§2014 — Title 42 The Public Health and Welfare | U.S. Code

Summary

Defines the main words used in this part of the law so their meaning is clear. An “agency of the United States” means parts of the executive, legislative, or judicial branches. An “agreement for cooperation” means certain international cooperation agreements made under other parts of the law. “Atomic energy” means energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear change. An “atomic weapon” means a device that uses atomic energy mainly as a weapon, not its removable transport parts. “Byproduct material” covers several kinds of radioactive waste and sources, including material made radioactive by nuclear processes, uranium or thorium tailings, certain radium-226 or accelerator-made sources used commercially or medically after August 8, 2005, and some naturally occurring radioactive sources found to pose similar danger and used after August 8, 2005. “Commission” means the Atomic Energy Commission. “Common defense and security” means the nation’s shared defense and security. “Defense information” means information an authorized agency says affects national defense. “Design” means plans, drawings, and related research data. An “extraordinary nuclear occurrence” is a release or spread of radioactive material offsite that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy decides is serious and likely to cause large harm; that decision is final and must be based on written criteria. “Financial protection” means the ability to pay damages and legal costs. “Government agency” means parts of the executive branch. An “indemnitor” is an insurer, a person or company who promises financial protection, or the Commission/Secretary when they agree to indemnify under section 2210. An “international arrangement” is a treaty or other international agreement approved by Congress that is not an agreement for cooperation. “Energy Committees” are the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. A “licensed activity” is an activity licensed under this chapter and covered by section 2210(a). A “nuclear incident” is any event, including an extraordinary one, that causes injury, illness, death, or property loss from the radioactive, toxic, explosive, or other dangerous properties of source, special nuclear, or byproduct material; special rules in section 2210 apply to incidents outside the United States or involving certain licensed uses and shipments. An “operator” is the person who controls a production or use facility. “Person” is any individual, company, institution, government, or similar entity, and their legal successors or agents. A “person indemnified” is someone who has an indemnity agreement or must keep financial protection, with specific rules depending on where the incident happens or the contract involved. To “produce” special nuclear material means to make, separate, refine, or otherwise create it. A “production facility” is equipment that can make special nuclear material in important amounts, or key parts of such equipment; certain uranium enrichment gear is excluded in some subchapters. “Public liability” means legal liability from a nuclear incident or a required evacuation, with listed exceptions like workers’ compensation and acts of war. “Research and development” means analysis, experiments, and testing to turn scientific ideas into practical trials. “Restricted Data” means information about weapon design, making special nuclear material, or using it for energy, unless officially removed from that category. “Source material” means uranium, thorium, or other materials the Commission says are source material, and ores with them at regulated concentrations. “Special nuclear material” means plutonium, uranium enriched in isotope 233 or 235, and other materials the Commission labels as special nuclear material, but not source material. “United States” geographically includes all territories and possessions, the Canal Zone, and Puerto Rico. A “utilization facility” is equipment (not a weapon) that uses special nuclear material in amounts or ways that matter for defense or public safety, or key parts of such equipment. A “fusion machine” is a device that fuses atomic nuclei and directly captures the products like particles or heat. “High-level radioactive waste” and “spent nuclear fuel” have the meanings given in section 10101. In section 2210, “legal costs” means the costs a plaintiff or defendant incurs in claims under that section. “Nuclear waste activities” means activities the Secretary of Energy may be indemnified for that deal with storage, handling, transport, treatment, disposal, or R&D on spent fuel, high-level waste, or transuranic waste (including certain pilot projects). A “precautionary evacuation” is an evacuation ordered by an authorized state official when an event not classified as a nuclear incident still poses imminent radiological danger in an area near a facility or transport route. A “public liability action” is any lawsuit claiming public liability and is treated as arising under section 2210 and decided using the state law where the incident occurred unless that law conflicts with section 2210. “Transuranic waste” means material contaminated with elements having atomic number greater than 92 (for example, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium) at concentrations greater than 10 nanocuries per gram, or at other levels the Nuclear Regulatory Commission sets to protect public health and safety.

