§2416 — Title 19 Customs Duties | U.S. Code

Summary

The U.S. Trade Representative must watch to make sure foreign countries follow any measures or agreements that settle a trade dispute or finish an investigation under this law. If the Trade Representative finds a country is not doing what it agreed, the Trade Representative must decide what further steps to take under section 2411(a). That decision is treated as a determination under section 2414(a)(1) for purposes of section 2411. If the issue comes from a World Trade Organization (WTO) recommendation, the Trade Representative must make that decision no later than 30 days after the “reasonable period of time” set under paragraph 21 of the WTO dispute rules ends. If the United States starts a retaliation list or other action under section 2411(c)(1)(A) or (B) because a country failed to implement a WTO recommendation, the Trade Representative must periodically revise the list to cover other goods, unless implementation is about to happen or the Trade Representative and the petitioner (or affected industry) agree a revision is not needed. The Trade Representative must review the list 120 days after the first action and every 180 days after that, and revise it as needed. When revising, the Trade Representative must act in a way most likely to get compliance or a mutually acceptable solution and must consult the petitioner. The retaliation list is the list of foreign products that face higher duties because the country failed to follow a WTO report. If action has ended under section 2417(c), the law lists three things that must happen for a request to reinstate action: a written request from the petitioner or industry representative, and completion of the steps described in subsection (d) and section 2417(c)(3). Before making any decision under the rules above, the Trade Representative must consult the petitioner and industry and let interested people give their views.

Title 19, §2416

Customs Duties — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The Trade Representative shall monitor the implementation of each measure undertaken, or agreement that is entered into, by a foreign country to provide a satisfactory resolution of a matter subject to investigation under this subchapter or subject to dispute settlement proceedings to enforce the rights of the United States under a trade agreement providing for such proceedings.

(b)(1)If, on the basis of the monitoring carried out under subsection (a), the Trade Representative considers that a foreign country is not satisfactorily implementing a measure or agreement referred to in subsection (a), the Trade Representative shall determine what further action the Trade Representative shall take under section 2411(a) of this title. For purposes of section 2411 of this title, any such determination shall be treated as a determination made under section 2414(a)(1) of this title.

(2)(A)If the measure or agreement referred to in subsection (a) concerns the implementation of a recommendation made pursuant to dispute settlement proceedings under the World Trade Organization, and the Trade Representative considers that the foreign country has failed to implement it, the Trade Representative shall make the determination in paragraph (1) no later than 30 days after the expiration of the reasonable period of time provided for such implementation under paragraph 21 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes that is referred to in section 3511(d)(16) of this title.

(B)(i)Except as provided in clause (ii), in the event that the United States initiates a retaliation list or takes any other action described in section 2411(c)(1)(A) or (B) of this title against the goods of a foreign country or countries because of the failure of such country or countries to implement the recommendation made pursuant to a dispute settlement proceeding under the World Trade Organization, the Trade Representative shall periodically revise the list or action to affect other goods of the country or countries that have failed to implement the recommendation.

(ii)The Trade Representative is not required to revise the retaliation list or the action described in clause (i) with respect to a country, if—

(I)the Trade Representative determines that implementation of a recommendation made pursuant to a dispute settlement proceeding described in clause (i) by the country is imminent; or

(II)the Trade Representative together with the petitioner involved in the initial investigation under this subchapter (or if no petition was filed, the affected United States industry) agree that it is unnecessary to revise the retaliation list.

(C)The Trade Representative shall, 120 days after the date the retaliation list or other section 2411(a) action is first taken, and every 180 days thereafter, review the list or action taken and revise, in whole or in part, the list or action to affect other goods of the subject country or countries.

(D)In revising any list or action against a country or countries under this subsection, the Trade Representative shall act in a manner that is most likely to result in the country or countries implementing the recommendations adopted in the dispute settlement proceeding or in achieving a mutually satisfactory solution to the issue that gave rise to the dispute settlement proceeding. The Trade Representative shall consult with the petitioner, if any, involved in the initial investigation under this subchapter.

(E)The term “retaliation list” means the list of products of a foreign country or countries that have failed to comply with the report of the panel or Appellate Body of the WTO and with respect to which the Trade Representative is imposing duties above the level that would otherwise be imposed under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.

(F)The Trade Representative shall include on the retaliation list, and on any revised lists, reciprocal goods of the industries affected by the failure of the foreign country or countries to implement the recommendation made pursuant to a dispute settlement proceeding under the World Trade Organization, except in cases where existing retaliation and its corresponding preliminary retaliation list do not already meet this requirement.

(c)If—

(1)action has terminated pursuant to section 2417(c) of this title,

(2)the petitioner or any representative of the domestic industry that would benefit from reinstatement of action has submitted to the Trade Representative a written request for reinstatement of action, and

(3)the Trade Representatives 11 So in original. Probably should be “Representative”. has completed the requirements of subsection (d) and section 2417(c)(3) of this title,

(d)Before making any determination under subsection (b) or (c), the Trade Representative shall—

(1)consult with the petitioner, if any, involved in the initial investigation under this subchapter and with representatives of the domestic industry concerned; and

(2)provide an opportunity for the presentation of views by interested persons.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(E), is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of this title.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–125, § 602(b)(2), substituted “Action on the basis of monitoring” for “Further action” in heading. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–125, § 602(a)(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–125, § 602(a)(1), (b)(3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d) and inserted “or (c)” after “subsection (b)” in introductory provisions. 2000—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–200 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpars. (B) to (F). 1996—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–295 made technical amendment to Pub. L. 103–465. See 1994 Amendment note below. 1994—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 103–465, as amended by Pub. L. 104–295, amended subsecs. (a) and (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsecs. (a) and (b) read as follows: “(a) In General.—The Trade Representative shall monitor the implementation of each measure undertaken, or agreement of a kind described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 2411(a)(2)(B) of this title that is entered into under subsection (a) or (b) of section 2411 of this title, by a foreign country— “(1) to enforce the rights of the United States under any trade agreement, or “(2) to eliminate any act, policy, or practice described in subsection (a)(1)(B) or (b)(1) of section 2411 of this title. “(b) Further Action.—If, on the basis of the monitoring carried out under subsection (a) of this section, the Trade Representative considers that a foreign country is not satisfactorily implementing a measure or agreement referred to in subsection (a) of this section, the Trade Representative shall determine what further action the Trade Representative shall take under section 2411(a) of this title. For purposes of section 2411 of this title, any such determination shall be treated as a determination made under section 2414(a)(1) of this title.” 1988—Pub. L. 100–418 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to monitoring of foreign compliance for provisions relating to administration. See section 2419 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1994 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), see section 316(a) of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 3581 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–418 applicable to petitions filed, and investigations initiated, under section 2412 of this title on or after Aug. 23, 1988, and petitions filed, and investigations initiated, before Aug. 23, 1988, if by such date no decision had been made under section 2414 of this title regarding the petition or investigation, see section 1301(c) of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as a note under section 2411 of this title.

§2416 Monitoring of foreign compliance

Summary

Title 19, §2416

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Citations & Metadata