All Roll Calls
Yes: 435 • No: 414
119-hr7567119th CongressWALLET
Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026
Sponsored By: Representative Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15]
Passed House
Summary
Reauthorizes and expands USDA programs and funding through 2031. This single Act bundles conservation, disaster and specialty‑crop aid, nutrition, rural development, research, forestry, energy, and farm‑biosecurity reforms into one package to reshape how the Department of Agriculture funds and runs core programs.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
189 provisions identified: 138 benefits, 7 costs, 44 mixed.
Help for rural wells and septic
If enacted, rural homeowners could get loans or subgrants up to $20,000 for a private well or a home septic system. Loans would have a 1% interest rate and up to a 20‑year term. To qualify, household income would need to be at or below 80% of the state’s nonmetro median. Congress is authorized to provide $20 million a year for 2027–2031.
Relief for struggling rural water systems
If enacted, USDA could offer zero‑ or 1% loans, loan forgiveness, fee waivers, refinancing, and longer terms to rural water and wastewater systems in disadvantaged or distressed areas. Systems would need a long‑term financial plan or to partner, regionalize, or consolidate. A national circuit rider program would provide technical and disaster help, with $25 million a year authorized for 2027–2031.
Bigger payments for forest easements
If enacted, landowners could get federal cost‑share for forest land easements, usually 50% of value and up to 75% for special forests or socially disadvantaged owners. For forest reserve enrollments, permanent easement payments would equal the land’s value before minus the encumbered value. Limited‑duration enrollments would pay 50% to 75% of the permanent amount. Payments would be capped at $500,000 per easement or contract. Easements would usually run 3 to 5 years unless a longer term is justified.
$4,000 minimum for CSP payments
If enacted, farmers in the Conservation Stewardship Program would get at least $4,000 each year. This sets a firm floor for annual CSP payments. It would raise income for participants who now receive less.
Bigger USDA farm loan limits
If enacted, farms could borrow more under USDA loans. Direct farm ownership loans would rise to $850,000. Guaranteed farm ownership loans would rise to $3,500,000 starting in fiscal year 2026. Direct operating loans would rise to $750,000 at enactment. Guaranteed operating loans would rise to $3,000,000 starting in fiscal year 2026. The microloan cap would increase to $100,000.
New disaster aid and online sign‑up
If enacted, specialty crop producers hit by qualifying events would get payments based on prior‑year specialty crop sales times a factor set by USDA. Normal farm program payment limits would apply, but if at least 75% of your average gross income is from farming, USDA could allow a per‑entity cap not less than $900,000. If extra funds are provided, USDA could also use block grants to cover disaster‑related revenue, quality, or production losses not covered elsewhere. USDA would put disaster program enrollment forms online as soon as practicable.
Stronger wildfire response and new tech
If enacted, the Forest Service would aim to contain wildfires on certain high‑risk national forest lands within 24 hours of detection. Only incident commanders could order backfires, unless needed for firefighter safety, and infrared tools would be used to keep prescribed fires contained. Within one year, agencies would start a pilot to test and deploy fire tech like AI, remote sensing, and private 5G, with yearly reports through 2031. The bill would also define who can use approved aerial fire retardants and which products qualify for safe‑harbor rules.
More conservation money and wider goals
If enacted, conservation funding from the Commodity Credit Corporation would be set at $2.53 billion (FY2027), $2.73 billion (FY2028), $3.13 billion (FY2029), $3.175 billion (FY2030), and $3.255 billion (FY2031). Set‑asides would include Forest Conservation Easements of $25 million (FY2027), $50 million (FY2028–FY2030), and $65 million (FY2031), plus $450 million each year for the Regional Conservation Partnership Program in FY2027–FY2031. The program’s goals would add flood and drought mitigation and wildlife and agricultural land conservation. Habitat connectivity and the Columbia Basin project area would be included in critical conservation areas.
Loan guarantees to expand sawmills
If enacted, USDA would identify, within 1 year and then at least every 5 years, Federal lands that are high priority for restoration. It could guarantee loans to build or improve sawmills and wood‑processing facilities in rural areas within 250 miles of those lands if the projects would lower restoration costs. Total guarantees could not exceed $220 million.
More money for farm export promotion
If enacted, the bill would fund agricultural trade promotion with Commodity Credit Corporation money: $255 million for FY2026; $500 million for FY2027; and $533 million for each year FY2028–FY2031. It would set minimum suballocations of at least $200 million in FY2026, $400 million in FY2027, and $410 million in FY2028–FY2031. Funds would stay available until spent.
New payments and rules for farm easements
If enacted, USDA could pay up to 65% of fair market value for most agricultural land easements. If a socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher owns at least 50%, USDA could pay up to 90%. Certain special grasslands could receive up to 75%. A lower cost‑share option would allow a federal share up to 25% if the eligible entity pays at least 50% in cash and accepts limits on inspections and enforcement. Small, administrative fixes to easements would be easier, but some lands would be ineligible, like land already protected by a similar easement or with hazards or incompatible uses. More organizations could qualify to hold easements, with some thresholds lowered.
Grants and big loans for food supply
If enacted, small meat and poultry processors could apply for competitive grants up to $500,000. The federal share would be up to 90% for grants of $100,000 or less and up to 75% for larger grants. USDA would also guarantee food‑supply loans up to $40,000,000 per project, including some nonrural facilities that mainly serve producers within 80 miles, with nonrural guarantees capped at 10% of annual principal. For FY2025–FY2029, USDA could reserve up to 5% of loan funds each year for reporting and evaluation, held until April 1.
New pesticide review steps and timelines
EPA’s pesticide working group would include USDA’s pest‑management lead and post annual reports online. The group would meet with industry and NGOs yearly. Before ESA‑related pesticide policies, EPA would consult agencies and post their input. Interim registration review decisions noticed before October 1, 2031 would include species‑protection measures, considering USDA input. USDA would send EPA the Multiple Crop and Pesticide Use Survey, make it public, and buy commercial use data, without Paperwork Reduction Act limits.
New rules for Dietary Guidelines
Starting with 2030, Dietary Guidelines would update at least every 10 years using formal rulemaking. Recommendations would need strong scientific agreement and would include strength‑of‑evidence ratings. An Independent Advisory Board would have strict 10‑year disclosure rules, with conflict plans posted within 30 days. Topics not relevant to dietary guidance would be excluded, and reports would focus on key health areas and access.
New pesticide review and PIP rules
If enacted, EPA would have to work with USDA on pesticide risk measures and publish the related economic analysis and how USDA data were used. The bill adds new definitions, including plant biostimulant and plant‑incorporated protectant. EPA would issue guidance within one year to exempt certain plant‑incorporated protectants from registration if they are within the plant’s gene pool, and could later remove an exemption by order. Residues of an exempt PIP would be exempt from food‑tolerance rules unless an order removes the exemption.
Upfront aid for forest repairs
If enacted, private, nonindustrial forest owners could choose to receive up to 75% of the cost of emergency restoration work in advance. USDA would set costs using State NRCS guide estimates. Any funds not spent within 180 days of receipt would have to be returned within a reasonable time.
Make SNAP online buying permanent
If enacted, SNAP online grocery buying would become a permanent nationwide program. USDA would start the transition within 120 days and issue rules within 2 years on fraud prevention, consumer protections, and fair rural access. USDA would consult stakeholders and report to Congress within 120 days.
More food help for seniors and food banks
If enacted, States could get competitive grants to deliver food to low‑income seniors. Each grant would be the lesser of $4,000,000 and the greater of (state caseload × 60) or $10,000. Emergency Food Assistance would extend through 2031, and States could order up to 20% of commodities through DoD Fresh. Authority to distribute surplus foods to special nutrition projects would also extend to 2031. The seniors’ farmers market program would run in 2027–2031 and add herbs, maple syrup, and tree nuts.
