VirginiaHB1122026 Regular SessionHouseWALLET

Mammalian wildlife; separation and hybridization prohibited, exceptions.

Sponsored By: Amy J. Laufer (Democratic)

Signed by Governor

Summary

Department of Wildlife Resources; premature separation and hybridization of mammalian wildlife prohibited; exceptions. Makes it unlawful to prematurely separate any mammalian wildlife offspring born in captivity from the mother prior to the offspring turning four months of age, except that wildlife offspring may be prematurely separated if a medical necessity exists pursuant to a written order from a veterinarian with appropriate species-specific experience and expertise licensed to practice in the Commonwealth. The bill excludes the following from its provisions: (i) agricultural animals; (ii) noncommercial transfers or trades between accredited zoological facilities; (iii) an accredited zoological facility, as defined in the bill, that retains the mammalian wildlife offspring separated by such zoological facility; (iv) the Department of Wildlife Resources, a person operating under a wildlife rehabilitator, scientific collection, or endangered and threatened species permit approved by the Department, or a person operating under a species recovery plan approved by the Department; (v) the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; or (vi) any person rendering emergency neonatal aide, including the temporary separation of up to 72 hours until a licensed veterinarian can be engaged for assessment and treatment. The bill also makes it unlawful to intentionally and for commercial purposes propagate mammalian wildlife of different species, also known as hybridization. This bill is identical to SB 344.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

5 provisions identified: 3 benefits, 2 costs, 0 mixed.

Annual fee caps for wildlife permits

Virginia's wildlife Board can set annual permit fees to cover processing and administration costs. Fees cannot exceed $20 for endangered-species, scientific-collection, and wildlife-holder permits. The annual cap is $50 for other covered permits to capture, hold, breed, or dispose of wildlife.

License-free fishing at permitted private facilities

The law provides a permit pathway for private facilities that artificially raise fish for sale. Covered fish include trout, catfish, largemouth bass, and other sunfish-family species. Anglers need no separate fishing license at a permitted facility that allows public fishing and has paid its permit fee.

Teachers can display wildlife without permits

Virginia elementary and secondary school teachers can keep and display wildlife for lessons without a permit, application, or fee. They must notify the wildlife Department and follow standards the Board must establish. Those standards may limit species, set enclosure rules, prohibit release, and require reports of sickness or escape.

Limits on separating young captive mammals

People cannot separate captive-born mammalian wildlife from their mothers before four months, or another species-specific age set by the Board. Medical separation requires a written order from a Virginia-licensed veterinarian trained or experienced in caring for that species. Reasonable efforts must be made to reunite mother and young when feasible. Exceptions cover farm animals, noncommercial transfers or trades between accredited zoos, and accredited zoos that keep the young they separate. Exceptions also cover Virginia's wildlife Department and people working under Department-approved wildlife rehabilitation, scientific collection, or endangered-and-threatened-species permits. People working under Department-approved species recovery plans and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are also exempt. Emergency newborn care allows temporary separation for up to 72 hours until a licensed veterinarian can assess and treat the animal. A zoo's accreditor must have been operating on January 1, 2024, with published accreditation standards and at least 20 accredited zoo members.

Commercial breeders cannot create wildlife hybrids

Commercial breeders cannot intentionally breed mammalian wildlife of different species together for commercial purposes. The law identifies this cross-species breeding as hybridization.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Amy J. Laufer

    Democratic • House

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 263 • No: 100

Senate vote • 4/22/2026

Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation

Yes: 23 • No: 16

House vote • 4/22/2026

House concurred in Governor's recommendation

Yes: 67 • No: 33

Senate vote • 3/2/2026

Passed Senate

Yes: 26 • No: 14

Senate vote • 2/26/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/26/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)

Yes: 40 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/24/2026

Reported from Agriculture, Conservation and Natural Resources

Yes: 10 • No: 4

House vote • 2/10/2026

Read third time and passed House

Yes: 71 • No: 27

House vote • 2/4/2026

Reported from Agriculture, Chesapeake and Natural Resources with substitute

Yes: 18 • No: 4

House vote • 1/28/2026

Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute

Yes: 8 • No: 2

Actions Timeline

  1. Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation (23-Y 16-N 0-A)

    4/22/2026Senate
  2. House concurred in Governor's recommendation (67-Y 33-N 0-A)

    4/22/2026House
  3. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP1035)

    4/22/2026Governor
  4. Reenrolled bill text (HB112ER2)

    4/22/2026House
  5. Reenrolled

    4/22/2026House
  6. Approved by Governor-Chapter 1035 (effective 7/1/2026)

    4/22/2026Governor
  7. Signed by President

    4/22/2026Senate
  8. Signed by Speaker

    4/22/2026House
  9. Governor's recommendation adopted

    4/22/2026Governor
  10. Governor's recommendation received by House

    4/13/2026Governor
  11. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/10/2026Governor
  12. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 10, 2026

    3/10/2026House
  13. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB112)

    3/6/2026House
  14. Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB112ER)

    3/6/2026House
  15. Enrolled

    3/6/2026House
  16. Signed by President

    3/6/2026Senate
  17. Signed by Speaker

    3/6/2026House
  18. Passed Senate (26-Y 14-N 0-A)

    3/2/2026Senate
  19. Passed by for the day

    2/27/2026Senate
  20. Read third time

    2/27/2026Senate
  21. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    2/26/2026Senate
  22. Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

    2/26/2026Senate
  23. Rules suspended

    2/26/2026Senate
  24. Reported from Agriculture, Conservation and Natural Resources (10-Y 4-N)

    2/24/2026Senate
  25. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB112)

    2/11/2026House

Bill Text

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