VirginiaHB14262026 Regular SessionHouseWALLET

Judgments; limitations on enforcement, docketing of gen. district court judgments in circuit court.

Sponsored By: Marcus B. Simon (Democratic)

Became Law

Summary

Limitations on enforcement of judgments; docketing of general district court judgments in the circuit court. Provides that, for judgments entered in the general district court on or after July 1, 2026, where enforcement of such judgments is sought by a debt buyer, the docketing of an abstract of such judgment in the circuit court shall not effect the 10-year limitation period to enforce such judgment. Under current law, such docketing allows a general district court judgment to be treated as a judgment entered by the circuit court and may be extended in the same manner as a judgment entered by the circuit court.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

4 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 0 costs, 4 mixed.

New time limits to collect judgments

Judgments dated, extended, or renewed before July 1, 2021 stay enforceable for 20 years from the latest entry, domestication, extension, or renewal. Judgments dated on or after July 1, 2021 are enforceable for 10 years; child support judgments keep a 20‑year period. A creditor can file a certificate before the deadline to add 10 years from filing, and may do this one more time. For claims against a decedent’s personal representative, the motion must be within 2 years of qualification, the extension lasts 2 years, and only one is allowed. Any period when execution is legally suspended does not count toward the time limit.

Rules for district court judgments and debt buyers

General district court civil judgments stay in force for 10 years unless paid, and the court keeps the case documents 10 years. If a general district court judgment was entered before July 1, 2026 and its abstract is docketed in circuit court, it is treated like a circuit judgment and can use circuit‑court extension rules; the original entry date still controls. For judgments entered on or after July 1, 2026, a debt buyer has only 10 years to enforce, even if the abstract is docketed in circuit court. If you cannot find the creditor, you may pay the circuit court fees and docket the case there to seek discharge before the time limit ends. After the § 16.1‑94.1 period expires, the general district court may still issue executions if a circuit court abstract is filed in that court.

Protection for homebuyers from old judgment liens

If a debtor sold land for value, a creditor must sue within five years of the deed’s recordation and record a lis pendens before that five‑year deadline. If the right to execute or sue is already time‑barred, the suit cannot proceed. The law preserves subrogation rights, but you must start within five years after the right accrues. A judgment lien is not harmed by another judgment on the same claim or by a bond that acts like a judgment.

How long courts keep case records

Courts keep dockets and indices for criminal, traffic, and civil cases for 10 years. Misdemeanor and traffic records are kept 10 years, 20 years for certain listed offenses, and 50 years for a specified list; appealed records go to circuit court. Dismissed civil cases are kept until the Commonwealth’s audit ends; cases with no service may be destroyed 24 months after the last return date. A chief judge may allow destroying paper files after archival‑quality microfilm or electronic conversion; some misdemeanor records are excluded.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Marcus B. Simon

    Democratic • House

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 224 • No: 97

House vote 3/12/2026

Senate amendments agreed to by House

Yes: 67 • No: 30

Senate vote 3/11/2026

Passed Senate with amendments

Yes: 21 • No: 19

Senate vote 3/11/2026

Courts of Justice Amendments agreed to

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote 3/10/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)

Yes: 40 • No: 0

Senate vote 3/10/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote 3/9/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice with amendments

Yes: 9 • No: 6

House vote 2/17/2026

Read third time and passed House

Yes: 63 • No: 34

House vote 2/11/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice

Yes: 16 • No: 6

House vote 2/4/2026

Subcommittee recommends reporting

Yes: 8 • No: 2

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0848)

    4/13/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter 848 (effective 7/1/2026)

    4/13/2026Governor
  3. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1426)

    3/31/2026House
  4. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/31/2026Governor
  5. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026

    3/31/2026House
  6. Signed by Speaker

    3/31/2026House
  7. Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB1426ER)

    3/30/2026House
  8. Enrolled

    3/30/2026House
  9. Signed by President

    3/30/2026Senate
  10. Senate amendments agreed to by House (67-Y 30-N 0-A)

    3/12/2026House
  11. Passed Senate with amendments (21-Y 19-N 0-A)

    3/11/2026Senate
  12. Courts of Justice Amendments agreed to

    3/11/2026Senate
  13. Engrossed by Senate as amended

    3/11/2026Senate
  14. Read third time

    3/11/2026Senate
  15. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    3/10/2026Senate
  16. Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

    3/10/2026Senate
  17. Rules suspended

    3/10/2026Senate
  18. Reported from Courts of Justice with amendments (9-Y 6-N)

    3/9/2026Senate
  19. Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

    2/18/2026Senate
  20. Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

    2/18/2026Senate
  21. Read third time and passed House (63-Y 34-N 0-A)

    2/17/2026House
  22. Read second time and engrossed

    2/16/2026House
  23. Read first time

    2/13/2026House
  24. Reported from Courts of Justice (16-Y 6-N)

    2/11/2026House
  25. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1426)

    2/9/2026House

Bill Text

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