More protein and dairy incentives, plus breakfast milk
If enacted, SNAP incentives could include animal protein items. The dairy incentives program would expand to certain cheeses and yogurts and increase authorized funding to $50 million. Whole milk rules would clearly apply to school breakfasts as well as lunches.
Priority funding for rural childcare projects
If enacted, in FY2027–FY2029, USDA loans and grants would prioritize projects that expand childcare in rural areas. Covered programs include community facilities, business and industry loans, microentrepreneur assistance, and intermediary relending. USDA would spread awards across regions and require an evaluation within 3 years and a report within 4 years.
Grants to plant trees near homes
Within 90 days of enactment, USDA would start grants to plant trees to lower home energy use. The federal share could cover 90% of project costs. The goal is at least 300,000 trees each year. The bill authorizes $50 million per year for 2027 through 2030. Projects that help high‑burden, low‑canopy, or lower‑income areas, and areas with many seniors or children, would get priority.
Help heirs resolve land ownership
If enacted, USDA could partner with nonprofits to give heirs no‑cost legal and accounting help to fix undivided land ownership. Agreements would generally last up to 4 years, with extensions if needed. The relending program would be reauthorized through 2031. The bill authorizes $60 million each year for FY2027–FY2031 for this authority.
More rural energy efficiency loans
Tribes and nonprofit or public lenders would be able to get USDA loans and relend to rural consumers for energy upgrades. Lender loans could run up to 20 years, and consumer loans could match the useful life, up to 20 years, without undue burden. Lenders could elect a grant up to 5% of the loan, or 10% in persistent poverty counties. USDA would use 3%–5% of funds for outreach and technical help. Some rules would sunset on September 30, 2031.
Easier veterinary loan repayment access
If enacted, USDA would update how veterinarian shortage areas are set, including by practice type and state input. The Secretary would create methods to predict shortages and streamline applications within 1 year. Being in another similar program would not make a veterinarian ineligible for this loan repayment.
More rural workforce and college grants
If enacted, the RISE program would fund more workforce and career pathway projects in sectors like broadband, water, electric, health care, manufacturing, and agribusiness from 2027 to 2031. Colleges and career schools could apply and must include local workforce board members. A community college grant program would back training and hands‑on learning with local farms and conservation districts, also authorized for 2027–2031.
EQIP can pay 90% for precision tech
If enacted, USDA could cover up to 90% of costs for precision agriculture practices and technology under EQIP. This higher cost share would apply even if general program limits are lower.
Help to cut pump energy costs
If enacted, USDA would, within 180 days, post easy‑to‑read info on energy‑saving pumps and related programs. USDA would also release a tool that uses your pump details and electricity cost to estimate energy, cost, and CO2 savings. USDA would train energy auditors on pumping systems and add energy‑efficient pumping systems to the Conservation Stewardship Program list.
Pay to protect forests and wildlife
If enacted, USDA could buy conservation easements or other interests to protect working forests and habitat on eligible private or Tribal land. USDA could also pay for planning, materials, installation, maintenance, and training to create wildlife corridors on ecologically significant CRP land. You could not be paid twice for the same practice on the same land under this title.
USDA pays 75% to fight feral swine
If enacted, USDA would fund up to 75% of costs to control feral swine in designated threatened areas. Administrative expenses could not exceed 10% of total funds. Funding from the Commodity Credit Corporation would be $75 million for FY2019–2023, $15 million for FY2024, and $150 million for FY2025–2031, with 40% to NRCS and 60% to APHIS. Non‑federal shares could include in‑kind materials or services.
Easement payments kept out of AGI
If enacted, a landowner’s adjusted gross income would not include compensation for selling an agricultural land easement or a wetland reserve easement under the named program. Other payments under the subtitle would also not count toward the AGI limit in section 1001D(b)(1).
Faster conservation standards; composting counts
The Secretary would review every conservation practice standard within one year, then at least every five years, with public input. A faster path would create and convert interim standards, focusing on new tech like precision ag and biological fertilizers. The bill would also count on‑farm composting as a conservation practice, including using nearby organic waste, with EPA consulted to ensure a net cut in greenhouse gases.
Lower interest and simpler reporting for insured farmers
If enacted, starting with the 2026 reinsurance year, insurers could charge at most 1% simple interest per month on late crop insurance premiums, capped at 60 months. Farmers would only need to report owners with 10% or more beneficial interest, not 5%. You could also submit that ownership information later in the crop year unless your insurer finds the delay gives an unfair advantage.
New crop insurance options and rollout rules
If enacted, USDA would research an index-based frost insurance and insurance for mushroom production. The aim is to create new policies that fit those risks and short grow cycles. New products approved after July 1 would only launch that season if handbooks and training are posted at least 90 days before sales close. Insurers that support a product could access certain review data under confidentiality, and one insurer’s support could help show marketability.
Easier market sign‑up and more local food buying
If enacted, farmers and ranchers would use a single or shared application to be vendors for SNAP and related programs. States would provide suitable wireless or mobile payment tools for farmers markets and direct sellers. USDA would also fund local food purchases, with at least 25% from small, mid‑size, beginning, or veteran producers, and $200 million a year for FY2027–FY2031.
Broader crop insurance and reviews
Crop insurance would cover revenue losses when market prices drop, as long as the drop is not caused by the producer. The agency would review revenue limits for high‑value products within 12 months and every year after, and report planned changes. Approved insurance providers would get clear 90‑day timelines for appeals, and if the agency misses deadlines, the provider’s debt would be forgiven in most cases.
CCC support restored for tobacco
Tobacco would again be covered under the Commodity Credit Corporation. Tobacco producers would become eligible for CCC programs and support on the same basis as other covered commodities.
CRP continuous signup target to 2031
USDA would keep Conservation Reserve Program dates current and aim to enroll and maintain at least 8,600,000 acres under certain continuous enrollment rules by September 30, 2031. Payment amounts are not set here.
Easier interstate sales of livestock
Producers who raise covered livestock would be able to sell across State lines without States applying their production standards to animals raised elsewhere. Covered livestock includes animals raised for slaughter and for milk‑derived products. Animals raised mainly for egg production are not covered.
Easier loans for rural energy
Zero‑interest rural development loans would get reasonable repayment terms, and USDA would not require a letter of credit if it has collateral or other acceptable security. Producers would also be able to use storage facility loans to build or upgrade propane storage used mainly for farming.
Easier ownership test for loans
For operating loan rules, operators would meet the owner‑operator test if they own at least 50%. Qualified operators would count toward the operator test. An embedded entity would meet direct‑ownership rules if at least 75% is owned by qualified operators, and the Secretary could set other percentages in some cases.
Faster approval for farm advisors
More groups, including Tribes and State agencies, would be able to certify third‑party technical assistance providers. USDA would set an approval process within 180 days, decide on certifier requests in 60 days, and decide on provider applications in 30 days. Approved providers would be listed on a public registry.
Faster disaster aid for farms
Emergency Conservation Program payments would be available in advance: up to 75% for replacement or rehab and up to 50% for repairs, based on fair market value. Fencing upgrades would be allowed if they do not raise costs, and wildfire damage from spread would be eligible even if the fire started by the Federal Government. Tree Assistance payments would be available up front at fair market value, then reconciled later; this option would end on September 30, 2035. On floodplain easements, USDA would restore and maintain land and allow compatible uses like hunting, fishing, managed timber, haying, or grazing.
