All Roll Calls
Yes: 344 • No: 112
Sponsored By: Michelle Lopes Maldonado (Democratic)
Became Law
Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act; terms and conditions of rental agreement; notice of rent increase. Requires a landlord who owns more than four rental dwelling units or more than a 10 percent interest in more than four rental dwelling units, whether individually or through a business entity, in the Commonwealth to provide a tenant with written notice of any increase in rent for the subsequent rental agreement term at least 90 days prior to the end of such term and to include in such notice a deadline, which shall be no sooner than 30 days after such notice is delivered, by which the tenant shall advise the landlord of whether the tenant will renew the rental agreement. The bill has a delayed effective date of January 1, 2027.
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6 provisions identified: 4 benefits, 0 costs, 2 mixed.
Beginning July 1, 2027, larger landlords (more than four units or more than a 10% interest in more than four) must give written notice of any rent increase at least 90 days before your lease ends. The notice must give you at least 30 days to decide on renewal. If they will not renew your lease, they must give 60 days’ written notice. These rules apply when your lease has a renewal option or an automatic renewal and do not apply to certain periodic tenancies under state law.
Beginning July 1, 2027, a landlord can charge a late fee only if the lease allows it. Any late fee is capped at the lesser of 10% of the periodic rent or 10% of what you still owe. If you pay rent in cash or by money order and ask, the landlord must give a written receipt. Landlords cannot add collection or processing fees for rent, deposits, or other tenant fees unless they also offer a no-fee way to pay. Electronic copies of required documents must be free when you ask.
Beginning July 1, 2027, if a landlord does not offer a written lease, the law creates a 12-month tenancy. Rent is split into 12 equal monthly payments, due on the 1st and late after the 5th. The security deposit cannot be more than two months’ rent. In other cases, weekly payers have week-to-week tenancies and others have month-to-month, unless the lease says otherwise. State notice and end-of-tenancy rules apply unless the lease sets a different notice.
Beginning July 1, 2027, landlords must offer a written lease and give the official tenant rights form. They must give you copies of the signed lease and the rights form within 10 business days after the lease starts. A landlord cannot file or keep an eviction case until you have the rights form. You may ask once a year for a free paper copy or ask anytime for a free electronic copy. If you ask in writing, the landlord must also provide a written list of all charges and payments for your tenancy or the last 12 months within 10 business days.
Beginning July 1, 2027, landlords who own four or fewer rental units, or own up to 10% of four or fewer units, do not have to accept debit or credit cards for rent or security deposits. They may still accept cards if they choose.
Beginning July 1, 2027, your lease can include any terms not barred by law, like rent, late fees, renewal, and notice rules. No one can change a material lease term alone; both sides must agree in writing after proper notice. If your lease lets the landlord approve a subtenant or assignee, the landlord must approve or deny your written application within 10 business days. If they do not answer in 10 business days, the request counts as approved.
Michelle Lopes Maldonado
Democratic • House
There are no cosponsors for this bill.
All Roll Calls
Yes: 344 • No: 112
Senate vote • 4/22/2026
Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation
Yes: 22 • No: 17
House vote • 4/22/2026
House concurred in Governor's recommendation
Yes: 69 • No: 27
House vote • 3/11/2026
Senate amendment agreed to by House
Yes: 73 • No: 25
Senate vote • 3/10/2026
Passed Senate with amendment
Yes: 22 • No: 18
Senate vote • 3/10/2026
General Laws and Technology Amendment agreed to
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/6/2026
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading)
Yes: 39 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/6/2026
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 3/4/2026
Reported from General Laws and Technology with amendment
Yes: 9 • No: 6
House vote • 2/16/2026
Read third time and passed House
Yes: 79 • No: 19
House vote • 2/10/2026
Reported from General Laws with substitute
Yes: 21 • No: 0
House vote • 1/29/2026
Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute
Yes: 10 • No: 0
Senate concurred in Governor's recommendation (22-Y 17-N 0-A)
House concurred in Governor's recommendation (69-Y 27-N 0-A)
Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP1066)
Reenrolled bill text (HB678ER2)
Approved by Governor-Chapter 1066 (Effective 1/1/2027)
Signed by President
Signed by Speaker
Governor's recommendation adopted
Governor's recommendation received by House
Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB678)
Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026
Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026
Signed by Speaker
Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB678ER)
Enrolled
Signed by President
Senate amendment agreed to by House (73-Y 25-N 0-A)
Passed Senate with amendment (22-Y 18-N 0-A)
General Laws and Technology Amendment agreed to
Engrossed by Senate as amended
Read third time
Passed by for the day
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A)
Rules suspended
Chaptered
4/22/2026
Reenrolled
4/22/2026
Gov Recommendation
4/11/2026
Enrolled
3/30/2026
Amendment
3/10/2026
Amendment
3/5/2026
Amendment
3/3/2026
Substitute
2/10/2026
Substitute
1/29/2026
Introduced
1/13/2026
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