Title 42, §2014

The Public Health and Welfare — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

The intent of Congress in the definitions as given in this section should be construed from the words or phrases used in the definitions. As used in this chapter:

(a)The term “agency of the United States” means the executive branch of the United States, or any Government agency, or the legislative branch of the United States, or any agency, committee, commission, office, or other establishment in the legislative branch, or the judicial branch of the United States, or any office, agency, committee, commission, or other establishment in the judicial branch.

(b)The term “agreement for cooperation” means any agreement with another nation or regional defense organization authorized or permitted by section 2074, 2077, 2094, 2112, 2121(c), 2133, 2134, or 2164 of this title, and made pursuant to section 2153 of this title.

(c)The term “atomic energy” means all forms of energy released in the course of nuclear fission or nuclear transformation.

(d)The term “atomic weapon” means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device.

(e)The term “byproduct material” means—

(1)any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material;

(2)the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source material content;

(3)(A)any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction, before, on, or after August 8, 2005, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; or

(B)any material that—

(i)has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator, including by use of a fusion machine; and

(ii)if made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator that is not a fusion machine, is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction, before, on, or after August 8, 2005, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; and

(4)any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material, other than source material, that—

(A)the Commission, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate Federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and security; and

(B)before, on, or after August 8, 2005, is extracted or converted after extraction for use in a commercial, medical, or research activity.

(f)The term “Commission” means the Atomic Energy Commission.

(g)The term “common defense and security” means the common defense and security of the United States.

(h)The term “defense information” means any information in any category determined by any Government agency authorized to classify information, as being information respecting, relating to, or affecting the national defense.

(i)The term “design” means (1) specifications, plans, drawings, blueprints, and other items of like nature; (2) the information contained therein; or (3) the research and development data pertinent to the information contained therein.

(j)The term “extraordinary nuclear occurrence” means any event causing a discharge or dispersal of source, special nuclear, or byproduct material from its intended place of confinement in amounts offsite, or causing radiation levels offsite, which the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy, as appropriate, determines to be substantial, and which the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy, as appropriate, determines has resulted or will probably result in substantial damages to persons offsite or property offsite. Any determination by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy, as appropriate, that such an event has, or has not, occurred shall be final and conclusive, and no other official or any court shall have power or jurisdiction to review any such determination. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy, as appropriate, shall establish criteria in writing setting forth the basis upon which such determination shall be made. As used in this subsection, “offsite” means away from “the location” or “the contract location” as defined in the applicable Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy, as appropriate, indemnity agreement, entered into pursuant to section 2210 of this title.

(k)The term “financial protection” means the ability to respond in damages for public liability and to meet the costs of investigating and defending claims and settling suits for such damages.

(l)The term “Government agency” means any executive department, commission, independent establishment, corporation, wholly or partly owned by the United States of America which is an instrumentality of the United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, office, officer, authority, administration, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government.

(m)The term “indemnitor” means (1) any insurer with respect to his obligations under a policy of insurance furnished as proof of financial protection; (2) any licensee, contractor or other person who is obligated under any other form of financial protection, with respect to such obligations; and (3) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy, as appropriate, with respect to any obligation undertaken by it in indemnity agreement entered into pursuant to section 2210 of this title.

(n)The term “international arrangement” means any international agreement hereafter approved by the Congress or any treaty during the time such agreement or treaty is in full force and effect, but does not include any agreement for cooperation.

(o)The term “Energy Committees” means the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.

(p)The term “licensed activity” means an activity licensed pursuant to this chapter and covered by the provisions of section 2210(a) of this title.

(q)The term “nuclear incident” means any occurrence, including an extraordinary nuclear occurrence, within the United States causing, within or outside the United States, bodily injury, sickness, disease, or death, or loss of or damage to property, or loss of use of property, arising out of or resulting from the radioactive, toxic, explosive, or other hazardous properties of source, special nuclear, or byproduct material: Provided, however, That as the term is used in section 2210(l) of this title, it shall include any such occurrence outside the United States: And provided further, That as the term is used in section 2210(d) of this title, it shall include any such occurrence outside the United States: And provided further, That as the term is used in section 2210(c) of this title, it shall include any such occurrence outside both the United States and any other nation if such occurrence arises out of or results from the radioactive, toxic, explosive, or other hazardous properties of source, special nuclear, or byproduct material licensed pursuant to subchapters V, VI, VII, and IX of this division, which is used in connection with the operation of a licensed stationary production or utilization facility or which moves outside the territorial limits of the United States in transit from one person licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to another person licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

(r)The term “operator” means any individual who manipulates the controls of a utilization or production facility.