Faster, easier USDA farm loans
If enacted, USDA farm loans would be easier to get and faster to approve. Experience rules would drop from 3 years to 2 years, and 1 year would count in places now needing 1–2 years, including operational duties. Owner-operator eligibility would be clear at 50% ownership, and embedded entities could qualify if 75% is owned by qualified operators. USDA would offer a short application for guarantees up to $1,000,000 with 5‑business‑day decisions by Preferred/Certified lenders and set guarantee tiers: 90% up to $125,000; 75% for $125,001–$500,000; 50% for $500,001–$1,000,000. A pilot to speed farm ownership loan approvals would start within 1 year and end September 30, 2031.
Grants for tractor rollover bars
If enacted, farmers and ag schools would get grants to buy, move, and install approved rollover protection on tractors. Grants would generally cover 70% of documented costs. If your documented cost is over $500, USDA could raise the grant share. A single program administrator would run applications, a website, and a help line.
Help for watershed fixes and contracts
USDA would fund technical and financial help to repair completed watershed projects that wore out early, outlived their design life, or were damaged by bigger‑than‑design storms. Cost shares would follow each local agreement. For stewardship contracts of 5–20 years signed after enactment, if the agency cancels, it would pay the smaller of 10% of the contract or the unrecovered amortized costs.
More REAP help for new tech
At least 10% of REAP funds each year would be set aside for underused renewable energy technologies. These grants would cover up to 25% of a project’s installation or maintenance costs, with at least two solicitations per year. Agricultural co‑ops with fewer than 2,500 employees would be eligible, and a referenced project cap would rise to $50 million. Waste energy recovery would be added as an eligible technology. Unused reserve funds after one year would return to REAP.
More support for precision agriculture
Precision agriculture would be added to AGARDA’s eligible work, and USDA could fund other projects the Secretary approves. Several program terms would be extended, including some to 13 years and a date to 2031. Programs would also be able to finance buying precision ag tools to reduce costs and improve environmental results.
More support for rural microbusinesses
Microenterprise grants would be able to cover up to 100% of a project, and loans would cover up to 50% of real‑estate improvements. The per‑project cap would rise to $75,000 for fiscal years 2027–2031, with a small extra rule for persistent‑poverty counties. USDA would have to renew Rural Cooperative Development Grants for nonprofits that request renewal and meet conditions, with priority updated to socially vulnerable, underserved, or distressed communities. State agricultural mediation grants would rise from $500,000 to $700,000 a year, allow up to 25% carryover, and include Tribes as States.
New crop insurance pilots and R&D
If enacted, a pilot in at least 10 Texas counties would start with the 2027 crop year and stop reductions to insurance guarantees for late‑planted crops for at least four years, with a report due after crop year 2031. USDA would research catastrophic‑loss coverage for swine (report due in 1 year), prevented planting options for non‑perennial specialty crops (R&D in 1 year; report in 18 months), and a wine‑grape smoke exposure policy (R&D in 1 year; could be available within 18 months if requirements are met; report in 2 years). USDA’s Specialty Crops Coordinator would lead efforts to improve and expand specialty crop insurance.
New crop insurance reviews and options
Starting in 2027, the crop insurance program would review quality-loss rules every five years and finish each review within one year. Each review would include regional farm input and a report to Congress. USDA would also study harvest incentives for revenue insurance within one year. If section 508(h) rules are met, a new policy would be offered within 24 months, and USDA would report results within one year.
New funds for crop mechanization
USDA would reserve $30 million each year, 2027–2031, for a specialty crop mechanization and automation research and extension program. Funds would support prototyping, testing, industry engagement, and commercialization. USDA could waive matching funds in some cases, such as minor commodities or projects with broad benefits.
Refinance distressed FSA farm loans
If enacted, USDA would write rules within 1 year to let some distressed FSA‑guaranteed loans become FSA direct loans. This would apply only if the loan is nonperforming, lacks positive cash flow at available terms, and the borrower is in default and facing liquidation or foreclosure. The Secretary would need to find the farm has a reasonable chance to succeed. Any refinanced direct loan would still follow direct loan limits.
Simpler grants for local food and co‑ops
If enacted, the Local Agriculture Market Program would add a simple grant path for requests under $100,000, with 10%–50% of funds reserved for these smaller awards. It would define “food hub,” allow special‑purpose equipment, and require stakeholder engagement. The bill would also define “cooperative development” for Rural Cooperative Development Grants. For the ACER maple syrup grants, USDA would consult industry at least 6 months before each solicitation (starting with the first request at least 1 year after enactment) and keep funds available through 2031 until spent.
USDA loans for fishing and seafood
Commercial fishing and fish processing would count as farming for USDA loans. Loans could help buy permits, vessels, vessel upgrades, and processing facilities. Farm Credit lenders would also be able to serve businesses that provide services to seafood producers and harvesters. USDA would study aquaculture sites in Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands within 180 days.
Agricultural trade enforcement task force
Within 30 days, the President would create a joint task force to target ag trade barriers and pursue disputes. It would consult stakeholders and report to Congress every quarter. The first report in 90 days would include a plan to start WTO consultations on India’s minimum price supports.
Annual reports on fuels treatments
Beginning the first fiscal year after enactment, the Secretary would add yearly hazardous‑fuels reports to the President’s budget. Reports would show treated acres once, list wildland‑urban interface acres, hazard levels, activity types, costs per acre, regions, and effectiveness. Standard tracking must start within 90 days, with a procedures report to Congress 45 days later. The Comptroller General would study results within two years. No new funds are authorized.
Aquaculture report and advisory committee
Within one year and then yearly, USDA would report to Congress on U.S. aquaculture. The report would cover production, workforce, plans, capital needs, and regulatory barriers, with full reviews at least every three years. Within 180 days, USDA would also form a 14‑member Aquaculture Advisory Committee that meets at least three times a year and ends five years after appointment unless renewed.
At least $200M for child wasting food
For fiscal years 2027 through 2031, at least $200 million each year would buy and deliver ready‑to‑use therapeutic foods to treat child wasting, but only if two conditions are met. The conditions are: the latest global estimate of child wasting is above 5%, and total Title II emergency food aid funding is over $1.2 billion for that year.
Faster forest fuel work and utility upkeep
This bill would let certain fuel‑reduction projects skip lengthy environmental reviews. Projects must be 10,000 acres or less, with no more than 3,000 acres of mechanical thinning, and be coordinated with affected parties. Routine vegetation work for electric lines on national forests would also be excluded from NEPA, Endangered Species Act section 7, and National Historic Preservation Act section 106 reviews. No new permanent roads would be allowed and temporary roads must be closed within three years. Wilderness areas and places where Congress bars removal would be excluded.
Faster wildfire recovery contracts at Kaibab
USDA would be able to use emergency contracting rules to speed White Sage Fire recovery work in the Kaibab National Forest. The Secretary must report to Congress within 180 days of first use and every 180 days after. The authority could be extended 12 months if another fire starts in the area. It ends after five years or when recovery is done.
Grants to map and plan rural broadband
If enacted, USDA could award grants up to $50,000 for local broadband data collection that meets FCC standards and feeds federal maps. USDA would also fund groups to give rural communities hands‑on help with applications, feasibility studies, design, financing, and data work. Tribes, governments, colleges, nonprofits, cooperatives, and companies could apply, with priority for teams that have helped rural communities before.
More checks on foreign farm land deals
USDA would appoint a senior official to oversee AFIDA investigations, hire staff, audit the foreign‑land database each year, and refer cases to CFIUS or law enforcement. Within 180 days and annually, USDA and Homeland Security would report national‑security risks from foreign ownership or control of U.S. farm land, including acres per state, food and biosecurity risks, and proximity to critical infrastructure. Within three years, USDA would build a single digital database of foreign‑owned farm land; it must be audited within 180 days of launch and then yearly. Filer names and prices would not be public for at least 30 days after filing.
