All Roll Calls
Yes: 286 • No: 132
Sponsored By: Kathy K.L. Tran (Democratic)
Became Law
Government Data Collection and Dissemination Practices Act; dissemination of personal information to federal government; civil penalties. Provides that any agency or political subdivision of the Commonwealth shall only disseminate personal information (i) to the extent necessary to comply with state or federal law, including the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; (ii) to the extent necessary to carry out the administration of a state or federal program pursuant to state or federal law; (iii) to comply with a subpoena, court order, or administrative proceeding; (iv) to the extent necessary to ensure fulfillment of the obligations of a purchase or contract made in accordance with the Virginia Public Procurement Act or a memorandum of understanding or management agreement made in accordance with the Restructured Higher Education Financial and Administrative Operations Act; (v) when the data subject has given consent; or (vi) to the extent necessary to accomplish a proper purpose of the agency. The bill also prohibits an agency or political subdivision from selling personal information. The bill authorizes a court, in the case of a willful and knowing violation, to subject a specific public officer, appointee, or employee of any agency to civil penalties.
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12 provisions identified: 7 benefits, 1 costs, 4 mixed.
You can ask an agency what personal data it has about you and who got it. The agency must tell you if giving data is required and warn you about possible sharing, including with federal agencies. You may inspect your records in person or by mail and get copies for a cost-based fee. If data is wrong, the agency must correct or delete it, or let you add a statement up to 200 words. The agency must tell past recipients when it corrects or deletes your data.
If this law is violated, an aggrieved person can go to court to stop it and recover court costs and attorney fees if they win. Courts can fine officers or agencies for willful violations. For individuals, fines generally range from a few hundred dollars up to $2,500 per offense, with higher penalties for repeat violations. Fines are paid into the State Literary Fund.
State and local agencies may collect personal data only when a law allows it. They can share your data only for six reasons: to follow a law (including HIPAA), run a program, obey a court order or subpoena, meet a contract, with your consent, or for a proper agency purpose. Agencies cannot sell your personal information. Agencies must avoid secret data systems and keep data tied to a clear purpose. The law covers many data types, including IDs, health and school records, finances, biometrics, photos, video, religion, voting history, and more.
If you are in VRS, the Judicial Retirement System, the State Police Officers' Retirement System, or the Virginia Law Officers' Retirement System, your employer’s leadership or HR can get your retirement status and benefit eligibility. This helps benefit administration but reduces personal privacy.
SCHEV can share student information with agencies acting for the U.S. government to get wage records earned outside Virginia or in federal jobs. This helps the state meet reporting rules. It also increases sharing of students’ earnings data beyond Virginia.
The Department of Social Services may give client information to the Virginia Department of Taxation to provide specific tax data set by law. This can help verify and administer tax rules. It also means more sharing of client information between agencies.
The public can see job titles, classifications, official pay rates, and expense reimbursements for public officers and employees. This does not apply to workers who earn $10,000 or less a year.
If a company runs a government personal‑data system, it must follow these privacy rules for that work. A consumer reporting agency meets this law for contracted services if it fully follows the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act for those services.
Every public body with a website must post a clear privacy policy. It must say what data is collected, whether data is collected automatically, if cookies are used, and how the data is used. The Secretary of Administration provides guidance to help agencies write these policies.
Agencies that keep personal data must set access controls, train staff, and protect systems from threats. They must log who accesses your data for three years or until the data is deleted. Agencies should collect information directly from you when possible and keep it accurate and current. Agencies cannot collect political or religious beliefs unless a law allows it, and cannot send religion data to the federal government to build lists unless required by law.
Some systems do not follow these privacy rules. Examples include court records, many criminal-justice files, the sex-offender and certain minors registries, juvenile-justice systems, many licensing records, and police investigation systems. These systems use other laws and may have fewer limits.
Agencies do not have to share letters of reference or tests and scoring keys if release would harm test security. If a test will not be used again and release is safe, it can be made public. Minimum competency tests must be made public when scores are released statewide or within six months.
Kathy K.L. Tran
Democratic • House
There are no cosponsors for this bill.
All Roll Calls
Yes: 286 • No: 132
House vote • 3/11/2026
Senate substitute agreed to by House
Yes: 67 • No: 32
Senate vote • 3/10/2026
General Laws and Technology Substitute agreed to
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/10/2026
Passed Senate with substitute
Yes: 21 • No: 19
Senate vote • 3/6/2026
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)
Yes: 39 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/6/2026
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/4/2026
Reported from General Laws and Technology with substitute
Yes: 9 • No: 6
House vote • 2/12/2026
Read third time and passed House
Yes: 66 • No: 32
House vote • 2/3/2026
Delegate Williams Floor amendments passed by
Yes: 62 • No: 34
House vote • 1/29/2026
Reported from General Laws
Yes: 15 • No: 6
House vote • 1/27/2026
Subcommittee recommends reporting
Yes: 7 • No: 3
Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0748)
Approved by Governor-Chapter 748 (effective 7/1/2026)
Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026
Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026
Signed by Speaker
Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB1161ER)
Enrolled
Signed by President
Senate substitute agreed to by House (67-Y 32-N 0-A)
Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N 0-A)
General Laws and Technology Substitute agreed to
Engrossed by Senate - committee substitute
Read third time
Passed by for the day
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A)
Rules suspended
Committee substitute printed 26108358D-S1
Senate committee offered
Reported from General Laws and Technology with substitute (9-Y 6-N)
Referred to Committee on General Laws and Technology
Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)
Read third time and passed House (66-Y 32-N 0-A)
Read second time and engrossed
Passed by for the day
Chaptered
4/13/2026
Enrolled
3/30/2026
Substitute
3/5/2026
Substitute
3/4/2026
Amendment
2/3/2026
Introduced
1/14/2026
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