Title 42The Public Health and WelfareRelease 119-73not60

§16274 Nuclear Science and Engineering Support

Title 42 › Chapter 149— NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY AND PROGRAMS › Subchapter IX— RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT › Part E— Nuclear Energy › § 16274

Last updated Apr 5, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Secretary must run a program to build up people and facilities in nuclear science, nuclear engineering, radiochemistry, and health physics that support the Department’s civilian nuclear work. The program must fund student fellowships (including time at National Laboratories), grants to help junior university faculty start research, university education and research support, partnerships between colleges, labs, industry and unions, and outreach and communication. It must also fund professor sabbaticals at National Laboratories and visiting scientist exchanges. The Secretary may also pay to convert research reactors to low-enriched fuel, upgrade instruments and infrastructure, form regional university consortia to share reactors and technical support, train students with industry on relicensing and upgrades, and fund reactor improvements for research and training. Up to $55,000,000 a year is authorized for fiscal years 2023–2027 for infrastructure revitalization and university consortia. The Secretary must also run an Advanced Nuclear Research Infrastructure Enhancement Subprogram to test advanced reactor and microreactor ideas, build medical isotope production reactors, and add other research facilities. That subprogram may create no more than four new research reactors and other needed facilities. New reactors must not use high‑enriched uranium. New facilities should support the regional consortia and encourage participation by historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal colleges, minority‑serving institutions, EPSCoR universities, and junior or community colleges. Fuel services for those reactors will be expanded. Authorized funding for that subprogram is $45,000,000 (FY2023), $60,000,000 (FY2024), $65,000,000 (FY2025), $80,000,000 (FY2026), and $140,000,000 (FY2027). A related program will give project management, technical, inspection, and nuclear material support to university research reactors, with $20,000,000 authorized for each of FY2021–2025. The Department should try to set aside 20% of its annual nuclear energy R&D funds (except for the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program) for open, competitive university-led research and infrastructure. Funding may pay part of a university research reactor’s operating and maintenance costs. Definitions: junior faculty = doctorate earned less than 10 years earlier; junior/community college = mainly associate-degree public schools or Tribal colleges; EPSCoR university = schools in eligible states for the EPSCoR program; historically Black college or university = Part B institutions; minority‑serving institution = various federal MSI types; Tribal college = tribal college or university. The Secretary must also run a traineeship program that gives competitive, focused training awards with universities and partners (labs, colleges, trade schools, apprenticeships, industry) to meet Department workforce needs, including in union-represented industries; $5,000,000 is authorized each year for FY2023–2027.