More forest restoration through 2031
The Joint Chiefs program would act at least once every two fiscal years and run through 2031. The Collaborative Forest Landscape program would expand (pathogens, WUI, watershed protection) and fund up to four projects per region per year from FY2027 to FY2031. Healthy Forests and insect and disease response authorities would extend to 2031. The State and Private Forest Landscape‑Scale Restoration program would also extend to 2031.
More USDA programs stay authorized to 2031
A rural partnership grant program would extend to 2031. Many USDA program authorizations would be pushed to 2027–2031 or to 2031. The Forest Service could keep using conveyance and lease authorities through September 30, 2031. Personnel reporting and U.S. Drought Monitor references would also move to 2031.
National farm flood risk study
Within two years, USDA would deliver a nationwide farm flood vulnerability report. It would estimate crop and livestock losses for different flood frequencies, assess river, coastal, storm surge, extreme rain, and flash flooding data, and review downstream effects of mitigation. It would list current on‑farm practices and recommend added steps to lower risk.
New biochar projects and carbon tools
If Congress provides funding, agencies would fund biochar demonstration projects in each Forest Service and BLM region within two years. Projects should use at least 50% forest thinning or mill residues and favor job creation and high wildfire‑risk areas. Within two years, the Forest Service would launch a public data platform to measure forest and wood‑product carbon, without authorizing carbon credit trading on national forests. Within one year, the Forest Service would plan to expand tree nursery capacity nationwide.
Perishable produce trade working group
If enacted, an interagency group would track seasonal and perishable fruit and vegetable trade. It would meet with producers, coordinate on investigations, and recommend programs or assistance to affected growers.
Precision ag standards and FCC review
Within two years, USDA, NIST, and the FCC would develop voluntary, industry‑led standards and best practices for precision agriculture. The FCC would review satellite and related rules and, within 15 months, send Congress recommendations to improve connectivity for precision ag. GAO would assess the standards’ development and adoption one year after they are set and every two years for eight years.
Rural Development Innovation Center starts
USDA would set up a Rural Development Innovation Center to cut red tape and improve access to programs. The Center would keep a modernization plan, test digital tools, work with stakeholders, and share lessons. The Secretary would report to Congress each year on progress.
Sequoia protection grants and fast projects
If enacted, agencies would run a 7‑year emergency program to protect giant sequoias. Fast-track projects would be allowed on limited acres: up to 2,000 acres inside groves and up to 3,000 acres on nearby lands, with public notice and extraordinary-circumstances checks. The Secretary would aim to reduce hazardous fuels in at least three groves each year. Grants would help Tribes, nonprofits, local governments, universities, and small businesses do restoration and build markets for biomass. A new fund would channel private gifts, with at least 15% going to Tribal management.
Tougher farm trade push and import clarity
Within 30 days, the President would form an Agricultural Trade Enforcement Task Force to target trade barriers and report every quarter. The first report in 90 days would include a plan to file WTO consultations on India’s price supports. An interagency group would also track trade in seasonal and perishable fruits and vegetables and suggest help for affected growers. Within 180 days, USDA, with Fish and Wildlife and Customs, would issue guidance so plant importers detained under the Lacey Act get clear reasons, expected detention length, replicable test details, and what info could speed release.
Use grazing to cut wildfire risk
Within 18 months, the Agriculture and Interior Departments would create a strategy to use livestock grazing to lower wildfire risk on federal lands. The plan would expand targeted and temporary permits, allow grazing on vacant allotments during drought or wildfire after needed reviews, and support post‑fire recovery. Grazing must fit land plans and avoid conflicts with other uses.
Easier fresh produce in child care
If enacted, USDA and HHS would label many raw fruits and vegetables as low risk. Child care rules would be updated so providers can serve fresh produce more easily. States would need to align their rules and protect providers from penalties. States that do not comply could lose certain funds.
90% federal share for watershed repairs
If enacted, the federal government would pay 90% of the cost to rehab covered watershed structures. Local sponsors would pay about 10%. These rehab projects would no longer need at least 20% direct agricultural benefits.
More aid for rural volunteer fire departments
If enacted, USDA could waive the federal match for rural volunteer fire departments. More types of local, nonprofit, or government‑organized fire groups would qualify. Some population or staffing thresholds would be loosened so more groups can get help.
More years and pilots for rural broadband
If enacted, the Middle Mile broadband program would be authorized for 2027 through 2031. A new Innovative Broadband Advancement Program would fund rural demos. It would authorize $10 million per year from 2027 to 2031. Terrestrial projects would have 5 years to build. Satellite projects would need latency at or below 250 ms and would cut equipment costs for qualified rural users.
Rural water and waste grants extended
If enacted, the emergency community water grant authority would run from 2027 through 2031. Solid waste management grants would also cover 2027 through 2031, and Tribes would be eligible grantees. These changes keep grant programs active, but they do not provide funding by themselves.
Help keep rural health facilities open
If enacted, USDA would offer tailored technical help for rural health facilities, with up to $2 million a year in FY2027–FY2031. More types of rural facilities could refinance debt. Facilities would receive financial planning help and prepare long‑term plans. USDA could waive a refinancing rule if a facility is insolvent.
Keep key nutrition and rural programs authorized to 2031
If enacted, many nutrition, rural, and conservation programs would be authorized through 2031 or the 2027–2031 period. This would keep legal authority in place so those programs can continue to operate and be funded.
More farm research and new centers
If enacted, many USDA research and education programs would stay authorized through 2031. The Agriculture research chief would set agreements with DOE, NSF, DOD, and HHS within 1 year, using competitive reviews. The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative would add new topics like controlled‑environment systems and workforce training. USDA would create Centers of Excellence for listed areas with 5‑year awards, renewable once. USDA would also add many high‑priority research topics and report to Congress by February 1, 2028, and every other year after.
More support for land-grant and tribal colleges
If enacted, land‑grant funding would be set at not less than prior amounts, creating a floor. Eligible institutions could buy, repair, and operate research equipment. Tribal (1994) colleges would also gain clear authority to buy and use needed equipment.
Research and biobased programs extended
The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative would extend to 2031. The Biobased Markets Program and the biomass research program would also extend to 2031. The Sun Grant program’s statutory percentage would rise from 4% to 30% and run through FY2031.
$100M yearly for state soil health
If enacted, $100 million would be available each year from FY2027 through FY2031 for state and tribal soil health grants. A recipient’s grant each year would be capped at $5,000,000 or a share of project cost, whichever is lower. States could receive up to 50% of costs; Tribes up to 75%. USDA could use up to 3% for admin costs, and recipients up to 7%. Grants would be one‑year and renewable, with audits and possible disqualification for noncompliance.
USDA land access guide for farmers
USDA would publish a land access and farmland ownership report and update it at least every two years. It would list federal, state, and private programs that help with buying land, down payments, subsidized interest, clearing heirs’ property title, surveys, remediation, infrastructure, planning, legal and financial help, Tribal consultation, and getting a USDA farm number.
Boost for farm-based aviation fuels
If enacted, USDA would treat certain wood and forest residues as qualified renewable biomass and assign them a carbon intensity of not greater than zero when use does not convert forests to other land. USDA would publish guidance within 180 days and consult with EPA and DOE. USDA would also set a department‑wide strategy to scale sustainable aviation fuels by coordinating across agencies, leveraging farm and forest feedstocks, supporting rural jobs, and using public‑private partnerships.
Plan ahead to keep export markets
If enacted, USDA, in consultation with the U.S. Trade Representative, would pre‑negotiate regionalization, zoning, or compartment agreements with foreign governments for known animal‑disease threats. The goal would be to reduce export disruptions during outbreaks.
