VirginiaSB7492026 Regular SessionSenate

Assault firearms & certain ammunition feeding devices; purchase, sale, etc., prohibited, penalties.

Sponsored By: Saddam Azlan Salim (Democratic)

Signed by Governor

Summary

Purchase, sale, transfer, etc., of assault firearms and certain ammunition feeding devices prohibited; penalties. Creates a Class 1 misdemeanor for any person who imports, sells, manufactures, purchases, or transfers an assault firearm, as that term is defined in the bill with some exceptions, and prohibits a person who has been convicted of such violation from purchasing, possessing, or transporting a firearm for a period of three years from the date of conviction. The bill provides that an assault firearm does not include any firearm that is an antique firearm, has been rendered permanently inoperable, or is manually operated by bolt, pump, lever, or slide action. The bill also prohibits the sale of a large capacity ammunition feeding device, as that term is defined in the bill. The bill provides that any person who willfully and intentionally (i) sells an assault firearm to another person or (ii) purchases an assault firearm from another person is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor and that any person who imports, sells, barters, transfers, or purchases a large capacity ammunition feeding device is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. This bill is identical to HB 217.

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

8 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 7 costs, 1 mixed.

Gun buyers and sellers face checks

Dealers must get written consent and request criminal-history checks before covered transfers to Virginia residents. Forms ask about listed misdemeanors and qualifying juvenile findings for offenses committed at age 14 or older. Private sellers generally must use a designated dealer to verify that the buyer is not barred; willful, intentional noncompliance is a Class 1 misdemeanor. Check fees are $2 per required transaction or $5 for out-of-state buyers; dealers may charge private sellers up to $15 more. Exceptions cover authorized voluntary buybacks or givebacks, qualifying State Police-cleared gun-show sales, and covered sales under § 59.1-148.3, excluding subsection C sales.

Some noncitizens cannot get assault firearms

Virginia dealers cannot sell, rent, trade, or transfer covered assault firearms from their inventory to some noncitizens. The restriction applies to recipients who are neither U.S. citizens nor lawful permanent residents.

Buyers face limits on assault firearms

Virginia bans importing, selling, making, buying, or transferring covered assault firearms, subject to listed exceptions; violations are Class 1 misdemeanors. Sales include exchanges for money, goods, or services, and willful, intentional sales or purchases carry that penalty. Covered guns include specified semi-automatic center-fire rifles and pistols, specified semi-automatic shotguns, revolving-cylinder shotguns, belt-fed guns, and guns modified to qualify. The rifle definition includes fixed magazines holding more than 15 rounds; antique, permanently inoperable, and manually operated guns are excluded. Exceptions cover listed government, police, military, security, cadet, dealer, inheritance, and temporary range activities, plus allowed transactions involving guns lawfully bought and possessed before July 1, 2026.

Buyers face limits on large magazines

Importing, selling, bartering, transferring, or buying covered ammunition-feeding devices in Virginia is a Class 1 misdemeanor. Covered devices hold, or can readily be restored or converted to accept, more than 15 rounds. Attached tubular devices designed for and usable only with .22 caliber rimfire ammunition are excluded. Exceptions cover specified government, police, qualified retired-officer activity, devices permanently modified to hold no more than 15 rounds, and qualifying devices lawfully bought and possessed before July 1, 2026. Listed transfers through federally licensed dealers to military, senior military colleges, police, other dealers, or lawful out-of-state recipients remain allowed.

Gun convictions trigger three-year firearm bans

Covered convictions, including assault-firearm violations under § 18.2-287.4:1, bar buying, possessing, or transporting firearms for three years from conviction. Knowingly and intentionally breaking that ban is a Class 1 misdemeanor, and people barred under § 18.2-308.1:9 cannot get concealed-handgun permits. Firearm rights return after three years unless another conviction, firearm-restricting protective order, or other legal ban applies. Knowingly providing a firearm to someone barred under that section, or holding one to provide it, is also a Class 1 misdemeanor. The provider restriction does not apply when the recipient has obtained the listed restoration, relief, pardon, removal of political disabilities, or federal authorization.

