VirginiaSB3232026 Regular SessionSenate

Plastic firearms or receivers, etc., transfer, etc., prohibited; penalties.

Sponsored By: Adam P. Ebbin (Democratic)

Became Law

Summary

Manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, or possession of plastic firearms and unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms prohibited; penalties. Creates a Class 5 felony for any person who knowingly manufactures or assembles, imports, purchases, sells, transfers, or possesses any firearm that, after removal of all parts other than a major component, as defined in the bill, is not detectable as a firearm when subjected to inspection by the types of detection devices, including X-ray machines, commonly used at airports, government buildings, schools, correctional facilities, and other locations for security screening. The bill updates language regarding the types of detection devices that are used at such locations for detecting plastic firearms. Under current law, it is unlawful to manufacture, import, sell, transfer, or possess any plastic firearm and a violation is punishable as a Class 5 felony.The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to knowingly possess a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number or to knowingly import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any completed or unfinished frame or receiver, unless the completed or unfinished frame or receiver (i) is deemed to be a firearm pursuant to federal law and (ii) is imprinted with a valid serial number. The bill also creates a Class 1 misdemeanor, which is punishable as a Class 4 felony for a second or subsequent offense, for any person to manufacture or assemble, cause to be manufactured or assembled, import, purchase, sell, offer for sale, or transfer ownership of any firearm that is not imprinted with a valid serial number. The provisions of the bill prohibiting unfinished frames or receivers and unserialized firearms have a delayed effective date of January 1, 2027; however, the provisions of the bill prohibiting the knowing possession of a firearm or any completed or unfinished frame or receiver that is not imprinted with a valid serial number have a delayed effective date of July 1, 2027. This bill is identical to HB 40.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

2 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 2 costs, 0 mixed.

Ban on plastic, undetectable guns

The law makes it illegal to make, import, buy, sell, transfer, or possess a plastic firearm. It also bans any gun that common security screening cannot detect after you remove non‑major parts.

Serial numbers required on guns and parts

From January 1, 2027, unserialized firearms, frames, and receivers cannot be made, imported, bought, sold, or transferred. Licensed dealers who add serial numbers must use a code tied to their federal license and keep transfer records. People without a federal gun‑making license cannot sell or transfer guns they made. First violations are Class 1 misdemeanors; later violations are Class 4 felonies. From July 1, 2027, you also cannot possess any unserialized gun, frame, or receiver. Exceptions include antique or pre‑1968 guns, law enforcement, the military, federal licensees, carriers, and government buybacks. New residents have 90 days to comply or remove the gun; some sport‑shooting visitors are exempt while needed.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Adam P. Ebbin

    Democratic • Senate

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 273 • No: 166

Senate vote 3/14/2026

Conference report agreed to by Senate

Yes: 21 • No: 18

House vote 3/14/2026

Conference report agreed to by House

Yes: 62 • No: 35

Senate vote 2/23/2026

Senate acceded to request

Yes: 35 • No: 3

Senate vote 2/18/2026

House substitute rejected by Senate

Yes: 0 • No: 39

House vote 2/16/2026

Passed House with substitute

Yes: 62 • No: 35

House vote 2/13/2026

Reported from Public Safety with substitute

Yes: 13 • No: 7

Senate vote 2/9/2026

Read third time and passed Senate

Yes: 21 • No: 19

Senate vote 2/6/2026

Engrossed by Senate (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/5/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/5/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading)

Yes: 40 • No: 0

Senate vote 2/4/2026

Reported from Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 10 • No: 5

Senate vote 1/26/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 9 • No: 5

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0532)

    4/10/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter532 (Effective -see bill)

    4/10/2026Governor
  3. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB323)

    4/1/2026Senate
  4. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/31/2026Governor
  5. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026

    3/31/2026Senate
  6. Signed by Speaker

    3/31/2026House
  7. Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB323ER)

    3/30/2026Senate
  8. Enrolled

    3/30/2026Senate
  9. Signed by President

    3/30/2026Senate
  10. Conference report agreed to by Senate (21-Y 18-N 0-A)

    3/14/2026Senate
  11. Conference report agreed to by House (62-Y 35-N 0-A)

    3/14/2026House
  12. Conference Report released

    3/14/2026
  13. House Conferees: Simon, McPike, Phillips

    2/24/2026House
  14. Conferees appointed by House

    2/24/2026House
  15. Senate acceded to request (35-Y 3-N 0-A)

    2/23/2026Senate
  16. Senate Conferees: Surovell, Jones, Obenshain

    2/23/2026Senate
  17. Conferees appointed by Senate

    2/23/2026Senate
  18. House requested conference committee

    2/19/2026House
  19. House insisted on substitute

    2/19/2026House
  20. House substitute rejected by Senate

    2/18/2026Senate
  21. Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (2/17/2026 9:51 am)

    2/17/2026Senate
  22. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB323)

    2/16/2026Senate
  23. Passed House with substitute (62-Y 35-N 0-A)

    2/16/2026House
  24. Engrossed by House - committee substitute

    2/16/2026House
  25. committee substitute agreed to

    2/16/2026House

Bill Text

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