Clear labels for biobased products
If enacted, USDA would set national labeling rules within one year for terms like biobased and plant‑based product. The rules would use existing definitions where they fit and include input from industry and growers. This would make labels clearer for producers and buyers.
Freeze insurer reimbursements at 2026 levels
If enacted, reimbursement rates for approved crop insurance providers and agents in 2027 and later would stay at the 2026 rate. This would keep provider payments stable instead of falling in future years.
More Farm Credit lending and clarity
If enacted, Farm Credit institutions could finance essential community facilities, up to 15% of their outstanding loans, starting October 1, 2026. They would have to offer a share of the financing to at least one domestic lender and report that offer. The Farm Credit Administration would be the sole regulator for covered activities, unless a later law says otherwise. Farm Credit institutions could hold more control in Rural Business Investment Companies, raising the limit from 50 to 75.
More financing for rural utilities and biorefineries
If enacted, the bank for cooperatives could finance more rural waste, telecom, and electricity projects. The biorefinery loan guarantee cap would rise from $250 million to $400 million. USDA would set technical review agreements with applicants and allow up to 90 days to fix deficiencies. Some viability demonstrations could be waived for proven technologies.
More federal buying of biobased goods
If enacted, federal buyers would get guidance on product life, savings, and performance for biobased goods. The government would collect and publish procurement data each year, list agencies with biobased programs, and note where products are not available to meet needs. Public reports would follow open records rules.
Cap on CRP land per county
The bill would cap enrollment so no more than 25% of a county’s cropland could be in the Conservation Reserve Program or in wetland reserve easements. This would apply county by county. In high‑demand counties, some producers would be unable to enroll more acres and get payments.
Limits on USDA aid for solar
USDA would be barred from funding ground‑mounted solar that converts covered farmland, except for two narrow cases. Projects under 5 acres would be allowed. Projects under 50 acres would be allowed only if most energy is used on the farm and local governments approve, and only after a conservation plan and decommissioning funds are in place. USDA would not fund projects that use solar parts from countries of concern.
No seed cotton pay with SIPP
Starting with the 2026 crop year, if enacted, a farm that gets SIPP coverage for upland cotton would not receive seed cotton payments under PLC or ARC for that same year. You would need to choose which support to use for upland cotton each crop year.
More wetland help, but loan limits
If enacted, landowners in wetland reserve easements could get payments up to 100% of eligible repair, maintenance, and enhancement costs. USDA would create a 5‑year stewardship plan and report to Congress within 2 years, and reserve at least 15% of funds for enhancement. Easement applications from socially disadvantaged producers could be ranked in a separate pool. Rural Development loans and grants could not fund draining or filling wetlands, with narrow exceptions for earlier projects, maintenance, utility lines, or permitted work.
Stricter rules to import dogs
If enacted, no dog could be imported unless USDA gets electronic proof before transport that the dog is healthy, vaccinated, treated for parasites with negative tests, and permanently identified. Dogs for transfer would generally need to be at least 6 months old and have an import permit. USDA would write rules within 18 months, build an electronic submission system and database, share certificates with State vets within 3 days, and post origin and purpose data each year. Some exceptions would apply, like returning U.S.-origin pets, military working dogs, certain research or treatment imports, and limited Hawaii entries. USDA would be allowed to set fees and to enforce quarantine, care, return, or forfeiture at the importer’s or carrier’s expense if rules are broken.
States could hire SNAP processors temporarily
If enacted, States could use contractors to process SNAP cases during pandemics, disasters, seasonal surges, staffing shortages, application spikes, or when payment errors are 6% or higher. Contractors could not be paid to delay or deny benefits and cannot have ties to approved stores. States must notify USDA, which would post notices within 10 days. The temporary authority would end when backlogs are cleared or the error rate drops below 6%.
Forest easements: protections and flexibility
If your forest easement work would net-help a listed or priority species, USDA would offer ESA safe‑harbor or similar protections. If extra measures or permits are needed beyond your plan, the program would cover those costs. USDA could also subordinate, modify, exchange, or terminate some easements if strict tests are met, including public interest, equal or higher conservation value, and full federal compensation for terminations.
Rural home energy upgrades expand, with caps
If enacted, the Rural Energy Savings Program could finance more types of work, including cost‑effective renewables, energy storage, and replacing a manufactured home or large appliance when that saves energy. The program would run 2027–2031. Special advances would have to be made in the first 10 years of a loan. No more than 10% of yearly loan funds could be used for housing or appliance replacements.
Yearly updates to conservation pay rates
The bill would require a yearly, State-by-State review of conservation practice costs and payments. If you have a conservation contract, your rate would be updated to match the year you do the work. Some producers would get higher pay, and others would get lower pay. It would also add virtual fencing and other non‑structural tools to approved practices, with technical help to use them.
Unified honey definition and U.S. testing
If enacted, USDA would start, within 180 days, working with FDA and Customs on one federal honey definition. Talks would stop if FDA issues its own standard. Testing that backs honey claims would have to be done by U.S. labs using approved methods. Foreign certificates alone would not count.
Farm loan costs and terms change
If enacted, covered USDA direct farm loans would be capped at 5% annual interest. Guaranteed loans could face an initial fee up to 3% of the guaranteed amount and a periodic fee up to 0.75% of the outstanding balance. The bill would also change the inflation index used in certain loan adjustments to average per‑acre farm, cropland, and pasture values.
Dairy programs extended; new reporting
Dairy program authorities would be extended through 2031. Manufacturers who already report would have to submit production costs and product yields for all products made in the same facility. USDA would publish a report within two years and then every two years. For each year after enactment, reports would be due within 18 months after year‑end.
More conservation help, but 50% partner cash
If enacted, USDA would expand technical help, including organic support across many agencies, funded each year from 2023 through 2031. USDA would pay third‑party technical helpers at rates up to its own cost, and those payments would not count toward a producer’s cost share. Partners could get reimbursements or advances through a single, simpler process, and USDA would have 180 days to sign selected partnership agreements and post waiver request steps. Farmer‑to‑farmer networks would get support. Eligible partners would need to provide at least 50% of project costs in cash.
Pilot for more in-state meat sales
If enacted, some custom‑exempt slaughter facilities could sell meat directly to consumers inside their State under a pilot. Sales would require clear labels, in‑State only sales, and a no‑resale rule, plus humane, sanitation, recordkeeping, and inspection standards. States could approve up to 5 facilities each, with a national cap of 10 at first; the pilot would end September 30, 2031. USDA would issue guidance within 90 days and expand approvals after 2 years only if no emergency actions were needed. USDA would also do yearly outreach in FY2027–FY2031 to States with inspection programs but no selected establishment and report results to Congress.
Wood grants: higher match, new priorities
If enacted, Wood Innovation grants would require a 50% applicant match. Grants could fund hauling and new facilities that use material removed to reduce wildfire risk. USDA could favor projects in high‑unemployment counties, those using or retrofitting existing mills, or those that boost carbon‑smart building and local jobs.
Ban on interstate greyhound racing
Starting October 1, 2027, it would be illegal to run commercial greyhound races in interstate or foreign commerce, take wagers across state lines, or move dogs for those races. Violations would be punishable by fines, up to seven years in prison, or both.
Faster tree removal to cut risks
If enacted, USDA would create a NEPA categorical exclusion within 1 year to remove dangerous trees near certain roads, trails, and recreation sites (up to 6,000 acres), while barring use in wilderness and other protected areas. The Secretary could also dispose of timber without an appraisal when extreme risks like wildfire, storms, or pests threaten a forest unit. Utilities could be allowed to cut and remove vegetation near power lines under permits consistent with land plans. If a utility sells removed material, it would have to give the sale proceeds (minus transport costs) to the Secretary.
