All Roll Calls
Yes: 305 • No: 41
Sponsored By: Lashrecse D. Aird (Democratic)
Became Law
Wage garnishments; treasurers' liens for unpaid taxes and charges. Limits a treasurer's lien issued with respect to wages or salary to 25 percent of the delinquent taxpayer's disposable earnings in a single pay period. The 25 percent limitation shall not apply (i) if the lien issuer determines that the adjusted gross income of the delinquent taxpayer exceeds 250 percent of the poverty guideline amount adjusted for household size; (ii) if the treasurer determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that the delinquent taxpayer or the property assessed with such taxes is no longer in the jurisdiction, or the taxpayer is attempting to flee the jurisdiction or is improperly disposing of assets with the intent to hinder or delay the collection of the delinquent taxes; or (iii) to any portion of the delinquent obligation collected by the delinquent taxpayer and held in trust to remit to the local governing authority. This bill is identical to HB 1100.
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3 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 0 costs, 3 mixed.
The law makes state officers and employees repay any pay or payment they were not entitled to, unless they prove it was not their fault and they could not have known. People who authorize an improper payment knowing or should have known it was wrong are also liable. Employers must fix payroll records and can deduct up to 25% of disposable earnings to recover certain errors, including small mistaken reimbursements under $500 and good‑faith benefit under‑withholdings, or after a court ruling. If an employee leaves, disputes the debt, or recovery fails, the Attorney General sues to collect. These rules now apply to all state workers, but good‑faith Virginia Retirement System payments to beneficiaries are not recoverable.
Courts must use a standard garnishment form with a plain‑language notice about limits and common exceptions. For most debts, the most that can be taken each week is the lesser of 25% of disposable earnings or the amount above 40 times the higher of the federal or Virginia minimum wage. Support orders allow higher takes: up to 60% of disposable earnings (or 50% if you support another spouse or child), rising by 5% if garnished more than 12 weeks. Tax debts are not subject to the usual cap. You cannot be fired for one garnishment, wages exempt under the cap cannot be assigned, and banks do not calculate what part of a deposit is exempt.
If local taxes are over 30 days late, the treasurer can lien money or property others hold for you, including wages. Wage liens are capped at 25% of disposable earnings per pay period, unless your most recent AGI is over 250% of the poverty guideline, a court finds flight risk, or the funds are held in trust. You can give the treasurer proof that your current‑year AGI will be at or below 250% of the poverty guideline; once verified, the lien is limited to 25%. For state employees, at least the value of 40 hours at the Virginia minimum wage each week is protected, and payroll officers must certify and hold the liened amount. The person served may keep a $20 fee from liened funds, and courts can enforce payment if a served person does not comply.
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Lashrecse D. Aird
Democratic • Senate
There are no cosponsors for this bill.
All Roll Calls
Yes: 305 • No: 41
Senate vote • 4/22/2026
Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation
Yes: 39 • No: 0
House vote • 4/22/2026
House concurred in Governor's recommendation
Yes: 76 • No: 20
House vote • 2/23/2026
Passed House
Yes: 83 • No: 14
House vote • 2/18/2026
Reported from Courts of Justice
Yes: 15 • No: 7
Senate vote • 2/3/2026
Read third time and passed Senate Block Vote
Yes: 39 • No: 0
Senate vote • 2/2/2026
Committee substitute agreed to (Voice Vote)
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 1/30/2026
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 1/30/2026
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading)
Yes: 38 • No: 0
Senate vote • 1/28/2026
Reported from General Laws and Technology with substitute
Yes: 15 • No: 0
House concurred in Governor's recommendation (76-Y 20-N 0-A)
Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation (39-Y 0-N 0-A)
Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP1019)
Reenrolled bill text (SB597ER2)
Reenrolled
Approved by Governor-Chapter 1019 (effective 7/1/2026)
Signed by President
Signed by Speaker
Governor's recommendation adopted
Governor's recommendation received by Senate
Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026
Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 10, 2026
Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (2/26/2026 3:41 pm)
Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB597ER)
Enrolled
Signed by President
Signed by Speaker
Passed House (83-Y 14-N 0-A)
Read third time
Read second time
Reported from Courts of Justice (15-Y 7-N)
Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (2/18/2026 7:30 am)
Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
Read first time
Placed on Calendar
Chaptered
4/22/2026
Reenrolled
4/22/2026
Gov Recommendation
4/13/2026
Enrolled
2/24/2026
Substitute
1/29/2026
Substitute
1/28/2026
Introduced
1/14/2026
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