§5103A — Title 38 Veterans' Benefits | U.S. Code

Summary

The Secretary must try to help people who file for benefits get the evidence they need to prove their claim. That help includes looking for private records the claimant points out, getting service and VA medical records and other federal records the claimant identifies, and arranging a medical exam or getting a medical opinion when it’s needed to decide a disability claim. The Secretary can stop helping if the help would not possibly help prove the claim, or can wait until the claimant gives missing essential information. If the Secretary can’t get private records after reasonable effort, the Secretary must tell the claimant which records couldn’t be obtained, explain what was tried, and say the decision will use the evidence on file while still allowing late submission if allowed. The Secretary should ask a private record holder at least twice unless a second request would clearly be pointless. Help ends when the claimant is given notice of the agency decision under section 5104 and does not apply to higher-level review under section 5104B or Board appeals. If a higher-level reviewer or the Board finds the agency failed to help earlier, they must send the claim back for correction unless the evidence already supports the maximum benefit under section 5110. The Secretary must write rules to carry out these duties, does not have to re-decide a denied claim unless new and relevant evidence is presented under section 5108, and may give other appropriate help.

Title 38, §5103A

Veterans' Benefits — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)The Secretary shall make reasonable efforts to assist a claimant in obtaining evidence necessary to substantiate the claimant’s claim for a benefit under a law administered by the Secretary.

(2)The Secretary is not required to provide assistance to a claimant under this section if no reasonable possibility exists that such assistance would aid in substantiating the claim.

(3)The Secretary may defer providing assistance under this section pending the submission by the claimant of essential information missing from the claimant’s application.

(b)(1)As part of the assistance provided under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make reasonable efforts to obtain relevant private records that the claimant adequately identifies to the Secretary.

(2)(A)Whenever the Secretary, after making such reasonable efforts, is unable to obtain all of the relevant records sought, the Secretary shall notify the claimant that the Secretary is unable to obtain records with respect to the claim. Such a notification shall—

(i)identify the records the Secretary is unable to obtain;

(ii)briefly explain the efforts that the Secretary made to obtain such records; and

(iii)explain that the Secretary will decide the claim based on the evidence of record but that this section does not prohibit the submission of records at a later date if such submission is otherwise allowed.

(B)The Secretary shall make not less than two requests to a custodian of a private record in order for an effort to obtain relevant private records to be treated as reasonable under this section, unless it is made evident by the first request that a second request would be futile in obtaining such records.

(3)(A)This section shall not apply if the evidence of record allows for the Secretary to award the maximum benefit in accordance with this title based on the evidence of record.

(B)For purposes of this paragraph, the term “maximum benefit” means the highest evaluation assignable in accordance with the evidence of record, as long as such evidence is adequate for rating purposes and sufficient to grant the earliest possible effective date in accordance with section 5110 of this title.

(4)Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the Secretary—

(A)shall encourage claimants to submit relevant private medical records of the claimant to the Secretary if such submission does not burden the claimant; and

(B)in obtaining relevant private records under paragraph (1), may require the claimant to authorize the Secretary to obtain such records if such authorization is required to comply with Federal, State, or local law.

(c)(1)In the case of a claim for disability compensation, the assistance provided by the Secretary under this section shall include obtaining the following records if relevant to the claim:

(A)The claimant’s service medical records and, if the claimant has furnished the Secretary information sufficient to locate such records, other relevant records pertaining to the claimant’s active military, naval, air, or space service that are held or maintained by a governmental entity.

(B)Records of relevant medical treatment or examination of the claimant at Department health-care facilities or at the expense of the Department, if the claimant furnishes information sufficient to locate those records.

(C)Any other relevant records held by any Federal department or agency that the claimant adequately identifies and authorizes the Secretary to obtain.

(2)Whenever the Secretary attempts to obtain records from a Federal department or agency under this subsection, the efforts to obtain those records shall continue until the records are obtained unless it is reasonably certain that such records do not exist or that further efforts to obtain those records would be futile.

(d)(1)In the case of a claim for disability compensation, the assistance provided by the Secretary under subsection (a) shall include providing a medical examination or obtaining a medical opinion when such an examination or opinion is necessary to make a decision on the claim.

(2)The Secretary shall treat an examination or opinion as being necessary to make a decision on a claim for purposes of paragraph (1) if the evidence of record before the Secretary, taking into consideration all information and lay or medical evidence (including statements of the claimant)—

(A)contains competent evidence that the claimant has a current disability, or persistent or recurrent symptoms of disability; and

(B)indicates that the disability or symptoms may be associated with the claimant’s active military, naval, air, or space service; but

(C)does not contain sufficient medical evidence for the Secretary to make a decision on the claim.

(e)(1)The Secretary’s duty to assist under this section shall apply only to a claim, or supplemental claim, for a benefit under a law administered by the Secretary until the time that a claimant is provided notice of the agency of original jurisdiction’s decision with respect to such claim, or supplemental claim, under section 5104 of this title.

