PRIA, Government Policy, Made Personal

Summary

The United States must tell its representatives at each international development bank to push hard for strong environmental and energy policies. The Treasury Secretary, working with the State Secretary, must hold talks with other OECD governments and report to Congress by March 1, 1993. Treasury must also require U.S. directors at the banks to press those banks to meet clear benchmarks in four areas and report progress to Congress on March 1, 1993 and March 1, 1994. The four areas are: sustainable energy (use least-cost planning that counts energy efficiency, renewables, and environmental costs; shift a large share of loans to efficiency and renewables; create specialist staff positions), forest conservation (no support for commercial logging or major loss of undisturbed primary tropical forests; require sustainability rules and safeguards, made with local people, before loans; respect indigenous rights; increase biodiversity protection), forced displacement (major banks must list all projects that displace people, report numbers and resettlement status, and bring them into compliance by mid-1993; the African Development Bank must adopt similar rules), and environmental impact assessment (make draft and final reports public with chances to comment, apply assessments to sector and structural adjustment loans, include global impacts, and have environmental unit heads decide the needed analysis). USAID must keep running its Global Warming Initiative and have missions use strategies that cut greenhouse gases while allowing development, like forest conservation, efficiency, least-cost planning, and renewables. At least $650,000,000 must go to environment and energy work. Within that total there are specific minimums: at least $20,000,000 for biodiversity (including $5,000,000 for Parks in Peril, $1,500,000 for the NSF international biodiversity program, $750,000 for the Neotropical Bird Conservation Initiative, and up to $2,000,000 for Project Noah), at least $15,000,000 for renewable energy projects with at least five new activities in fiscal year 1993, at least $7,000,000 for elephant conservation, at least $25,000,000 for USAID’s Office of Energy, and up to $50,000,000 for a Forests for the Future Initiative and a Global Forest Agreement. Additional targeting includes $50,000,000 for the Global Environment Facility, $10,000,000 total for CORECT and related renewable-energy groups, $55,000,000 for Global Warming Initiative work, permission to use Development Assistance and Africa fund money for environment/energy staff costs, and at least $15,000,000 for conservation and biodiversity programs in Africa.

Title 22, §262l–3

Foreign Relations and Intercourse, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Instructions to Executive Directors of Multilateral Development Banks

It is the policy of the United States that sustainable economic growth must be predicated on the sustainable management of natural resources. The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of each multilateral development bank (MDB) to continue to promote vigorously the environmental and energy initiatives established in section 533(a) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101–513). The Secretary of the Treasury, in cooperation with the Secretary of State, shall also undertake direct, bilateral discussions with appropriate officials of the governments of the member nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development with a goal of building greater international support for the environmental goals established in subsection (d) of this section. The Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to the Committees on Appropriations by March 1, 1993, which describes the progress of these bilateral discussions.

(b)Report to Congress

The Secretary of the Treasury shall, not later than March 1, 1993, submit a report to the Congress containing the same information as requested in section 533(b) of Public Law 101–513.

(c)Improved environmental performance; benchmarks

(1)In furtherance of the policies contained in section 533(a) of Public Law 101–513 and section 1308 of the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–240), and as a basis for measuring more effectively progress by the MDBs toward improved environmental performance, the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Directors of the MDBs to encourage each MDB, at a minimum, to meet the benchmarks established in paragraph (2) in the areas of sustainable energy development, forest conservation, forced displacement of populations, and environmental impact assessment. On March 1, 1993 and March 1, 1994, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit a report to the Congress describing in detail the progress being made by the MDBs in meeting these benchmarks.

(2)For the purposes of paragraph (1), benchmarks are as follows:

(A)In the area of sustainable energy development—

(i)all loans in the energy sector should be based on, or support development of, “least-cost” integrated resource plans. Such plans shall include analyses of possible end-use energy efficiency measures and nonconventional renewable energy options, and such plans shall reflect the quantifiable environmental costs of proposed energy developments;

(ii)a substantial portion of loans and grants in the energy, industry, and transportation sectors shall be devoted to end-use energy efficiency improvements and nonconventional renewable energy development; and

(iii)all organizational units within the MDBs should create staff positions in a management role in end-use efficiency and renewable energy, which positions shall be staffed by individuals with professional experience in program design and management and educational degrees in relevant technical disciplines.

(B)In the area of forest conservation—

(i)forestry loans should not support commercial logging in relatively undisturbed primary forests, nor should loans result in any significant loss of tropical forests;

(ii)forestry loans should not be disbursed until legal, economic, land tenure, and other policy conditions needed to ensure sustainability are in place;

(iii)loans should not support mineral, petroleum, or other industrial development in, or construction or upgrading of roads through, relatively undisturbed primary forests unless adequate safeguards and monitoring systems, developed in consultation with local populations, are already in place to prevent degradation of the surrounding forests;

(iv)loans should be consistent with and support the needs and rights of indigenous peoples and other long-term forest inhabitants and should not be made to countries which have shown an unwillingness to resolve fairly the territorial claims of such people; and

(v)support for protection of biological diversity, in close consultation with local communities, should be increased to account for a larger proportion of MDB lending.

(C)In the area of forced displacement of populations—

(i)the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and Asian Development Bank should maintain a listing, available to the Secretary of the Treasury, of all ongoing projects involving forced displacement of populations, including the number of people displaced and a report on the status of the implementation of their resettlement policy guidelines for each such project, and obtain agreements with borrowers to ensure that all ongoing projects involving forced displacement will be in full compliance with their resettlement policy guidelines by mid-1993; and

(ii)the African Development Bank should adopt and implement policy guidelines on forced displacement similar to such guidelines of the other MDBs.

