Producer
Serum Institute of India
World's largest vaccine manufacturer by dose volume — ~1.9–2.0 billion doses/year as of 2023, representing ~60% of global vaccine production. Produces routine childhood vaccines (polio, measles, DTP, BCG), COVID vaccines, and others for Gavi-eligible markets. Single-site concentration risk in Pune.
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Inputs supplied
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Goods downstream
3
Facilities
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Stories
What they make
4 inputs Serum Institute of India supplies
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Goods downstream
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Where they make it
3 facilities
Serum Institute Hadapsar Facility →
INHadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra · vaccine manufacturing
Primary manufacturing campus; produces bulk of SII's 1.9B doses/year. Houses multiple vaccine production lines for polio, measles, DTP, BCG, COVID. Single-site concentration risk for 60% of global vaccine dose supply.
Serum Institute Manjari Biotech Park →
INManjari, Pune, Maharashtra · aseptic vaccine manufacturing
55-acre biotech park for aseptic/sterile production of BCG, HPV, TdaP, rotavirus, monoclonal antibodies. Secondary Pune campus.
Serum Institute of India - Pune, Maharashtra →
INWorlds largest vaccine factory by doses; sole R21/Matrix-M manufacturer; 20M+ doses produced 2024; low-cost production enables $2-4/dose pricing for Africa
What else they do
Business segments
The company's full revenue map, where this supply-chain role fits within their broader business.
Routine Childhood Vaccines (GAVI/UNICEF)
48%COVID-19 Vaccines (Covishield / Covovax)
18%Malaria Vaccine (R21/Matrix-M)
8%Antivenoms & Specialty Biologics
16%Flu & Other Vaccines
10%
Intelligence
What's known
Sourced claims about this company's role in supply chains, chokepoints, concentration, incidents, dual-use connections.
Did you know2023
Serum Institute of India — best known for producing ~60% of the world's GAVI-eligible childhood vaccines — is also one of the world's largest producers of snake antivenom. Snakebite kills approximately 100,000 people per year and disables 400,000 more (WHO data); it is one of the world's deadliest neglected tropical diseases. SII's polyvalent antivenoms (treating Russell's viper, cobra, krait, and saw-scaled viper bites) are on the WHO Essential Medicines List and are the primary treatment across South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The same Pune facility that scaled to 200 million COVID-19 doses per month in 2021 is also producing the antivenom that prevents mass casualties from snakebites in rural India and Africa. The world's largest vaccine factory, known for GAVI contracts and COVID heroics, is simultaneously the dominant supplier for a completely separate fatal disease that the global press barely covers.
Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. ↗Concentration2021
The Serum Institute of India (SII) in Pune produces approximately 1.9–2.0 billion vaccine doses per year — roughly 60% of global vaccine production volume. Two facilities in the same Indian city (Hadapsar and Manjari) represent the single largest concentration risk in the global vaccine supply chain. A contamination event, regulatory shutdown, or natural disaster at Pune could eliminate 60% of global vaccine supply overnight.
PMC / Vaccines ↗Capacity2023
Serum Institute of India licensed and is now the sole large-scale manufacturer of R21/Matrix-M — the Oxford/Jenner Institute malaria vaccine that was WHO-approved in October 2023. R21 achieved 75% efficacy in Phase 3 trials, the first malaria vaccine to hit WHO's 75% efficacy target. SII has committed to producing 100–200 million doses annually at under $5/dose. WHO estimates ~250 million malaria cases per year; R21 could prevent 100,000+ child deaths annually at scale. The bottleneck: Matrix-M adjuvant is produced from Quillaja saponaria tree bark by Novavax in Sweden — a natural product supply chain constraint on malaria vaccine scale-up. SII, an Indian company in Pune, is now the production backbone for the most effective malaria vaccine in human history.
World Health Organization ↗Origin2023
Serum Institute of India was founded in 1966 in Pune by Cyrus Poonawalla, who had the insight to repurpose horse stables into an antivenom production facility — using the same horses kept for his stud farm. The early business was producing antiserum from hyperimmunized horses. SII expanded into human vaccines in the 1970s, focusing on affordable prices for GAVI and UNICEF supply chains that Western vaccine makers were uninterested in serving. By the 2000s SII had become the world's dominant childhood vaccine supplier by dose volume. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed SII's role: when AstraZeneca and Novavax needed manufacturing partners for scale, both turned to SII's Pune campus — which at peak 2021-2022 production was producing 200 million vaccine doses per month.
Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. ↗