Food and farm biosecurity grants and pilot
A new competitive grant program would back research, teaching, and facility upgrades to defend food and farms from chemical, biological, cyber, or bioterror threats in 2027–2031. Within 100 days, USDA would start a 3‑year pilot letting up to 75 approved operators move certain engineered microorganisms between qualified containment sites without a permit, with strict packaging, records, and fast release reporting (notify APHIS in 48 hours and a written report in 5 business days). USDA could also open more detector‑dog training sites and run off‑site programs with states to strengthen inspections.
Food for Peace moves, 50% for food
Food for Peace authorities used on or after January 1, 2026 would shift from USAID to USDA. USDA would update rules and consult with the State Department. Each year, no more than 50% of Title II funds could be spent on non‑procurement, so at least half would buy U.S.-grown commodities and ocean shipping.
New forest project rules: faster and limits
More partners, including special districts, could use Good Neighbor Authority and build new permanent roads when needed for restoration, with federal approval. Some communications projects on National Forest land would skip new NEPA review if using existing or already analyzed sites. Land plans would not have to restart ESA consultation when a new species is listed or new info appears. But vegetation projects using a categorical exclusion would be capped at 4,500 acres in forests and 7,500 acres in rangelands.
New rules for USDA animal research
USDA‑funded REE research would not be allowed to cause unrelieved pain to pet dogs or cats, with an exception for training dogs to safeguard agriculture. REE‑funded vertebrate research would not be allowed in or with China, Russia, or other countries of concern unless the Under Secretary grants a waiver. The Under Secretary would have to notify Congress at least 30 days before any waiver and explain why.
Repeal of older food and energy sections
Several named sections from the 2008 and 1998 farm laws would be repealed. This would remove the authorities and program rules in those sections. Actual effects would depend on which programs were removed and any follow‑up actions.
Stronger checks on foreign farm deals
AFIDA penalties would be clearer and higher: up to 25% for failures, and 5%–25% for knowing false reports, with public naming. USDA must share AFIDA data with CFIUS within one year and update guidance within two years and every ten years. The Agriculture Secretary would join CFIUS for ag‑related deals and flag reportable farmland buys by listed countries under AFIDA. Agencies would bar foreign adversaries and state sponsors of terrorism from buying U.S. agricultural land. USDA’s homeland security office would assess food‑system risks within one year and at least every two years, run yearly crisis exercises, and brief Congress.
Temporary shield for aerial fire retardant
Courts would not be able to block certain aerial uses of fire retardant or water enhancers if they follow the February 16, 2023 EPA–Forest Service agreement. The shield would apply only until a Clean Water Act permit takes effect and would end five years after enactment. It would not protect uses that do not follow the agreement.
New cost-shares and rules for watersheds
If enacted, the Water Source Protection Program would add more partner types and define adjacent land in the same watershed. Non‑Federal partners would generally need to cover at least 50% of costs, unless USDA waives it. USDA could approve stronger emergency watershed restoration when it helps long‑term health. States, Tribes, or local sponsors could pay some costs before a deal and count them later if an agreement is signed.
Tighter targeting for rural broadband funds
If enacted, broadband applicants would have to submit full map files. USDA would check provider claims and use FCC maps to confirm which rural areas are unserved. An area would not count as unserved if another program obligated 100/20 service in the last 5 years. One grant program would raise minimum recipients from 10 to 25 and increase the minimum area size, and applicants would need to meet the program’s speed rules.
New ownership rules for livestock markets
If enacted, market agencies would be allowed to own, finance, or help manage a packer, but only if the packer’s capacity stays below set limits (for cattle and sheep, under 2,000 head/day or 700,000/year; for hogs, under 10,000/day or 3,000,000/year). Agencies would have to disclose ownership, finance, or management ties to sellers. USDA would update its rules within 1 year, and its broader authority under the Packers and Stockyards Act would remain.
No USDA broadband price controls
If enacted, the Agriculture Secretary would not be allowed to regulate broadband rates under Title VI. This would limit federal rate control in USDA broadband programs.
Tighter Farm Credit lending limits
If enacted, Farm Credit institutions could not treat loans as qualified if total lending to one borrower tops 10% of tier 1 capital. The bill would also lower Farm Credit export‑lending authority by switching its cap to 15% of total assets. These steps would reduce large exposures and export lending capacity.
Grain inspection rules updated to 2033
If enacted, the grain standards funding window would run from 2026 through 2033. The Secretary could require inspections of domestic grain loaded or unloaded at export‑port locations. The law would rename certain accounts as trust funds and allow admin spending on equipment and technology. USDA would prioritize better grading technology and update weighing references to include official agencies, with date extensions to 2033.
Farm loans serviced during shutdowns
If enacted, USDA staff would keep servicing marketing assistance loans and sugar program loans during a lapse in federal funding. The work would count as emergency services so loan support would continue.
Easier adoptions from federal labs
If enacted, every federal research agency would set standards within 1 year to place eligible animals—like dogs, cats, nonhuman primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits—when no longer needed for research. Only qualified rescues, sanctuaries, or shelters could receive animals, with lifetime‑care and visitation rules. A licensed vet must issue a health certificate within 10 days before release.
Modern notice delivery for borrowers
If enacted, required notices could be sent by any method that proves delivery, not only registered or certified mail. This would speed delivery and reduce mailing hassles for borrowers and lenders.
Protect SNAP users: fee ban and safer cards
If enacted, the ban on certain SNAP participation fees would become permanent. USDA would also propose stronger EBT card security rules within 6 months to reduce fraud and protect users.
Study help on heirs property
USDA would study how 1890 Institutions could expand help with heirs property and other farm land transfers. The report to Congress would be due by September 30, 2026. The bill defines heirs property using specific tenancy-in-common rules.
Direct hiring for conservation and Forest Service
If enacted, USDA could directly hire qualified people into NRCS technical jobs without many standard hiring steps. Starting in FY2026 and after, the Forest Service could directly hire qualified Job Corps graduates into competitive jobs. All hires would still need to meet federal qualification standards.
New training grants for veteran farmers
If enacted, USDA would award competitive grants to expand farming and ranching opportunities for veterans. Recipients would have to match grants dollar‑for‑dollar. Congress is authorized to provide $3 million each year for FY2025 through FY2031.
Broader mix of REAP energy projects
If enacted, USDA would aim to fund a diverse mix of projects under the Rural Energy for America Program. This would help more technologies and applicants get assistance.
More help for underserved rural areas
If enacted, USDA would provide technical help within 1 year to boost access to rural development programs in geographically underserved or distressed areas. USDA would publish annual public reports starting 1 year after enactment on how this help affected those areas.
More time to qualify as veteran farmer
If enacted, the veteran farmer window would extend from 5 years to 10 years. Veteran farmers would be explicitly eligible for programs that help beginning farmers. You would need to claim veteran farmer status within the 10‑year window.
New USDA Office to help seafood
If enacted, USDA would create an Office of Seafood to coordinate programs and help fishermen access Department services. The Office would work with the Department of Commerce and other agencies to support the seafood industry.
Forest Service may waive some fees
If enacted, the Forest Service could waive part or all of certain program and special‑use fees on national forests. Waivers could apply to state or local governments, some nonprofits, and amateur radio users when the Chief finds it equitable and in the public interest. Municipal utilities and some cooperatives are excluded from one waiver category.
More data for grapes and organic milk
If enacted, USDA would survey grape production in every State within 1 year and publish detailed results online. It would also run added yearly surveys for 3 years in the 5 top grape‑producing States. USDA would collect and publish organic milk cost‑of‑production and price data, start a monthly Organic All Milk Prices Survey for at least six key regions, and continue comparable reports through 2031.