Full Legal Text

Title 42, §16274

The Public Health and Welfare — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)The Secretary shall conduct a program to invest in human resources and infrastructure in the nuclear sciences and related fields, including health physics, nuclear engineering, and radiochemistry, consistent with missions of the Department related to civilian nuclear research, development, demonstration, and commercial application.
(2)In carrying out the program under this subsection, the Secretary shall—
(A)conduct a graduate and undergraduate fellowship program to attract new and talented students, which may include fellowships for students to spend time at National Laboratories in the areas of nuclear science, engineering, and health physics with a member of the National Laboratory staff acting as a mentor;
(B)conduct a junior faculty research initiation grant program to assist universities in recruiting and retaining new faculty in the nuclear sciences and engineering by awarding grants to junior faculty for research on issues related to nuclear energy engineering and science;
(C)support fundamental nuclear sciences, engineering, and health physics research through a nuclear engineering education and research program;
(D)promote collaborations, partnerships, and knowledge sharing between institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, other Federal agencies, industry, and associated labor unions; and
(E)support communication and outreach related to nuclear science, engineering, and health physics.
(3)The Secretary shall conduct—
(A)a fellowship program for professors at universities to spend sabbaticals at National Laboratories in the areas of nuclear science and technology; and
(B)a visiting scientist program in which National Laboratory staff can spend time in academic nuclear science and engineering departments.
(4)(A)In carrying out the program under this subsection, the Secretary may support—
(i)converting research reactors from high-enrichment fuels to low-enrichment fuels and upgrading operational instrumentation;
(ii)revitalizing and upgrading existing nuclear science and engineering infrastructure that support the development of advanced nuclear technologies and applications;
(iii)regional or subregional university-led consortia to—
(I)broaden access to university research reactors;
(II)enhance existing university-based nuclear science and engineering infrastructure; and
(III)provide project management, technical support, quality engineering and inspections, manufacturing, and nuclear material support;
(iv)student training programs, in collaboration with the United States nuclear industry, in relicensing and upgrading reactors, including through the provision of technical assistance; and
(v)reactor improvements that emphasize research, training, and education, including through the Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education Program or any similar program.
(B)Of any amounts appropriated to carry out the program under this subsection, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph (A) $55,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
(5)(A)The Secretary shall carry out a subprogram to be known as the Advanced Nuclear Research Infrastructure Enhancement Subprogram in order to—
(i)demonstrate various advanced nuclear reactor and nuclear microreactor concepts;
(ii)establish medical isotope production reactors or other specialized applications; and
(iii)advance other research infrastructure that, in the determination of the Secretary, is consistent with the mission of the Department.
(B)In carrying out the subprogram, the Secretary shall establish—
(i)not more than 4 new research reactors; and
(ii)new nuclear science and engineering facilities, as required to address research demand and identified infrastructure gaps.
(C)New research reactors and facilities established under subparagraph (B) shall be established in a manner that—
(i)supports the regional or subregional consortia described in paragraph (4)(C); 11 So in original. Probably means “paragraph (4)(A)(iii)”. and
(ii)encourages the participation of—
(I)historically Black colleges and universities;
(II)Tribal colleges or universities;
(III)minority-serving institutions;
(IV)EPSCoR universities; and
(V)junior or community colleges.
(D)New research reactors established under subparagraph (B) shall not use high-enriched uranium, as defined in section 16281 of this title.
(E)The Research Reactor Infrastructure subprogram within the Radiological Facilities Management program of the Department, as authorized by paragraph (6), shall be expanded to provide fuel services to research reactors established by this paragraph.
(F)Of any amounts appropriated to carry out the program under this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the subprogram under this paragraph—
(i)$45,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
(ii)$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
(iii)$65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
(iv)$80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
(v)$140,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
(6)(A)The Secretary shall carry out a program under which the Secretary shall provide project management, technical support, quality engineering and inspection, and nuclear material handling support to research reactors located at universities.
(B)Of any amounts appropriated to carry out the program under this subsection, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the program under this paragraph $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
(7)In carrying out the programs under this section, the Department shall, to the maximum extent practicable, allocate 20 percent of funds appropriated to nuclear energy research and development programs annually, excluding funds appropriated for the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program of the Department, to fund university-led research and university infrastructure projects through an open, competitive solicitation process.
(8)Funding for a project provided under this subsection may be used for a portion of the operating and maintenance costs of a research reactor at a university used in the project.
(9)In this subsection:
(A)The term “junior faculty” means a faculty member who was awarded a doctorate less than 10 years before receipt of an award from the grant program described in paragraph (2)(B).
(B)The term “junior or community college” means—
(i)a public institution of high education, including additional locations, at which the highest awarded degree, or the predominantly awarded degree, is an associate degree; or
(ii)any Tribal college or university (as defined in section 1059c of title 20).
(C)The term “EPSCoR university” means an institution of higher education located in a State eligible to participate in the program defined in section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p note).
(D)The term “historically Black college or university” has the meaning given the term “part B institution” in section 1061 of title 20.
(E)The term “minority-serving institution” means a Hispanic-serving institution, an Alaska Native-serving institution, a Native Hawaiian-serving institution, a Predominantly Black Institution, an Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution, or a Native American-serving nontribal institution as described in section 1067q of title 20.
(F)The term “Tribal College or University” has the meaning given such term in section 1059c of title 20.
(b)(1)In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a nuclear energy traineeship subprogram under which the Secretary shall competitively award traineeships in coordination with universities to provide focused, advanced training to meet critical mission needs of the Department, including in industries that are represented by skilled labor unions.