(2)The Secretary’s duty to assist under this section shall not apply to higher-level review by the agency of original jurisdiction, pursuant to section 5104B of this title, or to review on appeal by the Board of Veterans’ Appeals.

(f)(1)If, during review of the agency of original jurisdiction decision under section 5104B of this title, the higher-level adjudicator identifies or learns of an error on the part of the agency of original jurisdiction to satisfy its duties under this section, and that error occurred prior to the agency of original jurisdiction decision being reviewed, unless the Secretary may award the maximum benefit in accordance with this title based on the evidence of record, the higher-level adjudicator shall return the claim for correction of such error and readjudication.

(2)(A)If the Board of Veterans’ Appeals, during review on appeal of an agency of original jurisdiction decision, identifies or learns of an error on the part of the agency of original jurisdiction to satisfy its duties under this section, and that error occurred prior to the agency of original jurisdiction decision on appeal, unless the Secretary may award the maximum benefit in accordance with this title based on the evidence of record, the Board shall remand the claim to the agency of original jurisdiction for correction of such error and readjudication.

(B)Remand for correction of such error may include directing the agency of original jurisdiction to obtain an advisory medical opinion under section 5109 of this title.

(3)Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to imply that the Secretary, during the consideration of a claim, does not have a duty to correct an error described in paragraph (1) or (2) that was erroneously not identified during higher-level review or during review on appeal with respect to the claim.

(g)The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(h)Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the Secretary to readjudicate a claim that has been disallowed except when new and relevant evidence is presented or secured, as described in section 5108 of this title.

(i)Nothing in this section shall be construed as precluding the Secretary from providing such other assistance under subsection (a) to a claimant in substantiating a claim as the Secretary considers appropriate.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Subsecs. (c)(1)(A), (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted “air, or space service” for “or air service”. 2017—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–55, § 2(d)(2), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (g). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–55, § 2(d)(2), added subsec. (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (h). Pub. L. 115–55, § 2(c), substituted “readjudicate” for “reopen” and “relevant” for “material”. Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 115–55, § 2(d)(1), redesignated subsecs. (e) to (g) as (g) to (i), respectively. 2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–154, § 505(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “(1) As part of the assistance provided under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make reasonable efforts to obtain relevant records (including private records) that the claimant adequately identifies to the Secretary and authorizes the Secretary to obtain. “(2) Whenever the Secretary, after making such reasonable efforts, is unable to obtain all of the relevant records sought, the Secretary shall notify the claimant that the Secretary is unable to obtain records with respect to the claim. Such a notification shall— “(A) identify the records the Secretary is unable to obtain; “(B) briefly explain the efforts that the Secretary made to obtain those records; and “(C) describe any further action to be taken by the Secretary with respect to the claim. “(3) Whenever the Secretary attempts to obtain records from a Federal department or agency under this subsection or subsection (c), the efforts to obtain those records shall continue until the records are obtained unless it is reasonably certain that such records do not exist or that further efforts to obtain those records would be futile.” Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–154, § 505(b), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In the case of a claim for disability compensation, the assistance provided by the Secretary under subsection (b) shall include obtaining the following records if relevant to the claim: “(1) The claimant’s service medical records and, if the claimant has furnished the Secretary information sufficient to locate such records, other relevant records pertaining to the claimant’s active military, naval, or air service that are held or maintained by a governmental entity. “(2) Records of relevant medical treatment or examination of the claimant at Department health-care facilities or at the expense of the Department, if the claimant furnishes information sufficient to locate those records. “(3) Any other relevant records held by any Federal department or agency that the claimant adequately identifies and authorizes the Secretary to obtain.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2017 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–55 applicable to all claims for which the Secretary of Veterans Affairs provides notice of a decision under section 5104 of this title on or after the later of 540 days after Aug. 23, 2017, or 30 days after the date on which the Secretary submits to Congress a certification of certain capabilities of the Department of Veterans Affairs to carry out the new appeals system established by Pub. L. 115–55 and to address appeals of decisions on legacy claims, with provision for early applicability of the new appeals system to certain claims, see section 2(x) of Pub. L. 115–55, set out as a note under section 101 of this title, and bracketed note thereunder.

Effective Date

of 2012 Amendment Pub. L. 112–154, title V, § 505(c), Aug. 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 1193, provided that: “(1) In general.—The

Amendments

made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 6, 2012] and shall apply with respect to assistance obligations of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs on or after such date. “(2)

Construction

.—Nothing in this section [amending this section] or the

Amendments

made by this section shall be construed to require the Secretary to carry out assistance in accordance with requirements of section 5103A of title 38, United States Code, as in effect on the day before the

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established in paragraph (1) on or after such

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.”

§5103A Duty to assist claimants

Summary

Title 38, §5103A

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

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Construction

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Citations & Metadata