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Flag of Senegal

Senegal

Africa · Dakar · presidential republic

What Senegal means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.

Map showing the location of Senegal

$218M

U.S. imports, 2025

+6%

change in one year

$442M

U.S. exports, 2025

19M

Population

$32.3B

GDP

In your house

What you buy that Senegal makes

America bought $218M in goods from Senegal in 2025. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.

Crude oil

$67M30.6%

Apparel,household goods-nontextile

leather goods and accessories

$50M22.7%

Chemicals-fertilizers

$41M18.6%

Fish and shellfish

fish, shrimp, shellfish

$30M13.7%

Petroleum products, other

gasoline and petroleum products

$14M6.3%

Steelmaking materials

$10M4.4%

U.s. goods returned, and reimports

$2M0.8%

Apparel, textiles, nonwool or cotton

synthetic and performance apparel

$1M0.5%

Minimum value shipments

$984K0.5%

Feedstuff and foodgrains

$393K0.2%

2026 so far (through April): $35M in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

The other direction

What America sells to Senegal

$442M in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.

Gas-natural

$88M

Passenger cars, new and used

$71M

new and used cars

Natural gas liquids

$43M

Plastic materials

$26M

plastics for packaging and goods

Cell phones and other household goods, n.e.c.

$20M

cell phones and home electronics

Nonmetallic minerals

$18M

Rice

$15M

cocoa for chocolate

Other parts and accessories of vehicles

$13M

car parts and accessories

Minimum value shipments

$13M

Where you stand

U.S. tariff posture toward Senegal

No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.

Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline)

10%

The universal 10% floor — a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — applies to nearly all U.S. imports. This country has no higher assigned rate of its own.

Policy in motion

Tariff status: a moving target

No U.S. tariff action names Senegal. These are the universal measures — applied to every country without a country-specific arrangement — that set its treatment.

  1. 2026-04-06

    Section 232 metals coverage expanded

    In effect

    The April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%.

    91 FR 18201
  2. 2026-02-24

    IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge

    In effect

    Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum).

    91 FR 9437
  3. 2025-11-13

    Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs

    In effect

    Executive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff.

    90 FR 54091
  4. 2025-06-04

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%

    In effect

    The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025.

    90 FR 24199
  5. 2025-04-05

    Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect

    In effect

    Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063
  6. 2025-03-12

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries

    In effect

    Proclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025.

    90 FR 9817

Made for America

What Senegal makes for America

Senegal is a direct U.S. source of 4 essential goods Americans rely on — the items themselves, shipped finished off the line.

Go deeper

The supply chain view

Senegal sits upstream of 1 essential American goods through 1 tracked inputs.

Full supply-map profile →

Reference

The country itself

Africa · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.

Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989. Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance -- a separatist movement based in southern Senegal -- has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his loss to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE took office in April 2024.

Regional map of Senegal

Geography

Location
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Area
196,722 sq km
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Terrain
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Natural resources
fish, phosphates, iron ore
Coastline
531 km
Natural hazards
lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

People & society

Population
18,847,519 (2024 est.)
Nationality
Senegalese (singular and plural)
Ethnic groups
Wolof 39.7%, Pulaar 27.5%, Sereer 16%, Mandinka 4.9%, Jola 4.2%, Soninke 2.4%, other 5.4% (includes Europeans and persons of Lebanese descent) (2019 est.)
Languages
French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke
Religions
Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.)
Median age
19.4 years (2025 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
70.6 years (2024 est.)
Literacy
50.4% (2023 est.)

Economy

Economic overview
lower middle-income, services-driven West African economy; key mining, construction, agriculture, and fishing industries; tourism and exports hit hard by COVID-19; large informal economy; developing offshore oil and gas fields; systemic corruption
Industries
agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair
Agricultural products
rice, groundnuts, watermelons, millet, cassava, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, onions, milk (2023)
Exports - partners
Mali 21%, India 12%, Switzerland 11%, China 5%, UAE 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
China 19%, France 9%, Nigeria 7%, India 7%, Russia 5% (2023)

Government

Government type
presidential republic
Capital
Dakar
Independence
4 April 1960 (from France); 20 August 1960 (full independence after federation with Mali is dissolved)
Constitution
previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001
Executive branch
President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE (since 2 April 2024)
Legislative branch
National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)

Full reference data

Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.

