report to the attorney for the Government to use in collecting an assessment, criminal fine, forfeiture or restitution imposed.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–647 inserted at end “The court shall provide a copy of the presentence report to the attorney for the Government to use in collecting an assessment, criminal fine, forfeiture or restitution imposed.” 1986—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–646, § 7(a)(1), (2), substituted “study shall be” for “study shall take” and inserted “, if the defendant is in custody,” after “United States marshal shall”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–646, § 7(a)(3), substituted “the court may order the same psychiatric or psychological examination and report thereon as may be ordered under section 4244(b) of this title” for “it may order that the defendant undergo a psychiatric or psychological examination and that the court be provided with a written report of the results of the examination pursuant to the provisions of section 4247”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101–647 effective 180 days after Nov. 29, 1990, see section 3631 of Pub. L. 101–647, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 3001 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Effective Date

of 1986 Amendment Pub. L. 99–646, § 7(b), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3593, provided that: “The

Amendments

made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the taking effect of section 3552 of title 18, United States Code [Nov. 1, 1987].”

Effective Date

Section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of this section, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as a note under section 3551 of this title. Use of Certain Technology To Facilitate Criminal Conduct Pub. L. 104–294, title V, § 501, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3497, provided that: “(a) Information.—The Administrative Office of the United States courts shall establish policies and procedures for the inclusion in all presentence reports of information that specifically identifies and describes any use of encryption or scrambling technology that would be relevant to an enhancement under section 3C1.1 (dealing with Obstructing or Impeding the Administration of Justice) of the Sentencing Guidelines or to offense conduct under the Sentencing Guidelines. “(b) Compiling and Report.—The United States Sentencing Commission shall—“(1) compile and analyze any information contained in documentation described in subsection (a) relating to the use of encryption or scrambling technology to facilitate or conceal criminal conduct; and “(2) based on the information compiled and analyzed under paragraph (1), annually report to the Congress on the nature and extent of the use of encryption or scrambling technology to facilitate or conceal criminal conduct.”

§3552 Presentence Reports

Summary

Title 18, §3552

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Amendments

Effective Date

Citations & Metadata