VirginiaHB12192026 Regular SessionHouse

Unmanned aircraft systems; use by law-enforcement officers, search warrants.

Sponsored By: Briana D. Sewell (Democratic)

Signed by Governor

Summary

Use of unmanned aircraft systems by law-enforcement officers; search warrants; model policy. Expedites the issuance of a search warrant for unmanned aircraft systems by law-enforcement officers upon a finding of reasonable and probable cause by an authorized judicial official, as defined in the bill, and permits the use of unmanned aircraft systems without a search warrant when law enforcement is surveying the scene of a crime or to respond to a public safety call for service when such crime scene or call for service is located on public property, to locate a person when such person has fled the offense location during the initial response to an incident, or to provide real-time aerial observation to increase on-scene safety and security. Such provisions are subject to a reenactment clause. The bill also requires the Department of Criminal Justice Services, in consultation with the Virginia Indigent Defense Commission and the Virginia Association of Commonwealth's Attorneys, to establish a model policy for the use of unmanned aircraft systems by December 1, 2026. This bill is identical to SB 647.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

4 provisions identified: 3 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.

Limits on weaponized government drones

The weaponized-drone ban takes effect only upon reenactment by the 2027 General Assembly. Covered Virginia government entities cannot deploy weaponized drones in Virginia or help others use them there. The ban excludes operations at the Space Port and Naval/Aegis facilities at Wallops Island. A drone designed and used to disable another drone does not count as weaponized.

Police drone warrants and evidence limits

The law sets drone-use limits for covered Virginia state and local enforcement agencies. These limits take effect only upon reenactment by the 2027 General Assembly. Agencies generally need a search, administrative, or inspection warrant. Exceptions cover active Amber, Senior, or Blue Alerts; immediate danger; specified accident surveys and accident-report help; and legally authorized consent. Other exceptions cover crime scenes on public property, public-safety calls, related training, specified arrest-warrant uses, hot pursuit, and en-route service calls. Listed investigations involving drones around government property, critical infrastructure, or correctional sites also qualify. Evidence gathered through drone use that violates these rules cannot be used in criminal or civil cases.

State guidance for police drone use

The Department of Criminal Justice Services must establish and publish a model policy for police and sheriff drone use. The deadline to establish it is December 1, 2026. The policy must address operations under the law's drone-use rules. The department must consult the Virginia Indigent Defense Commission and the Virginia Association of Commonwealth's Attorneys.

Drone exemptions for rescue and research

These exemptions take effect only upon reenactment by the 2027 General Assembly. The warrant requirement excludes non-police drone work supporting Virginia or a locality, removing that warrant safeguard for these uses. Covered work includes damage, traffic, flood-stage, and wildfire checks, plus fire and rescue operations. The section preserves private, commercial, and recreational use, and use solely for research and development by colleges or research organizations. It also excludes Armed Forces and Virginia National Guard training needed for federal-mission readiness or supporting other Defense Department units.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Briana D. Sewell

    Democratic • House

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 238 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/9/2026

Passed Senate Block Vote

Yes: 40 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/5/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/5/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)

Yes: 39 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/4/2026

Reported from Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 15 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/25/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 15 • No: 0

House vote • 2/17/2026

Read third time and passed House Block Vote

Yes: 97 • No: 0

House vote • 2/11/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute

Yes: 22 • No: 0

House vote • 2/6/2026

Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute

Yes: 10 • No: 0

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0270)

    4/6/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter 270 (Effective - see bill)

    4/6/2026Governor
  3. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/25/2026Governor
  4. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 25, 2026

    3/25/2026House
  5. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1219)

    3/18/2026House
  6. Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB1219ER)

    3/14/2026House
  7. Enrolled

    3/14/2026House
  8. Signed by President

    3/14/2026Senate
  9. Signed by Speaker

    3/14/2026House
  10. Passed Senate Block Vote (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

    3/9/2026Senate
  11. Read third time

    3/9/2026Senate
  12. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    3/6/2026Senate
  13. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    3/5/2026Senate
  14. Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A)

    3/5/2026Senate
  15. Rules suspended

    3/5/2026Senate
  16. Reported from Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)

    3/4/2026Senate
  17. Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)

    2/25/2026Senate
  18. Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

    2/18/2026Senate
  19. Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

    2/18/2026Senate
  20. Fiscal Impact statement From DPB (2/17/2026 3:20 pm)

    2/17/2026House
  21. Engrossed by House - committee substitute

    2/17/2026House
  22. Read third time and passed House Block Vote (97-Y 0-N 0-A)

    2/17/2026House
  23. committee substitute agreed to

    2/16/2026House
  24. Read second time

    2/16/2026House
  25. Read first time

    2/13/2026House

Bill Text

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