(s)The term “person” means (1) any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, Government agency other than the Commission, any State or any political subdivision of, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity; and (2) any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing.

(t)The term “person indemnified” means (1) with respect to a nuclear incident occurring within the United States or outside the United States as the term is used in section 2210(c) of this title, and with respect to any nuclear incident in connection with the design, development, construction, operation, repair, maintenance, or use of the nuclear ship Savannah, the person with whom an indemnity agreement is executed or who is required to maintain financial protection, and any other person who may be liable for public liability or (2) with respect to any other nuclear incident occurring outside the United States, the person with whom an indemnity agreement is executed and any other person who may be liable for public liability by reason of his activities under any contract with the Secretary of Energy or any project to which indemnification under the provisions of section 2210(d) of this title has been extended or under any subcontract, purchase order, or other agreement, of any tier, under any such contract or project.

(u)The term “produce”, when used in relation to special nuclear material, means (1) to manufacture, make, produce, or refine special nuclear material; (2) to separate special nuclear material from other substances in which such material may be contained; or (3) to make or to produce new special nuclear material.

(v)The term “production facility” means (1) any equipment or device determined by rule of the Commission to be capable of the production of special nuclear material in such quantity as to be of significance to the common defense and security, or in such manner as to affect the health and safety of the public; or (2) any important component part especially designed for such equipment or device as determined by the Commission. Except with respect to the export of a uranium enrichment production facility, such term as used in subchapters IX and XV shall not include any equipment or device (or important component part especially designed for such equipment or device) capable of separating the isotopes of uranium or enriching uranium in the isotope 235.

(w)The term “public liability” means any legal liability arising out of or resulting from a nuclear incident or precautionary evacuation (including all reasonable additional costs incurred by a State, or a political subdivision of a State, in the course of responding to a nuclear incident or a precautionary evacuation), except: (i) claims under State or Federal workmen’s compensation acts of employees of persons indemnified who are employed at the site of and in connection with the activity where the nuclear incident occurs; (ii) claims arising out of an act of war; and (iii) whenever used in subsections (a), (c), and (k) of section 2210 of this title, claims for loss of, or damage to, or loss of use of property which is located at the site of and used in connection with the licensed activity where the nuclear incident occurs. “Public liability” also includes damage to property of persons indemnified: Provided, That such property is covered under the terms of the financial protection required, except property which is located at the site of and used in connection with the activity where the nuclear incident occurs.

(x)The term “research and development” means (1) theoretical analysis, exploration, or experimentation; or (2) the extension of investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature into practical application for experimental and demonstration purposes, including the experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials, and processes.

(y)The term “Restricted Data” means all data concerning (1) design, manufacture, or utilization of atomic weapons; (2) the production of special nuclear material; or (3) the use of special nuclear material in the production of energy, but shall not include data declassified or removed from the Restricted Data category pursuant to section 2162 of this title.

(z)The term “source material” means (1) uranium, thorium, or any other material which is determined by the Commission pursuant to the provisions of section 2091 of this title to be source material; or (2) ores containing one or more of the foregoing materials, in such concentration as the Commission may by regulation determine from time to time.

(aa)The term “special nuclear material” means (1) plutonium, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the Commission, pursuant to the provisions of section 2071 of this title, determines to be special nuclear material, but does not include source material; or (2) any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing, but does not include source material.

(bb)The term “United States” when used in a geographical sense includes all territories and possessions of the United States, the Canal Zone and Puerto Rico.

(cc)The term “utilization facility” means (1) any equipment or device, except an atomic weapon, determined by rule of the Commission to be capable of making use of special nuclear material in such quantity as to be of significance to the common defense and security, or in such manner as to affect the health and safety of the public, or peculiarly adapted for making use of atomic energy in such quantity as to be of significance to the common defense and security, or in such manner as to affect the health and safety of the public; or (2) any important component part especially designed for such equipment or device as determined by the Commission.

