All Roll Calls
Yes: 183 • No: 44
Sponsored By: Schuyler T. VanValkenburg (Democratic)
Became Law
Exemptions from garnishment; minimum protected account balance; certain benefit payments; procedure for financial institutions. Requires certain financial institutions to automatically exempt from garnishment (i) a minimum protected account balance, defined in the bill as the combined total of not more than $1,000 in a judgment debtor's account or across multiple accounts in the same financial institution, and (ii) a protected amount of certain benefit payments, defined in the bill, that have been deposited into the account via direct deposit or electronic deposit within the two months immediately preceding the day before a financial institution commences an account review. The bill describes an account review as a process of examining an account of a judgment conducted by a financial institution upon such financial institution's receipt of a garnishment summons to determine if any eligible benefit payments have been deposited within the applicable time period and, if so, to calculate the total sum of such benefit payments and establish the total as a protected amount that shall be automatically exempt from garnishment. The bill provides that such procedure to automatically exempt such funds shall not apply if the debt arises from a child support or spousal support obligation or if an exemption is otherwise prohibited by law.The bill further provides that a judgment debtor is not required to claim nor request a hearing for such automatic exemptions. Finally, the bill makes updates to the relevant provisions governing garnishment proceedings, notices to the garnishee and judgment debtor, and the form of a garnishment summons consistent with the provisions of the bill. This bill is identical to HB 601.
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2 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 0 costs, 1 mixed.
The law tightens wage‑garnishment summons rules: one debtor, one garnishee, the “TOTAL BALANCE DUE,” the debtor’s Social Security number, and whether it targets wages or other property. If papers are wrong, the garnishee can file an answer, the summons is void, and the garnishee has no liability. If a non‑wage summons lacks enough info to identify the debtor, the garnishee is not liable; if info is sufficient, it must answer the court, send a copy to the debtor, and banks must check for automatic exemptions before responding. Every garnishment summons or lien notice must include a notice of exemptions and a claim form that list common protected benefits and explain how to claim them.
The law keeps up to $1,000 across your bank accounts safe when a garnishment arrives. Starting April 1, 2027, this amount updates every three years for inflation (rounded to $25). If your balance is higher, the bank must review the last two months and automatically protect the total of any clearly tagged federal or Virginia benefit deposits, like Social Security, SSI, VA, unemployment, workers’ comp, or child support. These protections are automatic, you keep normal access to the money, and the bank reviews each account separately and sends you a notice. Money above the protected amounts can be taken, and no review happens if another law forbids these exemptions or the deposits cannot be identified from the payer’s information.
Schuyler T. VanValkenburg
Democratic • Senate
There are no cosponsors for this bill.
All Roll Calls
Yes: 183 • No: 44
House vote • 2/23/2026
Passed House
Yes: 81 • No: 15
House vote • 2/18/2026
Reported from Courts of Justice
Yes: 18 • No: 4
Senate vote • 2/12/2026
Read third time and passed Senate
Yes: 21 • No: 19
Senate vote • 2/11/2026
Courts of Justice Amendments agreed to
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 2/10/2026
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Yes: 0 • No: 0
Senate vote • 2/10/2026
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading)
Yes: 40 • No: 0
Senate vote • 2/9/2026
Reported from Courts of Justice with amendments
Yes: 8 • No: 6
Senate vote • 1/26/2026
Rereferred from Commerce and Labor to Courts of Justice
Yes: 15 • No: 0
Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0638)
Approved by Governor-Chapter 638 (effective 7/1/2026)
Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026
Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 10, 2026
Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB301ER)
Enrolled
Signed by President
Signed by Speaker
Passed House (81-Y 15-N 0-A)
Read third time
Read second time
Reported from Courts of Justice (18-Y 4-N)
Read first time
Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
Placed on Calendar
Read third time and passed Senate (21-Y 19-N 0-A)
Courts of Justice Amendments agreed to
Engrossed by Senate as amended (Voice Vote)
Read second time
Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)
Rules suspended
Senate committee offered
Reported from Courts of Justice with amendments (8-Y 6-N)
Rereferred from Commerce and Labor to Courts of Justice (15-Y 0-N)
Chaptered
4/13/2026
Enrolled
2/24/2026
Engrossed
2/11/2026
Amendment
2/10/2026
Amendment
2/9/2026
Introduced
1/13/2026
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