VirginiaSB2942026 Regular SessionSenateWALLET

Va. Residential Landlord & Tenant Act; submetering, energy allocation, & ratio utility billing sys.

Sponsored By: Lashrecse D. Aird (Democratic)

Became Law

Summary

Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act; civil action for unlawful detainer; termination notice; energy submetering equipment. Provides that no landlord shall file or maintain an action for unlawful detainer against a residential tenant for any alleged lease violation until the landlord has provided the tenant with a proper and effective termination notice and that no notice of termination of tenancy for nonpayment of rent pursuant to the Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act shall be effective unless such notice contains a written statement of charges and payments over the course of the tenancy or the past 12 months, whichever is shorter, and any late charges, attorney fees, costs, and other charges or damages as contracted for in the rental agreement that are due and owing. The bill requires such notice to also include debits and credits incurred by the tenant for energy and utility bills and any additional charges permitted as applicable. The bill also requires the owner of any residential building to maintain adequate records indicating how monthly energy and utility billing fees are calculated and including a history of billing fee payments for each tenant over the duration of the tenancy or the past 12 months, whichever is shorter. Such records shall be made available to the tenant upon request. Finally, the bill removes a provision allowing for the collection of fees when a tenant requests such records. The bill has a delayed effective date of July 1, 2027. This bill is identical to HB 1361.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

5 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 1 costs, 3 mixed.

After foreclosure, staying costs fair rent

Beginning July 1, 2027, if a single-family home is sold at foreclosure and the former owner stays, that person becomes a tenant at sufferance. The new owner may end the tenancy with at least three days’ written notice and then file to remove the occupant. The former owner owes fair market rent from the sale date until moving out and may also owe damages, reasonable attorney fees, and court costs.

Faster eviction hearings with tenant safeguards

Beginning July 1, 2027, courts hold the first eviction hearing within 21 days of filing (30 days at most). The summons must be served at least 10 days before the hearing. For single-family homes with no rental agreement, and after at least 72 hours’ written notice, the court sets an emergency hearing within 14 days (30-day cap). Landlords must give a proper termination notice before filing and must show it in court before any order of possession or judgment. The summons can list all amounts due through the hearing, and landlords cannot later sue again for those same sums. If rent is due on the first for the full month, the landlord can claim the full month; otherwise rent is prorated, and any re-rental that month must credit the judgment. Courts may accept photocopies with an accuracy affidavit, and if the tenant does not appear, sworn statements can prove the amounts due (with any payments disclosed). Every summons must also tell tenants that employers cannot punish them for missing work to attend hearings.

New rules for utility billing in rentals

Beginning July 1, 2027, landlords can use energy or water submeters, energy allocation, or ratio billing if the lease clearly says so. Equipment must meet State Corporation Commission standards. Utility bills must cover the same period as the utility company unless the lease says otherwise. Owners may charge agreed admin or billing fees and a late fee up to $5 if you miss the due date; the bill must give you at least 15 days to pay. In ratio billing, the late fee counts as rent. Local government fees may be split among tenants by a stated formula when the lease allows, and those fees and admin costs can be treated as rent. You can get one free test of allocation equipment every 24 months and must get written results in 10 working days. You may review and copy billing calculation records and your payment history during business hours. Owners may also include utilities in the rent if the lease says so. Private rights to sue for lease breaches are preserved.

Clearer tenant notices and e-delivery

Beginning July 1, 2027, landlords and tenants may send notices electronically if the lease allows. Any tenant can choose paper notices instead, and the sender must keep proof of delivery. Termination notices from public housing authorities must list the local legal aid name, address, and phone on the first page. Private landlords must add the statewide legal aid phone and website on notices to tenants who get tenant-based rental help. Any nonpayment termination notice must show charges and payments for the tenancy or past 12 months and list all late fees, attorney fees, costs, and other charges. If your lease uses submetering or ratio billing, the notice must show your utility debits and credits.

All changes start July 1, 2027

The law takes effect on July 1, 2027. Courts, landlords, and tenants follow the new eviction, notice, and utility billing rules starting that date.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Lashrecse D. Aird

    Democratic • Senate

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 197 • No: 65

Senate vote 3/10/2026

House substitute agreed to by Senate

Yes: 21 • No: 19

House vote 3/6/2026

Passed House with substitute

Yes: 75 • No: 23

House vote 3/3/2026

Reported from General Laws with substitute

Yes: 20 • No: 1

House vote 2/26/2026

Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute

Yes: 10 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/10/2026

Read third time and passed Senate

Yes: 21 • No: 19

Senate vote 2/9/2026

General Laws and Technology Substitute agreed to

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/6/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading)

Yes: 39 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/6/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/4/2026

Reported from General Laws and Technology with substitute

Yes: 11 • No: 3

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0784)

    4/13/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter 784 (Effective 7/1/2027)

    4/13/2026Governor
  3. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB294)

    4/1/2026Senate
  4. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/31/2026Governor
  5. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026

    3/31/2026Senate
  6. Signed by Speaker

    3/31/2026House
  7. Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB294ER)

    3/30/2026Senate
  8. Enrolled

    3/30/2026Senate
  9. Signed by President

    3/30/2026Senate
  10. House substitute agreed to by Senate (21-Y 19-N 0-A)

    3/10/2026Senate
  11. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB294)

    3/6/2026Senate
  12. Passed House with substitute (75-Y 23-N 0-A)

    3/6/2026House
  13. Engrossed by House - committee substitute

    3/6/2026House
  14. committee substitute agreed to

    3/6/2026House
  15. Read third time

    3/6/2026House
  16. Read second time

    3/5/2026House
  17. Committee substitute printed 26108714D-H1

    3/3/2026House
  18. Reported from General Laws with substitute (20-Y 1-N)

    3/3/2026House
  19. House subcommittee offered

    2/26/2026House
  20. Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute (10-Y 0-N)

    2/26/2026House
  21. Assigned HGL sub: Housing/Consumer Protection

    2/23/2026House
  22. Read first time

    2/13/2026House
  23. Referred to Committee on General Laws

    2/13/2026House
  24. Placed on Calendar

    2/13/2026House
  25. Read third time and passed Senate (21-Y 19-N 0-A)

    2/10/2026Senate

Bill Text

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