(dd)The term “fusion machine” means a machine that is capable of—

(1)transforming atomic nuclei, through fusion processes, into different elements, isotopes, or other particles; and

(2)directly capturing and using the resultant products, including particles, heat, or other electromagnetic radiation.

(ee)The terms “high-level radioactive waste” and “spent nuclear fuel” have the meanings given such terms in section 10101 of this title.

(ff)As used in section 2210 of this title, the term “legal costs” means the costs incurred by a plaintiff or a defendant in initiating, prosecuting, investigating, settling, or defending claims or suits for damage arising under such section.

(gg)The term “nuclear waste activities”, as used in section 2210 of this title, means activities subject to an agreement of indemnification under subsection (d) of such section, that the Secretary of Energy is authorized to undertake, under this chapter or any other law, involving the storage, handling, transportation, treatment, or disposal of, or research and development on, spent nuclear fuel, high-level radioactive waste, or transuranic waste, including (but not limited to) activities authorized to be carried out under the Waste Isolation Pilot Project under section 213 of Public Law 96–164 (93 Stat. 1265).

(hh)The term “precautionary evacuation” means an evacuation of the public within a specified area near a nuclear facility, or the transportation route in the case of an accident involving transportation of source material, special nuclear material, byproduct material, high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or transuranic waste to or from a production or utilization facility, if the evacuation is—

(1)the result of any event that is not classified as a nuclear incident but that poses imminent danger of bodily injury or property damage from the radiological properties of source material, special nuclear material, byproduct material, high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or transuranic waste, and causes an evacuation; and

(2)initiated by an official of a State or a political subdivision of a State, who is authorized by State law to initiate such an evacuation and who reasonably determined that such an evacuation was necessary to protect the public health and safety.

(ii)The term “public liability action”, as used in section 2210 of this title, means any suit asserting public liability. A public liability action shall be deemed to be an action arising under section 2210 of this title, and the substantive rules for decision in such action shall be derived from the law of the State in which the nuclear incident involved occurs, unless such law is inconsistent with the provisions of such section.

(jj)The term “transuranic waste” means material contaminated with elements that have an atomic number greater than 92, including neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium, and that are in concentrations greater than 10 nanocuries per gram, or in such other concentrations as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission may prescribe to protect the public health and safety.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 919, known as the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 2011 of this title and Tables. For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (bb), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. section 213 of Public Law 96–164, referred to in subsec. (gg), is Pub. L. 96–164, title II, § 213, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1265, which is not classified to the Code.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11 of act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 768, which related to patents and inventions, was classified to section 1811 of this title, prior to the general amendment of act Aug. 1, 1946, by act Aug. 30, 1954. Sections 12 to 19 of act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 770–775, which related to authority, powers and duties of Atomic Energy Commission; compensation for acquisition of private property; judicial review; Joint Committee of Congress on Atomic Energy; penalties for violation of certain provisions of chapter 14 of this title, injunctions, subpoena of witnesses, and production of documents; reports and recommendations to Congress; definitions; and authorization of appropriations, were classified to sections 1812 to 1819, respectively, of this title, and section 20 of act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 775, which related to separability of provisions of the act, was set out as a note under section 1801 of this title, prior to the general amendment of act Aug. 1, 1946, by act Aug. 30, 1954. Section numbers 12 to 20 were not repeated in the general amendment of act Aug. 1, 1946.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (e)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 118–67, § 205(a)(1)(A)(i), inserted “, including by use of a fusion machine” after “particle accelerator”. Subsec. (e)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 118–67, § 205(a)(1)(A)(ii), inserted “if made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator that is not a fusion machine,” before “is produced”. Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 118–47, in second proviso, substituted “occurrence outside the United States:” for “occurrence outside the United States if such occurrence involves source, special nuclear, or byproduct material owned by, and used by or under contract with, the United States:”. Subsec. (dd). Pub. L. 118–67, § 205(a)(5), added subsec. (dd). Former subsec. (dd) redesignated (ee). Subsec. (ee). Pub. L. 118–67, § 205(a)(4), redesignated subsec. (dd) as (ee) and inserted heading. Former subsec. (ee) redesignated (jj). Pub. L. 118–67, § 205(a)(2), inserted heading. Subsecs. (ff) to (jj). Pub. L. 118–67, § 205(a)(2), (3), inserted headings for subsecs. (ff) to (hh), redesignated subsecs. (ee) to (hh) and (jj) as (jj), (gg), (hh), (ii), and (ff), respectively, and transferred the subsecs. to appear in alphabetical order. 2005—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–58 substituted “means—” for “means”, realigned margins of pars. (1) and (2), and added pars. (3) and (4). 1996—Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 104–134, which directed the amendment of subsec. (v) by striking out “or the

