VirginiaHB402026 Regular SessionHouseWALLET

Plastic firearms or receivers, etc., transfer, etc., prohibited; penalties.

Sponsored By: Marcus B. Simon (Democratic)

Signed by Governor

Summary

Manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, or possession of plastic firearms and unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms prohibited; penalties. Creates a Class 5 felony for any person who knowingly manufactures or assembles, imports, purchases, sells, transfers, or possesses any firearm that, after removal of all parts other than a major component, as defined in the bill, is not detectable as a firearm when subjected to inspection by the types of detection devices, including X-ray machines, commonly used at airports, government buildings, schools, correctional facilities, and other locations for security screening. The bill updates language regarding the types of detection devices that are used at such locations for detecting plastic firearms. Under current law, it is unlawful to manufacture, import, sell, transfer, or possess any plastic firearm and a violation is punishable as a Class 5 felony. The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to knowingly possess a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number or to knowingly import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any completed or unfinished frame or receiver, unless the completed or unfinished frame or receiver (i) is deemed to be a firearm pursuant to federal law and (ii) is imprinted with a valid serial number. The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to manufacture or assemble, cause to be manufactured or assembled, import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any firearm that is not imprinted with a valid serial number. The provisions of the bill prohibiting unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms have a delayed effective date of January 1, 2027; however, the provisions of the bill prohibiting the knowing possession of a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number have a delayed effective date of July 1, 2027. This bill is identical to SB 323.

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Unlicensed gun builders face transfer limits

Beginning January 1, 2027, people without a federal manufacturing or assembly license generally cannot sell or transfer firearms made without that license. This covers guns they made, had an unlicensed person make, or know an unlicensed person made. The law also bans knowingly having another unlicensed person make or assemble a firearm for sale or transfer. Legal authorization and the law's listed firearm exemptions still apply, including antiques, permanently inoperable items, and items made before October 22, 1968. A first violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor; a second or later violation is a Class 4 felony. The act requires the Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission to assign at least $50,000 in fiscal impact for increased imprisonment or commitment periods; it does not specify an appropriation amount.

Virginia gun owners face serial-number rules

Beginning January 1, 2027, making, assembling, arranging assembly, importing, buying, selling, offering, or transferring firearms generally requires a valid serial number. Knowingly importing, buying, selling, offering, or transferring completed or unfinished frames or receivers requires both federal firearm status and a valid serial number. Unfinished parts are covered when designed to be readily completed or converted into a working frame or receiver. A valid number is imprinted by an authorized federal licensee or assigned under applicable law. Beginning July 1, 2027, knowingly possessing firearms or completed or unfinished frames or receivers without valid serial numbers is generally banned. New Virginia residents have 90 days after moving in to add a serial number or otherwise comply. Exemptions cover antiques, permanently inoperable items, and items made before October 22, 1968. They also cover specified official law-enforcement and military duties, law-enforcement transfers, licensed business activities, and carrier transportation activities. Additional exemptions cover voluntary buybacks, delivery to law enforcement by people legally allowed to possess firearms, and qualifying nonresident travel or organized sport shooting. A first violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor; a second or later violation is a Class 4 felony.

Virginia bans firearms that evade screening

Beginning January 1, 2027, Virginia bans knowingly making, assembling, importing, buying, selling, offering, transferring, or possessing covered firearms. Having someone else make or assemble them is also banned. A covered plastic firearm contains less than 3.7 ounces of electromagnetically detectable metal in its barrel, slide, cylinder, frame, or receiver. It also fails to produce an X-ray image accurately showing its shape. The ban separately covers firearms that evade standard security screening when only a major component remains. Major components are the slide or cylinder, frame or receiver, or a rifle or shotgun barrel. A violation is a Class 5 felony.

Licensed gun businesses face marking rules

Beginning January 1, 2027, authorized federal firearms licensees must follow specified rules when adding serial numbers to firearms or frames and receivers. This includes unfinished frames and receivers. Numbers must start with the first three and last five digits of the business's federal license, followed by a hyphen and a unique identifier. Businesses cannot reuse a number on another item they serialize, and markings must meet federal size, depth, and durability standards. They must keep federally required sales records and record each serialization's date, recipient's name, age, residence, and serial number.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Marcus B. Simon

    Democratic • House

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 229 • No: 104

House vote • 3/4/2026

Senate substitute agreed to by House

Yes: 64 • No: 32

Senate vote • 3/2/2026

Passed Senate with substitute

Yes: 21 • No: 19

Senate vote • 3/2/2026

Courts of Justice Substitute agreed to

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/26/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/26/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)

Yes: 40 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/25/2026

Reported from Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 10 • No: 5

Senate vote • 2/23/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 9 • No: 5

House vote • 2/5/2026

Read third time and passed House

Yes: 63 • No: 34

House vote • 1/30/2026

Reported from Public Safety

Yes: 15 • No: 6

House vote • 1/29/2026

Subcommittee recommends reporting

Yes: 7 • No: 3

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0531)

    4/10/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor - Chapter 531 (effective - see bill)

    4/10/2026Governor
  3. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/14/2026Governor
  4. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 14, 2026

    3/14/2026House
  5. Signed by Speaker

    3/12/2026House
  6. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB40)

    3/11/2026House
  7. Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB40ER)

    3/11/2026House
  8. Enrolled

    3/11/2026House
  9. Signed by President

    3/11/2026Senate
  10. Senate substitute agreed to by House (64-Y 32-N 0-A)

    3/4/2026House
  11. Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N 0-A)

    3/2/2026Senate
  12. Courts of Justice Substitute agreed to

    3/2/2026Senate
  13. Engrossed by Senate - committee substitute

    3/2/2026Senate
  14. Passed by for the day

    2/27/2026Senate
  15. Read third time

    2/27/2026Senate
  16. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB40)

    2/26/2026House
  17. Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

    2/26/2026Senate
  18. Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

    2/26/2026Senate
  19. Rules suspended

    2/26/2026Senate
  20. Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (2/25/2026 12:50 pm)

    2/25/2026House
  21. Committee substitute printed 26108434D-S1

    2/25/2026Senate
  22. Reported from Finance and Appropriations (10-Y 5-N)

    2/25/2026Senate
  23. Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 5-N)

    2/23/2026Senate
  24. Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

    2/6/2026Senate
  25. Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

    2/6/2026Senate

Bill Text

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