Producer
ASML Holding
ASML Holding N.V. (Nasdaq: ASML, Euronext: ASML); sole global manufacturer of EUV lithography scanners — 100% market share, no competitor within 10+ years. HQ and final assembly in Veldhoven, Netherlands. Manufactures only ~15% of scanner components internally; draws from 5,150+ global suppliers. TWINSCAN NXE series (low-NA, ~$183M): ~44-56 units/year. TWINSCAN EXE:5200 High-NA ($380M): 5-6 units/year currently, targeting 20/year by 2028. Record backlog €38.8B (Q4 2025); 18-24 month lead times. China dropped from 49% to ~20% of revenue after 2024 export controls. Owns 24.9% of Carl Zeiss SMT — its sole optics supplier.
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Goods downstream
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Facilities
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Stories
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2 inputs ASML Holding supplies
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3 facilities
ASML Berlin Component Manufacturing →
DEBerlin · manufacturing
ASML Berlin facility at Behrens-Ufer commercial district; 700+ employees. Manufactures wafer clamps, wafer tables, reticle chucks, and mirror blocks. €100M/year investment; 13,000 sq m expansion completed November 2024. Acquired via purchase of Berliner Glas from Philips in 2020. Source: https://www.asml.com/en/company/about-asml/locations/berlin
ASML San Diego / Cymer (Light Source) →
USCalifornia · manufacturing
Cymer division (acquired by ASML 2013 for €1.95B) in San Diego. Manufactures and services the laser-produced plasma (LPP) EUV light source: molten tin droplets at 70 m/s, 50,000/second, struck by Trumpf CO₂ laser pulses to generate 13.5nm EUV light. Three development sources on-site for ongoing upgrades. Operating capability: 3,380+ continuous hours. Source: https://www.asml.com/en/company/about-asml/cymer
ASML Veldhoven Headquarters & Manufacturing →
NLVeldhoven, North Brabant · equipment_manufacturing
Only site in the world where EUV machines are assembled. Each EUV machine contains 100,000+ parts from 5,000+ suppliers and takes ~18 months to build. Ships ~50 units/year.
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EUV Lithography Systems (Global Monopoly)
55%DUV Lithography Systems
35%Metrology, Inspection + Services
10%
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Did you know2023
ASML was founded in 1984 as a joint venture between ASM International (a Dutch semiconductor equipment maker) and Philips (the Dutch electronics conglomerate) in a temporary warehouse on Philips' campus in Eindhoven. The company's name stands for 'Advanced Semiconductor Materials Lithography.' For its first decade, ASML was an also-ran in the lithography market dominated by Nikon and Canon (Japan). The turning point was ASML's decision in the early 1990s to pursue EUV — then considered technically infeasible — as the successor to DUV lithography. EUV development took approximately $8-12 billion in cumulative R&D investment over 25 years (1990s-2020s), funded partly by Intel, Samsung, and TSMC (who made equity investments in ASML), partly by US Department of Energy national laboratories (Lawrence Livermore, Sandia), and partly by ASML itself. When EUV machines finally became commercially viable (first EUV systems shipped 2016-2018), ASML had created an absolute monopoly position that no competitor could replicate in less than a decade. The company that 40 years ago was a startup in a Philips warehouse now determines whether any country can manufacture the most advanced semiconductors on Earth. Philips — which still owned 25% of ASML in 2004 — sold its entire stake by 2012 before ASML's value had reached its current €350B market cap. The Netherlands' most valuable company was once a Philips spinoff that Philips didn't hold onto.
ASML Holding N.V. ↗Concentration2023
ASML Holding (Veldhoven, Netherlands) is the only company in the world that manufactures EUV (extreme ultraviolet) lithography machines — the equipment required to pattern semiconductor features below approximately 7nm. No second source exists, and no competitor is technically feasible within at least a decade. ASML's EUV systems use 13.5nm wavelength light (shorter than X-rays) generated by firing pulses of laser at tin droplets at 50,000 times per second to create plasma that emits EUV; the light is then focused through a series of mirrors (no lenses work at EUV wavelengths) polished to atomic-level precision by Carl Zeiss AG (Germany). Each EUV machine contains approximately 100,000 components from more than 5,000 suppliers across 29 countries, requires 20 shipping containers to transport, and takes 12-18 months to install and commission at a chip fab. ASML produces 44-60 EUV machines per year at prices of €170-350M each. TSMC alone consumes approximately 70-80% of annual EUV production for its advanced nodes. The entire global supply of chips below 7nm — powering iPhones, data centers, AI training clusters, and advanced defense systems — flows through 44-60 machines made per year in one Dutch city.
ASML Holding N.V. ↗Incident2022
Beginning in October 2022 and expanding through 2023-2024, the United States, Netherlands, and Japan reached a trilateral agreement to restrict exports of advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment to China — targeting specifically ASML (Netherlands) EUV machines and also ASML's DUV (deep ultraviolet) machines used at older nodes, plus Japanese etching equipment from Tokyo Electron and Shin-Etsu's photoresist technology. The US had already required ASML to stop shipping EUV to China (since 2019, through export license denial) — but the 2022-2023 accords extended restrictions to ASML's DUV immersion systems (which China had used to build its own 'advanced' chips using multiple patterning). ASML's Dutch export license was modified to prohibit shipping of TWINSCAN NXT:2000i and more advanced DUV systems to China. China's Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) had been advancing toward 7nm using DUV multi-patterning (complex but possible) — the new restrictions were intended to close this workaround. The US chose the Netherlands as the strategic lever — a Dutch company in a small EU country holds the only technology capable of manufacturing advanced chips, and US pressure on the Netherlands was sufficient to enforce a technology blockade of the world's second-largest economy.
US Bureau of Industry and Security ↗