Introduction
Background
Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989. Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance -- a separatist movement based in southern Senegal -- has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his loss to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE took office in April 2024.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens exercise normal precautions in Senegal. Some areas have increased risk. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport is valid at the date of their entering the country. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is required, but US citizen travelers may obtain the visa upon entering the country.
US Embassy/Consulate
+(221) 33-879-4000; EMER: +(221) 33-879-4444; US Embassy Dakar, Route des Almadies, Dakar, Senegal; DakarACS@state.gov; https://sn.usembassy.gov/
Telephone Code
221
Local Emergency Phone
Local numbers only
Vaccinations
An International Certificate of Vaccination for yellow fever is required for travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission and for travelers having transited through the airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. See WHO recommendations. On 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Senegal is currently considered a high risk to travelers for polio; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine. http://www.who.int/
Climate
Tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Currency (Code)
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
230 V / 50 Hz / plug types(s): C, D, E, F
Major Languages
French, Wolof, Pular, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke
Major Religions
Muslim 95.9% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 4.1% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Time Difference
UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water
Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit
Suggested
Road Driving Side
Right
Tourist Destinations
Goree Island; Dakar; Pink Lake; Cap Skirring; Petite Cote; Saloum Delta National Park
Major Sports
Soccer, wrestling, basketball, motor sports (off-road rally)
Cultural Practices
It is considered rude to let the bottom of one's foot or shoe point at someone.
Tipping Guidelines
Tipping is uncommon in restaurants and taxi cabs. For exceptional service, a tip is appropriate.
Souvenirs
Carved wooden statues and other items, tailored clothing, hand-painted fabric, woven baskets, copper sculptures, gold and silver filigree jewelry
Traditional Cuisine
Thieboudienne — a one-pot dish with fish, rice, and a variety of vegetables such as potatoes, cassava, squash, onions, cabbage, or carrots simmered in tomato sauce
CIA source last updated
Wednesday, October 05, 2022
Travel resources

Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Wednesday, October 05, 2022

Geography
Location
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Geographic coordinates
14 00 N, 14 00 W
Map references
Africa
Area - total
196,722 sq km
Area - land
192,530 sq km
Area - water
4,192 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than South Dakota; slightly larger than twice the size of Indiana
Land boundaries - total
2,684 km
Land boundaries - border countries
The Gambia 749 km; Guinea 363 km; Guinea-Bissau 341 km; Mali 489 km; Mauritania 742 km
Coastline
531 km
Maritime claims - territorial sea
12 nm
Maritime claims - contiguous zone
24 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Maritime claims - continental shelf
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Terrain
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Elevation - highest point
unnamed elevation 2.8 km southeast of Nepen Diaka 648 m
Elevation - lowest point
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Elevation - mean elevation
69 m
Natural resources
fish, phosphates, iron ore
Land use - agricultural land
49.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 19.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 29.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
45.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
5.5% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
1,200 sq km (2012)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Senegal (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, and Mauritania [m] ) - 1,641 km; Gambie (Gambia) (shared with Guinea [s] and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km) - Atlantic Ocean drainage
Senegal (456,397 sq km)
Major aquifers
Senegalo-Mauritanian Basin
Population distribution
the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Geography - note
westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal
People and Society
Population - total
18,847,519 (2024 est.)
Population - male
9,283,314
Population - female
9,564,205
Nationality - noun
Senegalese (singular and plural)
Nationality - adjective
Senegalese
Ethnic groups
Wolof 39.7%, Pulaar 27.5%, Sereer 16%, Mandinka 4.9%, Jola 4.2%, Soninke 2.4%, other 5.4% (includes Europeans and persons of Lebanese descent) (2019 est.)
Languages
French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke
Religions
Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
40.7% (male 3,907,986/female 3,760,594)
Age structure - 15-64 years
55.9% (male 5,098,038/female 5,437,195)
Age structure - 65 years and over
3.4% (2024 est.) (male 277,290/female 366,416)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
78.9 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
72.8 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
6.1 (2024 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
16.4 (2024 est.)
Median age - total
19.4 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
18.4 years
Median age - female
20 years
Population growth rate
2.4% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
29.54 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
4.85 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural, as shown in this population distribution map
Urbanization - urban population
49.6% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
3.340 million DAKAR (capital) (2023)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.04 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
0.94 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.76 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
21.9 years (2019 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth - note
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Maternal mortality ratio
237 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
30.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
34.4 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
27.6 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
70.6 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
68.8 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
72.4 years
Total fertility rate
3.96 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
1.93 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 95.9% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: rural
rural: 77% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 86.2% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 4.1% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: rural
rural: 23% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 13.8% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
4.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
3.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.11 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Hospital bed density
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 95.3% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: rural
rural: 60.1% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 77.4% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 4.7% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 39.9% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 22.6% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
8.8% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita - total
0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - beer
0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - wine
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - spirits
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - other alcohols
0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use - total
5.4% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - male
10.5% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - female
0.5% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
16.2% (2023 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
65.5% (2023 est.)
Child marriage - women married by age 15
8.8% (2019)
Child marriage - women married by age 18
30.5% (2019)
Child marriage - men married by age 18
0.7% (2019)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% GDP)
6.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Education expenditure - Education expenditure (% national budget)
20.9% national budget (2025 est.)
Literacy - total population
50.4% (2023 est.)
Literacy - male
61.5% (2023 est.)
Literacy - female
41.5% (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total
9 years (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male
8 years (2023 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female
10 years (2023 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Republic of Senegal
Country name - conventional short form
Senegal
Country name - local long form
République du Sénégal
Country name - local short form
Sénégal
Country name - former
Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation
Country name - etymology
named for the Senegal River that forms the northern border of the country; the river's name may derive from "Azenegue," the Portuguese name for the Berber Zenaga people who lived north of the river, or it could come from a local word meaning "navigable"
Government type
presidential republic
Capital - name
Dakar
Capital - geographic coordinates
14 44 N, 17 38 W
Capital - time difference
UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, D.C., during Standard Time)
Capital - etymology
the name comes from the Wolof word n'dakar , meaning "tamarind tree"
Administrative divisions
14 regions ( régions , singular - région ); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kéedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Legal system
civil law system based on French law; Constitutional Council reviews legislative acts
Constitution - history
previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001
Constitution - amendment process
proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
at least one parent must be a citizen of Senegal
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
no, but Senegalese citizens do not automatically lose their citizenship if they acquire citizenship in another state
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE (since 2 April 2024)
Executive branch - head of government
Prime Minister Ousmane SONKO (since 2 April 2024)
Executive branch - cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Executive branch - election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single, renewable 5-year term
Executive branch - most recent election date
24 March 2024
Executive branch - election results
2024: Bassirou Diomaye FAYE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Bassirou Diomaye FAYE (PASTEF) 54%, Amadou BA (APR) 36%, other 10% 2019: Macky SALL reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%, other 5.5%
