Title IN, Insurance Code

Sec. 541.253. FRIVOLOUS ACTION. The court may award to the defendant court costs and reasonable attorney's fees in relation to the work expended on a finding by the court that a class action under this subchapter was brought by an individual plaintiff in bad faith or for the purp…

Sec. 541.254. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS TOLLED. The filing of a class action under this subchapter tolls the statute of limitations for bringing an action by an individual under Section 541.162. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.

Sec. 541.255. PRIOR NOTICE. (a) Not later than the 31st day before the date a class action for damages is commenced under this subchapter, the prospective plaintiff must: (1) notify the intended defendant of the complaint; and (2) demand that the defendant provide relief to the p…

Sec. 541.256. PREREQUISITES TO CLASS ACTION. The court shall permit one or more members of a class to sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf of the class only if: (1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable; (2) there are questions of law…

Sec. 541.257. CLASS ACTIONS MAINTAINABLE. (a) An action may be maintained as a class action under this subchapter if the prerequisites of Section 541.256 are satisfied and, in addition: (1) the prosecution of separate actions by or against individual members of the class would cr…

Sec. 541.258. CLASS ACTIONS: ISSUES AND SUBCLASSES AUTHORIZED. When appropriate, an action may be brought or maintained as a class action under this subchapter with respect to particular issues or a class may be divided into subclasses and each subclass treated as a class, and th…

Sec. 541.259. DETERMINATION REGARDING WHETHER CLASS ACTION MAY BE MAINTAINED. (a) As soon as practicable after the commencement of an action brought as a class action, the court shall determine by order whether it is to be maintained as a class action under this subchapter. (b) A…

Sec. 541.260. EFFECT OF DENIAL OF CLASS ACTION. A court order denying that an action under this subchapter may be brought as a class action does not affect whether an individual may bring the same or a similar action under Subchapter D. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Se…

Sec. 541.261. NOTICE OF CLASS ACTION. (a) If an action is permitted as a class action under this subchapter, the court shall direct to the members of the class the best notice practicable under the circumstances, including individual notice to all members who can be identified th…

Sec. 541.262. PROCEDURES IN CLASS ACTION. In a class action under this subchapter, the court may make appropriate orders: (1) determining the course of proceedings or prescribing measures to prevent undue repetition or complication in the presentation of evidence or argument; (2)…

Sec. 541.263. EFFECT OF SETTLEMENT OFFER. (a) Damages may not be awarded to a class under this subchapter if, not later than the 30th day after the date the intended defendant receives notice under Section 541.255, the intended defendant provides to the plaintiff by certified or …

Sec. 541.264. DEFENSES. Damages may not be awarded in a class action under this subchapter if the defendant: (1) proves that the action complained of resulted from a bona fide error, notwithstanding the use of reasonable procedures adopted to avoid an error; and (2) made restitut…

Sec. 541.265. LIMITATIONS PERIOD FOR DAMAGES. In a class action under this subchapter, damages may not include any damages incurred more than two years before the date the action is commenced. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.

Sec. 541.266. DISPOSITION. (a) A class action under this subchapter may not be dismissed, settled, or compromised without the approval of the court. (b) Notice of the proposed dismissal, settlement, or compromise shall be given to all members of the class in the manner the court …

Sec. 541.267. CONTENTS OF JUDGMENT; NOTICE. (a) The judgment in a class action under this subchapter must describe those to whom the notice under Section 541.261 was directed and who have not requested exclusion and those the court finds to be members of the class. (b) The court …

Sec. 541.301. REFUND OF PREMIUMS. (a) After notice and hearing as provided in Subchapter C, the department may require a person to make an accounting under Subsection (b): (1) in connection with a method of competition or act or practice that is the basis of a cease and desist or…

Sec. 541.302. TIME TO MAKE REFUNDS. The department shall specify a reasonable time within which a person required to make premium refunds under Section 541.301 must make the refunds. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.

Sec. 541.303. SANCTION. (a) The department may report to the attorney general a person's failure to comply with the department's requirement to refund premiums within the time specified under Section 541.302. The department may request that the attorney general file an action to …

Sec. 541.304. EVIDENTIARY USE OF COMPLIANCE OR ATTEMPT TO COMPLY. (a) Compliance or an attempt to comply with the department's requirement to refund premiums is: (1) an offer to compromise; (2) not admissible as evidence; and (3) not an admission of engaging in an unlawful act or…

Sec. 541.351. ACCEPTANCE OF ASSURANCE. (a) In administering this chapter, the department may accept assurance of voluntary compliance from a person who is engaging in, has engaged in, or is about to engage in an act or practice in violation of: (1) this chapter or a rule adopted …

Sec. 541.352. EFFECT OF ASSURANCE. (a) An assurance of voluntary compliance is not an admission of a prior violation of: (1) this chapter or a rule adopted under this chapter; or (2) Section 17.46, Business & Commerce Code. (b) Unless an assurance of voluntary compliance is resci…

Sec. 541.353. REOPENING. A matter closed by the filing of an assurance of voluntary compliance may be reopened at any time. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.

Sec. 541.354. RIGHT TO BRING ACTION NOT AFFECTED. An assurance of voluntary compliance does not affect the right of an individual to bring an action under this chapter, except that the right of an individual in relation to money received according to a stipulation under Section 5…

Sec. 541.401. RULEMAKING AUTHORITY. (a) The commissioner may adopt and enforce reasonable rules the commissioner determines necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter. (b) Notwithstanding a previous definition or interpretation of a term used in this chapter contained i…

Sec. 541.402. PETITION. (a) A petition may be submitted to the commissioner to adopt, amend, or repeal a rule. The petition must be: (1) signed by 100 interested persons; and (2) supported by evidence that: (A) a particular act or practice has been or could be false, misleading, …

Sec. 541.403. DENIAL OF PETITION. (a) The department must state in writing the reason for denying a petition to adopt, amend, or repeal a rule. (b) The department is expressly authorized to deny the petition if the action sought would: (1) destroy uniformity with the laws of othe…

Sec. 541.404. HEARING ON PETITION. (a) A hearing held by the department in response to a petition to adopt, amend, or repeal a rule must be open to the public. (b) At the hearing, any person may present to the department in writing or orally testimony, data, or other information …

Sec. 541.405. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF DEPARTMENT ACTION. (a) A person aggrieved by the denial of a petition under Section 541.402 or the adoption, amendment, or repeal of or failure to adopt a rule under this subchapter may file a petition in a district court in Travis County for: (1)…

Sec. 541.451. LIABILITY UNDER OTHER LAW. An order of the department under this chapter or an order by a court to enforce that order does not relieve or absolve a person affected by either order from liability under another law of this state. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 127…

Sec. 541.452. POWERS IN ADDITION TO OTHER POWERS AUTHORIZED BY LAW. The powers vested in the department and the commissioner by this chapter are in addition to any other powers to enforce a penalty, fine, or forfeiture authorized by law with respect to a method of competition or …

Sec. 541.453. DOUBLE RECOVERY PROHIBITED. A person may not recover damages and penalties for the same act or practice under both this chapter and another law. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1274, Sec. 2, eff. April 1, 2005.

Sec. 541.454. PENALTIES AND RELATED PAYMENTS BY INSURER. (a) Civil penalties, premium refunds, judgments, compensatory judgments, individual recoveries, orders, class action awards, costs, damages, or attorney's fees assessed or awarded under this chapter: (1) may be paid only fr…