VirginiaHB2172026 Regular SessionHouse

Assault firearms & certain ammunition feeding devices; purchase, sale, etc., prohibited, penalties.

Sponsored By: Dan I. Helmer (Democratic)

Signed by Governor

Summary

Purchase, sale, transfer, etc., of assault firearms and certain ammunition feeding devices prohibited; penalties. Creates a Class 1 misdemeanor for any person who imports, sells, manufactures, purchases, or transfers an assault firearm, as that term is defined in the bill with some exceptions, and prohibits a person who has been convicted of such violation from purchasing, possessing, or transporting a firearm for a period of three years from the date of conviction. The bill provides that an assault firearm does not include any firearm that is an antique firearm, has been rendered permanently inoperable, or is manually operated by bolt, pump, lever, or slide action. The bill also prohibits the sale of a large capacity ammunition feeding device, as that term is defined in the bill. The bill provides that any person who willfully and intentionally (i) sells an assault firearm to another person or (ii) purchases an assault firearm from another person is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor and that any person who imports, sells, barters, transfers, or purchases a large capacity ammunition feeding device is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. This bill is identical to SB 749.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

7 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 6 costs, 0 mixed.

Certain convictions block firearm access

Convictions under the listed assault-firearm or firearm-possession laws block buying, possessing, or transporting firearms for three years after conviction. Other legal bars can continue after those three years. Knowing and intentional violations after an assault-firearm conviction are Class 1 misdemeanors. People barred under the specified possession law also cannot get a Virginia concealed handgun permit. Knowingly selling, giving, furnishing, or holding a firearm for them is a Class 1 misdemeanor, unless a specified restoration, pardon, or federal permit applies.

Gun buyers face assault firearm limits

Beginning July 1, 2026, the law bans most importing, making, selling, buying, and transferring of assault firearms. Violations are Class 1 misdemeanors, including willful and intentional sales or purchases for money or other value. Covered weapons include specified semi-automatic rifles, pistols, and shotguns with listed features, rifles with fixed magazines exceeding 15 rounds, revolving-cylinder shotguns, and belt-fed firearms. Firearms modified to fit these groups are also covered; antique, permanently inoperable, and specified manually operated firearms are excluded. Exceptions cover specified government, military, police, and licensed-dealer activity, plus owners who lawfully bought and possessed firearms before July 1, 2026. Inheritances require lawful ownership by the deceased and an eligible recipient. Family gifts cover eligible spouses, children, parents, grandparents, and siblings. Temporary range loans must be for lawful target shooting or training and stay on range grounds.

Gun owners face large magazine limits

Beginning July 1, 2026, importing, selling, bartering, transferring, or buying covered ammunition feeding devices is a Class 1 misdemeanor. Covered devices hold more than 15 rounds or can readily be restored or converted to do so. Attached tubular devices usable only with .22 caliber rimfire ammunition are excluded. Exceptions cover specified government, police, military, and licensed-dealer activity, plus devices permanently modified to hold no more than 15 rounds. Owners who lawfully bought and possessed devices before July 1, 2026, can import them. They can also transfer them to licensed dealers or eligible recipients outside Virginia who can lawfully possess them.

Gun buyers face checks and fees

Most firearm sales for money or other value require a licensed dealer to verify a State Police background-check clearance. Dealers can keep an additional fee of up to $15. Willful and intentional sales or purchases without required verification are Class 1 misdemeanors. Exceptions include specified authorized buybacks and gun-show sales where the seller receives State Police clearance. Dealer purchase forms also ask about listed misdemeanor convictions and qualifying juvenile findings for offenses committed at age 14 or older.

Minors face firearm limits and forfeiture

People under 18 cannot knowingly and intentionally possess or transport handguns or assault firearms; violations are Class 1 misdemeanors. Exceptions cover specified homes or property with required permission, supervised ranges or classes, lawful hunting, and military or National Guard duties. Firearms must be unloaded during the specified trips to ranges, classes, or hunting areas. Virginia must also take ownership of weapons and devices carried or possessed in violation of the youth-possession law. Listed items include firearms, stun weapons, magazines, auto sears, and trigger activators, which the state disposes of under forfeiture rules.

Some noncitizens face dealer firearm bans

Virginia dealers cannot sell, rent, trade, or transfer assault firearms from their inventory to certain noncitizens. The restriction covers recipients who are neither U.S. citizens nor lawfully admitted permanent residents.

Localities can simplify voluntary firearm buybacks

Virginia localities and their agents can join voluntary assault-firearm buyback or give-back programs without first passing an authorizing ordinance. The surrendered firearm must meet the law’s assault-firearm definition. Participation remains voluntary.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Dan I. Helmer

    Democratic • House

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 217 • No: 108

House vote • 3/11/2026

Senate substitute agreed to by House

Yes: 60 • No: 35

Senate vote • 3/9/2026

Finance and Appropriations Substitute agreed to

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/9/2026

Passed Senate with substitute

Yes: 21 • No: 19

Senate vote • 3/9/2026

Committee substitute rejected (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/6/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/5/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/5/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)

Yes: 39 • No: 0

Senate vote • 3/4/2026

Reported from Finance and Appropriations with substitute

Yes: 10 • No: 5

Senate vote • 2/25/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 9 • No: 6

House vote • 2/5/2026

Read third time and passed House

Yes: 58 • No: 34

House vote • 1/30/2026

Reported from Public Safety with substitute

Yes: 13 • No: 6

House vote • 1/29/2026

Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute

Yes: 7 • No: 3

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP1106)

    5/14/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter 1106 (effective 7/1/2026)

    5/14/2026Governor
  3. Passed by for the day

    4/23/2026House
  4. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., May 23, 2026

    4/23/2026Governor
  5. Communicated to Governor

    4/23/2026House
  6. Passed by for the day

    4/22/2026House
  7. Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (4/14/2026 4:33 pm)

    4/14/2026House
  8. Governor's recommendation received by House

    4/11/2026Governor
  9. Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (4/3/2026 1:26 pm)

    4/3/2026House
  10. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB217)

    4/1/2026House
  11. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/31/2026Governor
  12. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026

    3/31/2026House
  13. Signed by Speaker

    3/31/2026House
  14. Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB217ER)

    3/30/2026House
  15. Enrolled

    3/30/2026House
  16. Signed by President

    3/30/2026Senate
  17. Senate substitute agreed to by House (60-Y 35-N 0-A)

    3/11/2026House
  18. Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N 0-A)

    3/9/2026Senate
  19. Finance and Appropriations Substitute agreed to

    3/9/2026Senate
  20. Committee substitute rejected (Voice Vote)

    3/9/2026Senate
  21. Engrossed by Senate - committee substitute

    3/9/2026Senate
  22. Read third time

    3/9/2026Senate
  23. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    3/6/2026Senate
  24. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB217)

    3/5/2026House
  25. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    3/5/2026Senate

Bill Text

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