Executive branch - expected date of next election
March 2029
Legislative branch - legislature name
National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
unicameral
Legislative branch - number of seats
165 (all directly elected)
Legislative branch - electoral system
mixed system
Legislative branch - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - term in office
5 years
Legislative branch - most recent election date
11/17/2024
Legislative branch - parties elected and seats per party
Pastef Party (130); Coalition Takku Wallu Sénégal (16); Other (19)
Legislative branch - percentage of women in chamber
41.2%
Legislative branch - expected date of next election
November 2029
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon recommendation of the Superior Council of the Magistrates, a body chaired by the president and minister of justice; judge tenure varies, with mandatory retirement either at 65 or 68 years; Constitutional Council members are appointed, 5 by the president and 2 by the National Assembly speaker; judges serve 6-year terms, with renewal of 2 members every 2 years
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
High Court of Justice (for crimes of high treason by the president); Courts of Appeal; Court of Auditors; assize courts; regional and district courts; Labor Court
Political parties
Alliance for Citizenship and Work or ACT Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP AND (National Alliance for Democracy) And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS ARC (Alternative for the next generation of citizens) Awalé Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope); coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP Bokk Gis Gis coalition Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk Coalition Mimi 2024 Dare the Future movement Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT Democratic Renaissance Congress Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ Gainde Centrist Bloc or BCG General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR Grand Party or GP Gueum sa Bopp (Believe in yourself) Independence and Labor Party or PIT Jotna Coalition Liberate the People (Yewwi Askan Wi) or YAW Madicke 2019 coalition National Union for the People or UNP Only Senegal Movement Party for Truth and Development or PVD Party of Unity and Rally or PUR Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi PRP (Republican party for Progress) Rewmi Party Save Senegal (Wallu Senegal Grand Coalition) or WS; coalition includes PDS, Jotna Coalition, Democratic Renaissance Congress Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS Socialist Party or PS Tekki Movement Réewum Ngor (Republic of Values) Servants (Les Serviteurs)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Abdoul Wahab HAIDARA (since 24 July 2025)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
2215 M ST NW, Washington, D.C. 20037
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (202) 234-0540
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 629-2961
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
Diplomatic representation in the US - consulate(s) general
New York
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Michael RAYNOR (since 10 March 2022); note - also accredited to Guinea-Bissau
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
Route des Almadies, Dakar
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
2130 Dakar Place, Washington D.C. 20521-2130
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
[221] 33-879-4000
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
4 April 1960 (from France); 20 August 1960 (full independence after federation with Mali is dissolved)
National holiday
Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Flag
description: three equal vertical bands of green (left side), yellow, and red, with a small five-pointed green star centered on the yellow band; green stands for Islam, progress, and hope, yellow for natural wealth and progress, and red for sacrifice and determination; the star represents unity and hope history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
Flag - note
note: the colors from left to right are the same as Mali's flag and the reverse of Guinea's flag
National symbol(s)
lion
National color(s)
green, yellow, red
National anthem(s) - title
"Pincez tous vos koras, frappez les balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1960; lyrics written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem sometimes played incorporating the koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
7 (5 cultural, 2 natural)
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Island of Gorée (c); Niokolo-Koba National Park (n); Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary (n); Island of Saint-Louis (c); Stone Circles of Senegambia (c); Saloum Delta (c); Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula, and Bedik Cultural Landscapes (c)
Economy
Economic overview
lower middle-income, services-driven West African economy; key mining, construction, agriculture, and fishing industries; tourism and exports hit hard by COVID-19; large informal economy; developing offshore oil and gas fields; systemic corruption
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$83.183 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$77.82 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$74.642 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
6.9% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
4.3% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
3.9% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$4,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$4,300 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$4,200 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$32.267 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
0.8% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
5.9% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
9.7% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
15.5% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
25.4% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
49.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
65.8% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
16.4% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
32.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
0.8% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
28.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-43.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
rice, groundnuts, watermelons, millet, cassava, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, onions, milk (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair
Industrial production growth rate
20% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
5.763 million (2024 est.)
Labor force - note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2024
3% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2023
2.8% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2022
2.9% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate - note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - total
4.1% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - male
3.2% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - female
6.3% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021
36.2 (2021 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%
3% (2021 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10%
28.8% (2021 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances - Remittances 2023
10.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
10.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2021
11.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$7.749 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$9.267 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt - Public debt 2016
47.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
19.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues - note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance - Current account balance 2023
-$6.072 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
-$5.542 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2021
-$3.327 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2023
$7.001 billion (2023 est.)
Exports - Exports 2022
$7.418 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - Exports 2021
$6.78 billion (2021 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Mali 21%, India 12%, Switzerland 11%, China 5%, UAE 4% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
gold, refined petroleum, phosphoric acid, fish, cement (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2023
$14.916 billion (2023 est.)
Imports - Imports 2022