Construction

and operation of a uranium enrichment facility using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation technology”, was executed by striking out “or the

Construction

and operation of a uranium enrichment production facility using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation technology” before “, such term as used”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 1994—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted “ ‘Energy Committees’ means the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives” for “ ‘Joint Committee’ means the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy”. 1992—Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 102–486 amended last sentence generally. Prior to amendment, last sentence read as follows: “Except with respect to the export of a uranium enrichment production facility, such term as used in subchapters IX and XV shall not include any equipment or device (or important component part especially designed for such equipment or device) capable of separating the isotopes of uranium or enriching uranium in the isotope 235.” 1990—Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 101–575 inserted at end “Except with respect to the export of a uranium enrichment production facility, such term as used in subchapters IX and XV shall not include any equipment or device (or important component part especially designed for such equipment or device) capable of separating the isotopes of uranium or enriching uranium in the isotope 235.” 1988—Subsecs. (j), (m). Pub. L. 100–408, § 16(b)(1), substituted “Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the Secretary of Energy, as appropriate,” for “Commission” wherever appearing. Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 100–408, § 16(d)(1), substituted “section” for “subsection” in three places, which for purposes of codification was translated as “section”, thus requiring no change in text. Pub. L. 100–408, § 16(a)(1), substituted “Nuclear Regulatory Commission” for “Commission” wherever appearing. Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 100–408, § 16(d)(2), substituted “section” for “subsection” in two places, which for purposes of codification was translated as “section”, thus requiring no change in text. Pub. L. 100–408, § 16(b)(2), substituted “Secretary of Energy” for “Commission” in cl. (2). Subsec. (w). Pub. L. 100–408, § 16(d)(3), substituted “subsections (a), (c), and (k) of section 2210 of this title” for “section 2210(a), (c), and (k) of this title”. Pub. L. 100–408, § 5(a), inserted “or precautionary evacuation (including all reasonable additional costs incurred by a State, or a political subdivision of a State, in the course of responding to a nuclear incident or a precautionary evacuation)” after first reference to “nuclear incident”. Subsecs. (dd) to (ff). Pub. L. 100–408, § 4(b), added subsecs. (dd) to (ff). Subsec. (gg). Pub. L. 100–408, § 5(b), added subsec. (gg). Subsec. (hh). Pub. L. 100–408, § 11(b), added subsec. (hh). Subsec. (jj). Pub. L. 100–408, § 11(d)(2), added subsec. (jj). 1978—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–604 designated existing provisions as cl. (1) and added cl. (2). 1975—Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 94–197 substituted “source, special nuclear, or byproduct material” for “facility or device” and inserted proviso to include within term as used in section 2210(c) of this title any occurrence outside both the United States and any other nation. Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 94–197 expanded definition to include nuclear incidents occurring outside the United States as the term is used in section 2210(c) of this title and inserted reference to person required to maintain financial protection. 1966—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 89–645, § 1(a)(2), added subsec. (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k). Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 89–645, § 1(a)(1), redesignated former subsecs. (j) and (k) as (k) and (l), respectively. Former subsec. (l) redesignated (n). Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 89–645, § 1(a)(3), added subsec. (m). Former subsec. (m) redesignated (o). Subsecs. (n) to (p). Pub. L. 89–645, § 1(a)(1), redesignated former subsecs. (l) to (n) as (n) to (p), respectively. Former subsecs. (n) to (p) redesignated (p) to (r), respectively. Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 89–645, § 1(a)(1), (4), redesignated former subsec. (o) as (q) and inserted “, including an extraordinary nuclear occurrence,” between “occurrence” and “within”, respectively. Former subsec. (q) redesignated (s). Subsecs. (r) to (cc). Pub. L. 89–645, § 1(a)(1), redesignated former subsecs. (p) to (aa) as (r) to (cc), respectively. 1962—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 87–615, § 4, enlarged definition of “nuclear incident” to include any occurrence within the United States causing any of the listed injuries and damages within or outside the United States, provided that as used in section 2210(l) of this title, term shall “include” instead of “mean” any such occurrence outside the United States, and that as used in section 2210(d) of this title, the term shall include any such occurrence outside the United States if such occurrence involves a facility or devise owned by, and used by or under contract with, the United States. Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 87–615, § 5, limited definition of “person indemnified” to nuclear incidents occurring within the United States, or in connection with the nuclear ship Savannah, and inserted provisions with respect to nuclear incidents occurring outside the United States. 1961—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–206, § 2, included section 2121(c) of this title in enumeration. Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 87–206, § 3, designated existing provisions as cls. (i) and (ii) and added cl. (iii). 1958—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 85–602 inserted proviso defining “nuclear incident” as it is used in section 2210(l) of this title. 1957—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 85–256 added subsec. (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k). Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 85–256, redesignated former subsecs. (j) to (l) as (k) to (m), respectively. Former subsec. (m) redesignated (p). Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 85–256 added subsec. (n). Former subsec. (n) redesignated (q). Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 85–256 added subsec. (o). Former subsec. (o) redesignated (s). Subsecs. (p), (q). Pub. L. 85–256 redesignated former subsecs. (m) and (n) as (p) and (q), respectively. Former subsecs. (p) and (q) redesignated (t) and (u), respectively. Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 85–256 added subsec. (r). Former subsec. (r) redesignated (w). Subsecs. (s), (t). Pub. L. 85–256 redesignated former subsecs. (o) and (p) as (s) and (t), respectively. Former subsecs. (s) and (t) redesignated (x) and (y), respectively. Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 85–256 added subsec. (u). Former subsec. (u) redesignated (z). Subsecs. (v) to (aa). Pub. L. 85–256 redesignated former subsecs. (q) to (v) as (v) to (aa), respectively. 1956—Subsec. (u). Act Aug. 6, 1956, substituted “the Canal Zone and Puerto Rico” for “and the Canal Zone”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Commerce of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Commerce of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives, and jurisdiction over matters relating to securities and exchanges and insurance generally transferred to Committee on Financial Services of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Jan. 3, 2001.