HACCP help for small processors
If enacted, USDA would post a list of studies and model HACCP plans for small and very small meat and poultry plants within 18 months. A guidance document would follow within 2 years after public comment. The agency would not publish confidential business information.
Longer timeline for SNAP decertification
If enacted, a SNAP store could be decertified only after failing standards on two consecutive occasions within three years. This would make immediate decertification less likely for retailers.
Report on hurricane wind index outages
If enacted, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation would report to Congress within one year on weather‑radio outages and the hurricane wind index. The report would cover the prior five years, any loss of coverage caused by outages, and a backup data plan. The agency would consult NOAA.
Bigger grants for community wood projects
If enacted, the program would be renamed Community Wood Facilities. Each award could be up to $5,000,000. Projects could include building or retrofitting forest products manufacturing, with mainly forest biomass feedstock. The energy threshold would rise to 15 megawatts thermal or combined thermal and electric. Program authority would run through 2031.
Easier approval for innovation centers
USDA would be able to waive a requirement for an Agriculture Innovation Center if the group has an adequate board of directors. The program’s authorization reference would run through 2031. This would make it easier for eligible centers to qualify and keep operating.
Faster small range repairs for grazers
Grazing permit holders would be able to do small fixes—like fences, wells, pipelines, and stock tanks—after giving 30 days’ notice. The district ranger would have to approve or respond within 30 days. If the agency does the work, it would have to notify the district office and speed it up. USDA would issue rules within one year of enactment.
Faster Tree Assistance decisions and timelines
If enacted, USDA would have 120 days to approve or deny Tree Assistance Program applications. Approved growers would have up to 2 years after approval to finish replacement or rehab, unless more time is needed to ensure tree survival.
Loans for precision agriculture tools
If enacted, farmers could use Conservation Loans or guarantees to buy or adopt precision agriculture tools. Loans could also support taking part in EQIP. The authority would run through 2031.
Looser rules for grazing and farm equipment
If enacted, more National Forest System land would be eligible for grazing leases and permits. Some agricultural tractors and self‑propelled farm equipment used to spray, fertilize, or harvest covered commodities would be exempt from certain Clean Air Act Section 213 standards. This would lower some regulatory barriers and compliance costs.
More Forest Service service contracts
USDA Forest Service would rename a program and add professional and administrative services to the list of allowed services. This would create more chances for businesses and self‑employed providers to contract with the agency.
Training for ag innovators and veterans
If enacted, USDA would create an Agricultural Innovation Corps to train researchers and students to bring farm ideas to market. Participants could get small follow‑on grants for very early prototypes. USDA would also fund an Armed to Farm initiative, with $1.5 million a year for FY2027–FY2031 dedicated to veterans’ activities.
USDA must prove its case on appeal
If enacted, in USDA appeals, the agency would have to show substantial evidence that its decision was valid. This shift would make it easier for producers and program participants to challenge adverse decisions.
USDA posts commodity board audits
USDA would post each commodity board’s audits, approved activities and budgets, and evaluation results. It would post the prior five full fiscal years within 180 days and each new year’s information within 365 days after year‑end. This would give producers better insight into board spending and results.
USDA report on buying barriers
If enacted, USDA would, within 1 year, report to Congress on how it buys food and the barriers faced by nontraditional, culturally relevant, and local or regional producers. The report would also review diet quality and access in procured foods and recommend changes.
Commissions on farm transitions and data
USDA would create a Commission on Farm Transitions within 60 days to study and recommend actions on apprenticeships, mentoring, business training, heirs’ property, and barriers for underserved and women farmers. It must report two years after enactment. A separate commission would study how to modernize farm statistics, report within three years, and end on September 30, 2031. It would get $1 million from the Commodity Credit Corporation for FY2026.
Grants and centers to grow trees
If enacted, USDA would set up a grant program within two years to support nurseries and seed orchards, including state forestry agencies, Tribes, qualified private nurseries, colleges, and local governments. Congress authorized $5 million per year for 2027–2031. USDA would also stand up Regional Agroforestry Centers, appoint Directors, run regional support and demos, and conduct a national producer survey every 5 years. Congress authorized $7 million per year for 2027–2031 for these centers and the survey.
Importer and partner payment rules
Within 180 days, USDA, working with Fish and Wildlife and Customs, would issue guidance for plant importers when shipments are detained under the Lacey Act. Importers would be told the reason and date of detention, expected length, tests being used (so they can replicate them), and what information may speed release.
Larger forest projects and timber sales
If enacted, the maximum size for fuel break and wildfire resilience projects would rise from 3,000 acres to 10,000 acres. The cap for collaborative restoration projects would also rise to 10,000 acres. The timber sale dollar threshold would increase from $10,000 to $55,000.
More conservation data and coordinators
If enacted, USDA would publish details within 1 year and periodically after on money going to third‑party technical assistance, certification pathways, and how providers affect results. NRCS would study the environmental benefits of winter wheat used as a cover crop and share results with Congress. Each State would name a source water protection coordinator, and USDA would publish yearly local‑area reports with contracts, acres, dollars obligated and spent, compliance, and any practices getting higher payments, plus an interactive map.
More oversight of USDA-tribal agreements
If enacted, USDA’s Office of Tribal Relations would advise the Secretary and oversee each self‑determination contract and self‑governance compact with tribes. It would monitor how these agreements are carried out.
More support for animal disease work
If enacted, unspent animal health research money could be carried into the next year. The authorization for that program would run through fiscal year 2031. The bill would also add animal disease traceability to the national preparedness program and extend key animal health authorizations through FY2027–FY2031. Allowed administrative costs would rise from 10% to 15%.
National ads to fight lanternflies
If enacted, USDA would run TV, radio, and billboard ads in high‑incidence areas about the invasive spotted lanternfly. Messages would warn about threats to local farms and ask people to kill any they find. USDA could add other outreach tools as needed.
New crop research and open books
If enacted, the supplemental crops program would study more alternative crops, including winter‑planted rapeseed and canola, with authority through 2031. The Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research would post and send Congress more details about gifts, grants, outreach, and how it works with USDA.
New USDA offices for biotech, conservation
If enacted, USDA would create an Office of Biotechnology Policy to coordinate biotech policy with EPA and FDA and to do stakeholder outreach. Congress authorized $1 million per year for 2027–2031 to run it. USDA would also create an Office of Conservation Innovation at NRCS with up to six technical specialists to help update conservation standards, paid from NRCS operations.
Research to improve farm insurance
If enacted, the crop insurance corporation would study ways to expand revenue‑loss insurance for certain crops and report within 18 months. It would also study insurance for oilseed crops in double‑cropping and rotation systems and report within 13 months. A Specialty Crop Advisory Committee would be created within 180 days, include 5–10 members (with producers from all major regions), and meet at least twice a year. USDA would study risk tools for domestic lamb producers and report within 1 year.
Seven year push to restore white oaks
If enacted, USDA would launch a White Oak restoration program within 180 days. It would create a coalition, fund voluntary grants and technical help through the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and run five pilot projects on national forests (at least three on reserved forests). A White Oak Restoration Fund at the National Forest Foundation would accept donations to replant and improve seedlings on national forests. Starting one year after enactment, the Foundation would report each year on money received, balances, and projects. The program’s authority would end 7 years after enactment.
Steadier support for global food aid
If enacted, at least $15 million per year would be available in FY2027–FY2031 for the International Food Relief Partnership, and funds would stay available until spent. USDA could use Foreign Agricultural Service salary funds in FY2026–FY2031 to cover Food for Peace administrative costs, and unused balances could carry over. These changes would stabilize program operations but would not provide direct payments to households.