Gun violations can trigger property forfeiture

Virginia adds assault-firearm violations under § 18.2-287.4:1 to offenses that can trigger firearm or weapon forfeiture. Covered property may be forfeited to the state when concealed, possessed, transported, or carried in violation of a listed law.

Minors face handgun and assault-firearm limits

People under 18 cannot knowingly and intentionally possess or transport handguns or covered assault firearms in Virginia. Violations are Class 1 misdemeanors. Exceptions cover specified home, family-property, landowner-permitted, supervised range or class, lawful hunting, and military or National Guard activities. Firearms must be unloaded during the specified trips to or from ranges, classes, and hunting areas.

Local gun buybacks face disposal rules

Localities need an authorizing ordinance for programs exchanging something of value for surrendered firearms, except voluntary assault-firearm buybacks or givebacks. The ordinance must require destruction unless the surrendering owner requests in writing an auction or sealed-bid sale to a federally licensed dealer. The destruction rule excludes firearm types listed in §§ 18.2-288 and 18.2-299 and firearms whose transfer federal law prohibits. Sales require notice in at least two Virginia newspapers, including one circulating locally, at least 30 days before sale or bid opening. Unsold firearms may be disposed of as the locality considers proper.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Saddam Azlan Salim

    Democratic • Senate

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 195 • No: 108

Senate vote • 4/22/2026

Passed by for the day

Yes: 21 • No: 18

Senate vote • 3/9/2026

House substitute agreed to by Senate

Yes: 21 • No: 19

House vote • 3/4/2026

Passed House with substitute

Yes: 59 • No: 35

House vote • 2/27/2026

Reported from Public Safety with substitute

Yes: 14 • No: 7

Senate vote • 2/9/2026

Read third time and passed Senate

Yes: 21 • No: 19

Senate vote • 2/6/2026

Finance and Appropriations Substitute agreed to

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/6/2026

Courts of Justice Substitute rejected

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/5/2026

Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading)

Yes: 40 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/5/2026

Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

Yes: 0 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/4/2026

Reported from Finance and Appropriations with substitute

Yes: 10 • No: 5

Senate vote • 1/26/2026

Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations

Yes: 9 • No: 5

Actions Timeline

  1. Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP1107)

    5/14/2026Governor
  2. Approved by Governor-Chapter 1107 (effective 7/1/2026)

    5/14/2026Governor
  3. Passed by for the day (21-Y 18-N 0-A)

    4/22/2026Senate
  4. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., May 23, 2026

    4/22/2026Governor
  5. Communicated to Governor

    4/22/2026Senate
  6. Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (4/14/2026 4:35 pm)

    4/14/2026Senate
  7. Governor's recommendation received by Senate

    4/11/2026Governor
  8. Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (4/3/2026 1:29 pm)

    4/3/2026Senate
  9. Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

    3/14/2026Governor
  10. Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 14, 2026

    3/14/2026Senate
  11. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB749)

    3/13/2026Senate
  12. Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB749ER)

    3/13/2026Senate
  13. Enrolled

    3/13/2026House
  14. Signed by President

    3/13/2026Senate
  15. Signed by Speaker

    3/13/2026House
  16. House substitute agreed to by Senate

    3/9/2026Senate
  17. Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (3/9/2026 10:46 am)

    3/9/2026Senate
  18. Passed by for the day

    3/6/2026Senate
  19. Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (SB749)

    3/5/2026Senate
  20. Passed House with substitute (59-Y 35-N 0-A)

    3/4/2026House
  21. Engrossed by House - floor substitute

    3/4/2026House
  22. Delegate Helmer Floor substitute agreed to

    3/4/2026House
  23. committee substitute rejected

    3/4/2026House
  24. Read third time

    3/4/2026House
  25. Floor Offered

    3/4/2026House

Bill Text

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