Effective Date

of 1988 Amendment Pub. L. 100–408, § 20, Aug. 20, 1988, 102 Stat. 1084, provided that: “(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the

Amendments

made by this Act [enacting section 2282a of this title and amending this section and section 2210 and 2273 of this title] shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 20, 1988] and shall be applicable with respect to nuclear incidents occurring on or after such date. “(b)(1) The

Amendments

made by section 11 [amending this section and section 2210 of this title] shall apply to nuclear incidents occurring before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act. “(2)(A) section 234A of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [section 2282a of this title] shall not apply to any violation occurring before the date of the enactment of this Act. “(B) section 223 c. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [section 2273(c) of this title] shall not apply to any violation occurring before the date of enactment of this Act.”

Effective Date

of 1978 Amendment Pub. L. 95–604, title II, § 208, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3041, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this title [see section 202(b) of Pub. L. 95–604, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 2113 of this title] the

Amendments

made by this title [enacting section 2022 and 2114 of this title, amending this section and section 2021, 2111, and 2201 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2021 and 2113 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1978].”

Transfer of Functions

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by section 5814 and 5841 of this title. See also

Transfer of Functions

notes set out under those sections.

§2014 Definitions

Summary

Title 42, §2014

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Short Title

Prior Provisions

Amendments

Construction

Construction

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Effective Date

Amendments

Amendments

Effective Date

Effective Date

Amendments

Transfer of Functions

Transfer of Functions

Citations & Metadata