Stronger plan to protect sequoias
If enacted, the bill would lock in a Giant Sequoia Lands Coalition to assess grove health, advise policy, and host at least one public meeting a year. It would stand up small Strike Teams (up to 10 people each) to help with permits, site prep, and on‑the‑ground work. The Coalition would deliver a health and resiliency report to Congress within 6 months, update it yearly, and keep a public dashboard with permit status and costs. The Interior Secretary would create an insect‑monitoring plan within 1 year and report results within 2 years. The Interior Secretary would also enter a shared stewardship agreement within 90 days of a request from California or the Tule River Tribe, or proceed with USDA and add new partners later.
Task force on Rio Grande water
If enacted, the Agriculture Secretary would lead a federal working group to protect U.S. farm producers affected by the 1944 Water Treaty deliveries. The group would meet at least yearly, hold public meetings, and work with Texas and local stakeholders. It would study economic damages, push for predictable water deliveries, and recommend actions. An initial report would be due within 1 year, then annual reports after.
More funds for healthy food access
If enacted, authorized funding for the Healthy Food Financing Initiative would rise from $125 million to $135 million. That is a $10 million increase to support healthy food access projects.
Public data on watershed project spending
If enacted, USDA would post national and state data on flood control and conservation projects. It would include spending by project phase and expected benefits. USDA would not publish data that identifies individual landowners or operators.
Support Tribal control of nutrition programs
If enacted, USDA would assign an office to run Tribal self‑determination contracts for nutrition programs. The bill would authorize $1.2 million per year for FY2027–FY2031 to pay contract officers and program staff.
Grants to study organic farm transitions
If enacted, USDA would fund competitive grants to help farms move from nonorganic to organic. Grants would support research, training, and outreach on soil health, greenhouse gases, water, pests, and more. Congress is authorized to provide $7.5 million each year starting in FY2027.
More support for 1890 land-grant colleges
If enacted, 1890 land‑grant colleges would receive larger shares of some USDA funds. Extension allocations would rise from 20% to 40%. Research allocations would rise from 30% to 40%.
USDA would evaluate rural childcare projects
If enacted, USDA would study projects funded under the Expanding Childcare in Rural America Initiative within 3 years. USDA would report results to Congress within 4 years. The review would cover project types, partners, and economic and social impacts.
Food for Peace costs covered and reports
If enacted, the Commodity Credit Corporation would pay procurement, handling, and other incidental costs for Food for Peace food under Titles II and III. By April 1 each year, USDA would send Congress a report on who got funds, how they were used, and activities for women and girls.
Help for foreign market infrastructure
If enacted, USDA could fund training and needs assessments to improve infrastructure in new foreign markets. Support would be capped at $1.5 million for FY2027 and $5 million for FY2028 and later. Funds would come from the Foreign Market Development Cooperator Program.
Farm energy programs extended to 2031
If enacted, several farm energy program dates would be extended to 2031. This includes Feedstock Flexibility, the Biomass Crop Assistance Program, and the Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels.
Rural business programs extended to 2031
Several rural business and lending authorities would be extended through fiscal year 2031. This includes cooperative lending pilots, Rural Business Development Grants, intermediary relending, programs for local or regional food products, and other loan pilots and set‑asides for small farmers and rural borrowers. This keeps these tools available if Congress funds them.
New fees to harvest forest botanicals
If enacted, the Forest Service would start charging fees to harvest forest botanical products on national forests. Fees would match fair market value and agency costs, but a personal‑use level would be exempt. Money would go to a special account and be used locally for inventories, sustainable harvest checks, monitoring, restoration, and admin. The Secretary could require security to ensure payment and would report collections and spending each year.
New inspection rules for organic farms
If enacted, every certified farm and handler would be inspected each year. For foreign sites, inspections must be on‑site annually. For U.S. sites, on‑site would happen once every three years, with yearly checks on‑site or virtual based on risk. Some handlers that do not receive or store product could be inspected virtually if USDA approves.
Cap on state forest planning funds
USDA could use other funds to develop and run State‑wide forest assessments and strategies, but the total would be capped at $10 million each year. The date reference for this authority would move to 2031.
Cut $18M from biorefinery funds
If enacted, $18 million in unused Biorefinery Assistance balances would be canceled. That money would no longer back loans under section 9003.
Down payment loan cap clarified
If enacted, the down payment loan rule would say the 45% maximum applies subject to section 305(a). This change would clarify how the 45% cap is calculated and could affect some applicants.
Healthy Forests Reserve ends for new deals
If enacted, no new enrollments would be allowed under the Healthy Forests Reserve Program. Existing contracts, easements, and their payments would continue under their current terms. USDA could use prior CCC funds to carry out those existing agreements, but not to increase payments.
Faster partner pay, but 10% admin cap
USDA would have to pay eligible partners within 30 days after a payment request. At the same time, no more than 10% of a project’s funds could reimburse a partner’s administrative costs. Any admin costs over that cap would count toward the partner’s contribution.
Marketing orders expand to mandarins, almonds
If enacted, mandarin oranges and almonds would be added to the list of crops that can have marketing orders. The law would also delete an exception for processing dates. Growers and handlers of these crops could face marketing order rules and programs.
Updates to USDA loan rules
The bill would broaden which laws count as “covered provisions” for USDA loan programs and define “repayment provisions.” This would guide how agencies run loan programs and apply repayment rules under updated authorities.
USDA studies on organic, storage, and farm batteries
If enacted, USDA would study risk‑based organic oversight and possible ways to lower costs while keeping strong standards. USDA would also study whether to offer loans for on‑farm fertilizer storage and report within one year. A third study would look at using second‑use EV batteries on farms, with a report due in one year and possible grant or cost‑share ideas.
More forest data and park projects
If enacted, the Forest Service would add two national surveys, update its plan in 180 days, and publish biennial stats. An office could charge fees for complex data requests. Forest programs would open certain authorities to any State and publish regional Legacy Road project lists each year with public comment. Stewardship contracting could be used in Yosemite, Sequoia, and Kings Canyon to help giant sequoias, following park rules. Regional foresters could make some advisory committee appointments, and a key deadline would move to October 1, 2031.
Old agriculture research laws repealed
If enacted, the bill would repeal several older research sections and chapters in farm laws. It would remove Section 2408 of the 2018 farm bill, Section 1431 of a 1985 law, two chapters from a 2008 law, and multiple sections from the 1977 research act. These clean‑ups are tied to newer programs and authorities.
Rules and fees for 4‑H emblem use
USDA would again allow and regulate use of the 4‑H name and emblem. USDA could charge authorization fees and keep them in a special 4‑H account that stays available until spent. The Attorney General could sue over unauthorized commercial uses. Prior authorized uses back to May 8, 1914 would remain valid.
Clearer rules for organic oversight
If enacted, the law would define oversight protocols and risk to organic integrity. These terms would guide USDA enforcement and certification work for organic products.
Tougher animal welfare rules and reviews
If enacted, it would be illegal to sponsor or show animals in fights, take someone under 16 to a fight, or bet on animal fights. The bill would repeal a live‑animal import section, but keep current rules during a transition until new rules are final. USDA would also report on companion animal enforcement within 2 years and add visual dental exams to adequate veterinary care when practical.
One pesticide registration rule repealed
If enacted, the bill would repeal section 711 of the 2022 pesticide registration law. This could change how EPA handles some registrations and timelines for companies.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Thompson, Glenn [R-PA-15]
PA • R
Cosponsors
There are no cosponsors for this bill.
Roll Call Votes
house vote • 4/30/2026
On Motion to Recommit
Yes: 211 • No: 214
house vote • 4/30/2026
On Passage
Yes: 224 • No: 200