All Roll Calls
Yes: 303 • No: 157
Sponsored By: Katrina Callsen (Democratic)
Became Law
Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act; noncompliance as defense to action for possession for nonpayment of rent. Removes the provision requiring that a tenant in possession of a dwelling unit, prior to asserting a defense against an action for rent or possession, pay into court the amount of rent found by the court to be due and unpaid and for such amount to be held by the court pending the issuance of an order. The bill also limits the discretion of the court in actions for possession based upon nonpayment of rent and actions for rent by a landlord when the tenant is in possession of a dwelling unit. The bill has a delayed effective date of January 1, 2027.
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5 provisions identified: 2 benefits, 0 costs, 3 mixed.
If the court finds serious hazards, it can lower the rent to a fair amount. At your request, the court can end your lease or order you to surrender the unit. The court can also order the landlord to fix problems that result from the landlord’s material noncompliance.
The law lets renters fight an eviction for nonpayment, or a rent claim while still living there, if the home is unsafe. Examples include no heat, no running water or electricity, sewage problems, rodent infestations, or other serious health or safety threats. A landlord can defeat this defense by proving the problem does not exist, was fixed, was caused by you or your guests, or you unreasonably refused entry to make repairs.
To use this defense, you must give the landlord written notice first, or an agency must issue a violation or condemnation notice. Delays over 30 days after the landlord gets notice are presumed unreasonable, but the court decides what is reasonable. If you are still in the home, you must pay into court the rent the court finds is due. If the court pauses the case for an agency investigation, you usually must deposit rent coming due during the pause. The court can use deposited rent to pay a mortgage to stop foreclosure, pay a lien, or fix the proven problem.
The law keeps a landlord’s right to change the amount they ask for at trial. A landlord can include all rent due through the trial date.
If you win your case, the court can make the landlord pay your reasonable costs, including attorney fees. If you act in bad faith, caused the violation, or unreasonably refused entry, the court can make you pay the landlord’s costs and repair costs.
Katrina Callsen
Democratic • House
There are no cosponsors for this bill.
All Roll Calls
Yes: 303 • No: 157
House vote • 4/22/2026
House concurred in Governor's recommendation
Yes: 64 • No: 36
Senate vote • 4/22/2026
Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation
Yes: 21 • No: 18
House vote • 3/12/2026
Senate amendment agreed to by House
Yes: 63 • No: 35
Senate vote • 3/11/2026
Passed Senate with amendment
Yes: 21 • No: 19
Senate vote • 3/11/2026
General Laws and Technology Amendment agreed to
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/6/2026
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/6/2026
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)
Yes: 39 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/4/2026
Reported from General Laws and Technology with amendment
Yes: 9 • No: 6
House vote • 2/9/2026
Read third time and passed House
Yes: 64 • No: 34
House vote • 2/3/2026
Reported from General Laws with amendment(s)
Yes: 15 • No: 6
House vote • 1/29/2026
Subcommittee recommends reporting
Yes: 7 • No: 3
Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation (21-Y 18-N 0-A)
House concurred in Governor's recommendation (64-Y 36-N 0-A)
Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP1041)
Reenrolled bill text (HB281ER2)
Approved by Governor-Chapter 1041 (Effective 1/1/2027)
Signed by President
Signed by Speaker
Governor's recommendation adopted
Governor's recommendation received by House
Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB281)
Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026
Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026
Signed by Speaker
Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB281ER)
Enrolled
Signed by President
Senate amendment agreed to by House (63-Y 35-N 0-A)
Passed Senate with amendment (21-Y 19-N 0-A)
General Laws and Technology Amendment agreed to
Read third time
Engrossed by Senate as amended
Passed by for the day
Read third time
Passed by for the day
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Chaptered
4/22/2026
Reenrolled
4/22/2026
Substitute
4/14/2026
Gov Recommendation
4/11/2026
Enrolled
3/30/2026
Amendment
3/11/2026
Amendment
3/5/2026
Amendment
3/3/2026
Engrossed
2/6/2026
Amendment
2/3/2026
Introduced
1/9/2026
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