(2)In carrying out the subprogram under this subsection, the Secretary shall—
(A)encourage appropriate partnerships among National Laboratories, affected universities, community colleges, trade schools, registered apprenticeship programs, pre-apprenticeship programs, and industry; and
(B)on an annual basis, evaluate the needs of the nuclear energy community to implement traineeships for focused topical areas addressing mission-specific workforce needs.
(A)22 So in original. There are two subpars. (A). Probably should be designated par. (3).In carrying out the subprogram under this subsection, the Secretary may implement traineeships in focus areas that, in the determination of the Secretary, are necessary to support the nuclear energy sector in the United States, including—
(i)research and development;
(ii)construction and operation;
(iii)associated supply chains; and
(iv)workforce training and retraining to support transitioning workforces.
(4)There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the subprogram under this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (a)(9)(C), is section 502 of Pub. L. 111–358, which is set out as a note under section 1862p of this title.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–31, § 3131(p)(2)(A), struck out “graduate” before “traineeship” in heading. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, § 3131(p)(2)(B), struck out “graduate” before “traineeship” and before “traineeships”. Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 118–31, § 3131(p)(2)(F), added subpar. (A) relating to focus areas. Amendment directing addition of subpar. (A) “after paragraph (2)” was executed by adding subpar. (A) at end of par. (2). Pub. L. 118–31, § 3131(p)(2)(C), inserted “community colleges, trade schools, registered apprenticeship programs, pre-apprenticeship programs,” after “affected universities,” in subpar. (A) relating to appropriate partnerships among National Laboratories. Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, § 3131(p)(2)(B), struck out “graduate” before “traineeships”. Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 118–31, § 3131(p)(2)(D), (E), substituted “2023 through 2027” for “2021 through 2025” in par. (3) and then redesignated par. (3) as (4). 2022—Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10743(1), amended subpar. (D) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (D) read as follows: “encourage collaborative nuclear research among industry, National Laboratories, and universities; and”. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10743(2), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In carrying out the program under this subsection, the Secretary may support— “(A) converting research reactors from high-enrichment fuels to low-enrichment fuels and upgrading operational instrumentation; “(B) consortia of universities to broaden access to university research reactors; “(C) student training programs, in collaboration with the United States nuclear industry, in relicensing and upgrading reactors, including through the provision of technical assistance; and “(D) reactor improvements that emphasize research, training, and education, including through the Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education Program or any similar program.” Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10744(2), added par. (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6) Subsec. (a)(5)(E), (F). Pub. L. 117–263 added subpar. (E) and redesignated former subpar. (E) as (F). Subsec. (a)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10744(1), resignated pars. (5) to (7) as (6) to (8), respectively. Former par. (8) redesignated (9). Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10744(1), (3), redesignated par. (8) as (9) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, par. defined “junior faculty”. 2021—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 117–58 inserted “, excluding funds appropriated for the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program of the Department,” after “annually”. 2020—Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(1), substituted “Nuclear” for “University nuclear” in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(10), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted heading. Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(9), added pars. (5) and (6). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(11), added subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(7), redesignated subsec. (b) as par. (2). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(2), substituted “this subsection” for “this section” in introductory provisions, redesignated pars. (1) to (5) as subpars. (A) to (E), respectively, and realigned margins. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(7), redesignated subsec. (c) as par. (3). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(3), redesignated pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and realigned margins. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(7), redesignated subsec. (d) as par. (4). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(4), substituted “this subsection” for “this section” in introductory provisions, redesignated pars. (1) to (4) as subpars. (A) to (D), respectively, and realigned margins. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(8), redesignated subsec. (e) as par. (7). Margins realigned to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(5), substituted “this subsection” for “this section”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(8), redesignated subsec. (f) as par. (8). Margins realigned to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 116–260, § 2003(c)(6), substituted “this subsection” for “this section” and “paragraph (2)(B)” for “subsection (b)(2)”. 2018—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 115–248 substituted “that emphasize” for “as part of a taking into consideration effort that emphasizes”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Purposes Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, § 10742, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1718, provided that: “The purposes of this subtitle [subtitle L (§§ 10741–10745) of title VI of div. B of Pub. L. 117–167, amending this section and section 16274a of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 15801 and 16274a of this title] are— “(1) to upgrade the nuclear research capabilities of universities in the United States to meet the research requirements of advanced nuclear energy systems; “(2) to ensure the continued operation of university research reactors; “(3) to coordinate available resources to enable the establishment, including the start and efficient completion of

Construction

, of new nuclear science and engineering facilities; and “(4) to support—“(A) workforce development critical to maintaining United States leadership in nuclear science and engineering and related disciplines; and “(B) the establishment or enhancement of nuclear science and engineering capabilities and other, related capabilities at historically Black colleges and universities, Tribal colleges or universities, minority-serving institutions, EPSCoR universities, junior or community colleges, and associate-degree-granting colleges.” [For definitions of terms used in section 10742 of div. B of Pub. L. 117–167, set out above, see section 18901 of this title.] Wage Rate RequirementsFor provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for

Construction

, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of Pub. L. 117–58, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

42 U.S.C. § 16274

Title 42The Public Health and Welfare

Last Updated

Apr 5, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60