$14.698 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - Imports 2021
$12.278 billion (2021 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 19%, France 9%, Nigeria 7%, India 7%, Russia 5% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rice, garments, wheat (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Debt - external - Debt - external 2023
$14.985 billion (2023 est.)
Debt - external - note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
575.586 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
67.9% (2022 est.)
Electricity access - electrification - urban areas
96.6%
Electricity access - electrification - rural areas
43.4%
Electricity - installed generating capacity
1.772 million kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
7.547 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - imports
486 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
983 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
78.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - solar
7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - wind
9.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - hydroelectricity
3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
138,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - exports
21 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
181,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - total petroleum production
9,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
65,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Natural gas - production
34.646 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
34.604 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
8.303 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
399,000 (2023 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2 (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
22.4 million (2023 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
120 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media
over 25 private TV stations; state-run Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS) broadcasts from five cities; wide range of independent TV available via satellite; hundreds of radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar
Internet country code
.sn
Internet users - percent of population
61% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
357,000 (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
6V
Airports
20 (2025)
Railways - total
906 km (2017) (713 km operational in 2017)
Railways - narrow gauge
906 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
Merchant marine - total
36 (2023)
Merchant marine - by type
general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 30
Ports - total ports
6 (2024)
Ports - large
0
Ports - medium
1
Ports - small
1
Ports - very small
4
Ports - ports with oil terminals
4
Ports - key ports
Dakar, Karabane, Lyndiane, M'bao Oil Terminal, Rufisque, St. Louis
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Senegalese Armed Forces (les Forces Armées Sénégalaises, FAS): Army (l’Armée de Terre, AT), Senegalese National Navy (Marine Séenéegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (l'Arméee de l'Air du Séenéegal, AAS), National Gendarmerie Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
Military and security forces - note
note: the National Police operates in major cities, while the Gendarmerie under the FAS primarily operates outside urban areas; both services have specialized anti-terrorism units, and the Gendarmerie has both Territorial and Mobile components
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2024
1.6% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2023
1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2022
1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2021
1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2020
1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 25,000 active Armed Forces personnel, including the Gendarmerie (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military has a mix of older, secondhand, and some more modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, including China, France, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Türkiye, and the US (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18-28 (up to 35 for specialized roles); 24-month service commitment (2025)
Military deployments
190 Central African Republic (MINUSCA; plus about 575 police); approximately 380 police Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025)
Military - note
the Senegalese military is responsible for both territorial defense and internal security; it also assists the civilian government in such areas as preventive healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and disaster response; key areas of focus for the military include a low-level insurgency in the country's south, maritime security, and securing the border against smuggling and Sahel-based Islamist insurgent groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State; the military participates in foreign peacekeeping deployments and multinational exercises; its closest security partner is France, which has long maintained a military presence in Senegal Senegalese security forces have been engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC) since 1982; the conflict is one of longest running low-level insurgencies in the World, having claimed more than 5,000 lives while leaving another 60,000 displaced; in recent years, nearly all of the MDFC factions have agreed to cease hostilities (2025)
Terrorism
Terrorist group(s)
Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons - refugees
13,064 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - IDPs
5,922 (2024 est.)
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; droughts; seasonal flooding; overfishing; weak environmental laws; poaching
International environmental agreements - party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
International environmental agreements - signed, but not ratified
none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Land use - agricultural land
49.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 19.9% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 29.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
45.1% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
5.5% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
49.6% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
10.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
456,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
9.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from consumed natural gas
58,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
42.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Methane emissions - energy
37 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Methane emissions - agriculture
258.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Methane emissions - waste
89.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Methane emissions - other
4.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
2.454 million tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
11.9% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - municipal
261 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - industrial
1.416 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - agricultural
2.759 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
38.97 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Space
Space agency/agencies
Senegalese Space Study Agency (Agence Sénégalaise d'Etudes Spatiales or ASES; launched in 2023 under the Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation) (2025)
Space program overview
small, nascent program focused on earth observation/remote sensing capabilities, largely for climate resilience, environmental management, research, and socio-economic development; conducts research in fields such as astronomy and planetary sciences; has cooperated with space agencies in China, France, Turkey, and the US, as well as the ESA (2025)
Key space-program milestones
2023 - signed cooperation agreement with ESA to leverage space technology for socio-economic growth; established a space control center to provide infrastructure for satellite manufacturing and satellite services 2024 - first Earth observation/remote sensing nanosatellite (GaindeSat-1A) built with French assistance and launched by US; signed agreement with Turkey on space infrastructure advancement; agreed to participate in China's lunar exploration/research station project 2025 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration; signed agreement with France for capacity development in space infrastructure and Earth observation initiatives