(D)In the area of procedures for environmental impact assessment (EIA)—

(i)each MDB should require that draft and final EIA reports be made available to the public in borrowing and donor countries and that the public be offered timely opportunities for comment on the EIA process, including initial scoping sessions, review of EIA categories assigned to individual projects, and opportunities to comment on draft and final EIA reports;

(ii)each MDB should apply EIA requirements to all sector loans and develop and apply the methodology for environmental assessment of structural adjustment loans;

(iii)each MDB should require that the EIA process include analyses of the potential impacts of proposed projects on the global environment; and

(iv)each MDB should require the head of the appropriate environmental unit, rather than project officers, determine the appropriate type of environmental analysis required under the bank’s EIA procedures.

(d)Global Warming Initiative

The Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall instruct all Agency missions and bureaus to continue to implement all elements of the “Global Warming Initiative” as defined in, and which may continue under, the authorities of section 533(c)(1) through (4) of Public Law 101–513. The Initiative shall continue to emphasize the need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases through strategies consistent with continued economic development, such as forest conservation, end-use energy efficiency, least-cost energy planning, and renewable energy development. The Administrator shall direct Agency mission directors to incorporate these strategies in their country programs.

(e)Environment and energy activities

Of the funds appropriated by this Act under the headings in title II of this Act under “Agency for International Development”, not less than $650,000,000 shall be made available for environment and energy activities, including funds earmarked under section 533 of this Act, including the following—

(1)Not less than $20,000,000 of the aggregate of the funds appropriated to carry out the provisions of sections 103 through 106 and chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151a–2151d; 2293 et seq.] shall be made available for biological diversity activities, of which $5,000,000 shall be made available for the Parks in Peril project pursuant to the authority of section 119(b) of that Act [22 U.S.C. 2151q(b)]; $1,500,000 shall be for the National Science Foundation’s international biological diversity program; $750,000 shall be for the Neotropical Bird Conservation Initiative of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; and up to $2,000,000 shall be for Project Noah;

(2)Not less than $15,000,000 of the funds appropriated for the Development Assistance Fund and to carry out the provisions of chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.] shall be made available to support replicable renewable energy projects, and the Agency for International Development shall initiate at least five significant new activities in renewable energy during fiscal year 1993;

(3)Not less than $7,000,000 of the funds appropriated for the Development Assistance Fund and to carry out the provisions of chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.] shall be made available for assistance in support of elephant conservation and preservation;

(4)Not less than $25,000,000 of the funds appropriated for the Development Assistance Fund shall be made available for the Office of Energy of the Agency for International Development; and

(5)Up to $50,000,000 of the funds appropriated to carry out the provisions of chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.] may be made available to carry out the “Forests for the Future Initiative” and to achieve a Global Forest Agreement.

(f)International development and economic support

Of the funds appropriated by this Act to carry out the provisions of part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.; 2346 et seq.], the Agency for International Development should, to the extent feasible and inclusive of funds earmarked under subsection (e) of this section, target assistance for the following activities:

(1)$50,000,000 for projects associated with the Global Environment Facility;

(2)a total of $10,000,000 for CORECT, the Environmental Technology Export Council, and the International Fund for Renewable Energy Efficiency; and

(3)$55,000,000 for activities consistent with the Global Warming Initiative.

(g)Development Assistance Fund and Development Fund for Africa

Funds appropriated by this Act or any subsequent Act for the Development Assistance Fund and the Development Fund for Africa may be used for expenses (including related support costs) relating to the environment and energy sectors, of individuals detailed to or employed by the Agency for International Development, particularly those involved with the “Global Warning Initiative” described in this subsection.

(h)Conservation and biological diversity in Africa

Of the funds appropriated by this Act to carry out the provisions of section 2763 of this title, not less than $15,000,000 shall be made available to countries in Africa for programs which support conservation and biological diversity.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

section 533 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), (c)(1), and (d), is section 533 of Pub. L. 101–513, which was formerly classified to section 262l of this title. section 1308 of the International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–240), referred to in subsec. (c)(1), probably means a reference to the section 1308 of Pub. L. 95–118, the International Financial Institutions Act, which was added by section 521 of Pub. L. 101–240, and subsequently renumbered section 1307 of Pub. L. 95–118 by section 541(f)(4) of Pub. L. 101–240, and is classified to section 262m–7 of this title. Pub. L. 101–240 does not contain a section 1308. This Act, referred to in subsecs. (e) to (h), is Pub. L. 102–391, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1633, known as the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1993. Provisions under the headings in title II of this Act under “Agency for International Development” appear at 106 Stat. 1638 et seq. and are not classified to the Code except for an undesignated par. that was formerly set out as a note under section 2151u of this title. section 533 of the Act is not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsecs. (e)(1) to (3), (5) and (f), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Part I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 2151 et seq.) of chapter 32 of this title. For provisions deeming references to subchapter I to include parts IV (§ 2346 et seq.), VI (§ 2348 et seq.), and VIII (§ 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32, see section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and section 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title. Sections 103 to 106 of the Act are classified to section 2151a to 2151d of this title. For provisions deeming references to sections 2151a to 2151d of this title to include a reference to section 2293 of this title, see section 2293(d)(1) of this title. Chapter 10 of part I of the Act is classified generally to part X (§ 2293 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 32 of this title. Chapter 4 of part II of the Act is classified generally to part IV (§ 2346 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables. Codification Section is from the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1993. Section was formerly classified to section 262l of this title.

§262l–3 Environmental and Energy Initiatives; Benchmarks; Global Warming Initiative; Appropriations