VirginiaHB12192026 Regular SessionHouse

Unmanned aircraft systems; use by law-enforcement officers, search warrants.

Sponsored By: Briana D. Sewell (Democratic)

Became Law

Summary

Use of unmanned aircraft systems by law-enforcement officers; search warrants; model policy. Expedites the issuance of a search warrant for unmanned aircraft systems by law-enforcement officers upon a finding of reasonable and probable cause by an authorized judicial official, as defined in the bill, and permits the use of unmanned aircraft systems without a search warrant when law enforcement is surveying the scene of a crime or to respond to a public safety call for service when such crime scene or call for service is located on public property, to locate a person when such person has fled the offense location during the initial response to an incident, or to provide real-time aerial observation to increase on-scene safety and security. Such provisions are subject to a reenactment clause. The bill also requires the Department of Criminal Justice Services, in consultation with the Virginia Indigent Defense Commission and the Virginia Association of Commonwealth's Attorneys, to establish a model policy for the use of unmanned aircraft systems by December 1, 2026. This bill is identical to SB 647.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

5 provisions identified: 3 benefits, 0 costs, 2 mixed.

Ban on weaponized police drones

State and local agencies cannot deploy weaponized drones. The only exception is at the Space Port and Naval/Aegis sites at Wallops Island. Drones that only disable other drones are allowed. These drone rules take effect only if the General Assembly reenacts them in 2027.

Non-police and military drone uses

State and local governments can use drones for non-police work, like damage, traffic, flood, and wildfire assessments and fire or rescue operations. Colleges and research groups can use drones for private or research work. The U.S. Armed Forces and the Virginia National Guard can use drones for training under federal and military rules. These drone rules take effect only if the General Assembly reenacts them in 2027.

State model drone policy due 2026

The Department of Criminal Justice Services must publish a model police drone policy by December 1, 2026. This policy guides state and local agencies on how to follow the law.

Drone rules need 2027 reenactment

The changes to the state’s drone-use section do not take effect unless the General Assembly reenacts them in 2027. If they are not reenacted, the new rules do not start.

When police can use drones

Police may fly drones only with a search, administrative, or inspection warrant. The law also lists times when no warrant is needed, like Amber, Senior, or Blue Alerts; to stop immediate danger; to survey a crash scene; during hot pursuit or to plan a felony arrest; on public property for a crime scene or call; with consent; for training; and to check drone activity near government sites or critical infrastructure. Evidence gathered in violation is not allowed in court. The law defines what counts as an unmanned aircraft and an unmanned aircraft system. These drone rules take effect only if the General Assembly reenacts them in 2027.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Briana D. Sewell

    Democratic • House

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 238 • No: 0

Senate vote 3/9/2026

Passed Senate Block Vote

Yes: 40 • No: 0

Senate vote 3/5/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)

Yes: 39 • No: 0

Senate vote 3/5/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote 3/4/2026

Reported from Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 15 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/25/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 15 • No: 0

House vote 2/17/2026

Read third time and passed House Block Vote

Yes: 97 • No: 0

House vote 2/11/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute

Yes: 22 • No: 0

House vote 2/6/2026

Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute

Yes: 10 • No: 0

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0270)

    4/6/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter 270 (effective 7/1/2026)

    4/6/2026Governor
  3. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/25/2026Governor
  4. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 25, 2026

    3/25/2026House
  5. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1219)

    3/18/2026House
  6. Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB1219ER)

    3/14/2026House
  7. Enrolled

    3/14/2026House
  8. Signed by President

    3/14/2026Senate
  9. Signed by Speaker

    3/14/2026House
  10. Passed Senate Block Vote (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

    3/9/2026Senate
  11. Read third time

    3/9/2026Senate
  12. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    3/6/2026Senate
  13. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    3/5/2026Senate
  14. Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A)

    3/5/2026Senate
  15. Rules suspended

    3/5/2026Senate
  16. Reported from Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)

    3/4/2026Senate
  17. Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)

    2/25/2026Senate
  18. Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

    2/18/2026Senate
  19. Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

    2/18/2026Senate
  20. Fiscal Impact statement From DPB (2/17/2026 3:20 pm)

    2/17/2026House
  21. Engrossed by House - committee substitute

    2/17/2026House
  22. Read third time and passed House Block Vote (97-Y 0-N 0-A)

    2/17/2026House
  23. committee substitute agreed to

    2/16/2026House
  24. Read second time

    2/16/2026House
  25. Read first time

    2/13/2026House

Bill Text

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