§1078–3 Federal consolidation loans

Amendment of Section Pub. L. 119–21, title VIII, § 82001(c)(2)(B), (3),

July 4, 2025, 139 Stat. 340, 341, provided that, effective on

July 1, 2028, this section is amended as follows: (1) in subsection (a)(3)(B)(i)(V)(aa), by striking “for the purposes of obtaining income contingent repayment or income-based repayment” and inserting “for the purposes of qualifying for an income-based repayment plan under section 1087e(q) of this title or section 1098e of this title, as applicable”; (2) in subsection (b)(5), by striking “be repaid either pursuant to income contingent repayment under part D of this title, pursuant to income-based repayment under section 1098e of this title, or pursuant to any other repayment provision under this section” and inserting “be repaid pursuant to an income-based repayment plan under section 1098e of this title or any other repayment provision under this section”; and (3) in subsection (c)— (A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “or by the terms of repayment pursuant to income contingent repayment offered by the Secretary under subsection (b)(5)” and inserting “or by the terms of repayment pursuant to an income-based repayment plan under section 1098e of this title”; and (B) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking “except as required by the terms of repayment pursuant to income contingent repayment offered by the Secretary under subsection (b)(5)” and inserting “except as required by the terms of repayment pursuant to an income-based repayment plan under section 1098e of this title”. See 2025 Amendment notes below.

2025—Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(V)(aa). Pub. L. 119–21, § 82001(c)(2)(B)(i), substituted “for the purposes of qualifying for an income-based repayment plan under section 1087e(q) of this title or section 1098e of this title, as applicable” for “for the purposes of obtaining income contingent repayment or income-based repayment”. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 119–21, § 82001(c)(2)(B)(ii), substituted “be repaid pursuant to an income-based repayment plan under section 1098e of this title or any other repayment provision under this section” for “be repaid either pursuant to income contingent repayment under part D of this subchapter, pursuant to income-based repayment under section 1098e of this title, or pursuant to any other repayment provision under this section”. Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 119–21, § 82001(c)(2)(B)(iii)(I), substituted “or by the terms of repayment pursuant to an income-based repayment plan under section 1098e of this title” for “or by the terms of repayment pursuant to income contingent repayment offered by the Secretary under subsection (b)(5)”. Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 119–21, § 82001(c)(2)(B)(iii)(II), substituted “except as required by the terms of repayment pursuant to an income-based repayment plan under section 1098e of this title” for “except as required by the terms of repayment pursuant to income contingent repayment offered by the Secretary under subsection (b)(5)”. 2022—Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(V)(dd). Pub. L. 117–200 added item (dd). 2010—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 111–152, § 2206(a)(1), inserted “, and first disbursed before

July 1, 2010” after “under this part”. Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 111–152, § 2206(a)(2)(A), inserted “, and before

July 1, 2010” before semicolon. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 111–152, § 2206(a)(2)(B), substituted “If, before

July 1, 2010,” for “In the event that”. Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 111–152, § 2206(a)(3)(A), inserted “and that is disbursed before

July 1, 2010,” after “2006,”. Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 111–152, § 2206(a)(3)(B), inserted “and disbursed before

July 1, 2010,” after “1994,”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–152, § 2206(a)(4), substituted “

June 30, 2010. No loan may be made under this section for which the disbursement is on or after

July 1, 2010.” for “

September 30, 2014.” 2009—Subsec. (a)(4)(E). Pub. L. 111–39, § 402(f)(3)(A), substituted “part E” for “subpart II of part B”. Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–39, § 402(f)(3)(B), in introductory provisions, substituted “subsection (b)(2)” for “subsection (b)(2)(F)” and inserted comma after “graduated”. Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–39, § 402(c)(1), substituted “section 1098e of this title,” for “section 1098e of this title”. Subsec. (d)(3)(D). Pub. L. 111–39, § 402(f)(3)(C), substituted “loan insurance account” for “loan insurance fund”. Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 111–39, § 402(f)(3)(D), substituted “this subsection” for “subsection (a) of this section”. 2008—Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(V)(cc). Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(a), added item (cc). Subsec. (b)(1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(b)(1), added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpar. (F) as (G). Subsec. (b)(4)(E)(i). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(b)(3)(A), substituted “consumer reporting agencies” for “credit bureau organizations”. Subsec. (b)(4)(E)(ii). Pub. L. 110–315, § 432(b)(3)(B), substituted “consumer reporting agencies” for “organizations”. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(c), made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 110–84, § 203(b)(2)(C). See 2007 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(b)(2), substituted “A direct consolidation loan offered under this paragraph” for “Such direct consolidation loan” and inserted after first sentence “In addition, in the event that a borrower chooses to obtain a consolidation loan for the purposes of using the no accrual of interest for active duty service members program offered under section 1087e(o) of this title, the Secretary shall offer a Federal Direct Consolidation loan to any such borrower who applies for participation in such program.” Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(d)(1)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted “income-sensitive, or income-based” for “or income-sensitive” and inserted “or income-based” after “such income-sensitive”. Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(d)(1)(B), inserted “except in the case of an income-based repayment schedule under section 1098e of this title” before “a repayment schedule” in subpar. (A) and added subpar. (C). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(e), substituted “2014” for “2012”. 2007—Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(V). Pub. L. 110–84, § 203(b)(1)(A), amended subcl. (V) generally. Prior to amendment, subcl. (V) read as follows: “an individual may obtain a subsequent consolidation loan under section 1087e(g) of this title only for the purposes of obtaining an income contingent repayment plan, and only if the loan has been submitted to the guaranty agency for default aversion.” Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(V)(aa). Pub. L. 110–84, § 203(b)(2)(A), substituted “income contingent repayment or income-based repayment,” for “an income contingent repayment plan,” and inserted “or if the loan is already in default” before semicolon. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–84, § 203(b)(2)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 110–315, § 425(c), inserted “, pursuant to income-based repayment under section 1098e of this title,” after “part D of this subchapter” in third sentence. Pub. L. 110–84, § 203(b)(2)(B), inserted “or income-based repayment terms” after “income-sensitive repayment terms” in first sentence. Pub. L. 110–84, § 203(b)(1)(B), (C), inserted “or chooses to obtain a consolidation loan for the purposes of using the public service loan forgiveness program offered under section 1087e(m) of this title,” after “from such a lender,” in first sentence and “, except that if a borrower intends to be eligible to use the public service loan forgiveness program under section 1087e(m) of this title, such loan shall be repaid using one of the repayment options described in section 1087e(m)(1)(A) of this title” before period at end of second sentence. 2006—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8009(b)(2), inserted “as determined under section 1078(b)(7)(A) of this title” after “repayment status”. Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8009(a)(1)(A), (B), substituted “under this section or under section 1087e(g) of this title terminates under both sections upon receipt of a consolidation loan under this section or under section 1087e(g) of this title” for “under this section terminates upon receipt of a consolidation loan under this section”. Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(i)(V). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8009(a)(1)(C)–(E), added subcl. (V). Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8009(c), struck out subpar. (C), which read as follows: “(C)(i) A married couple, each of whom has eligible student loans, may be treated as if such couple were an individual borrowing under subparagraphs (A) and (B) if such couple agrees to be held jointly and severally liable for the repayment of a consolidation loan, without regard to the amounts of the respective loan obligations that are to be consolidated, and without regard to any subsequent change that may occur in such couple’s marital status. “(ii) Only one spouse in a married couple applying for a consolidation loan under this subparagraph need meet any of the requirements of subsection (b) of this section, except that each spouse shall— “(I) individually make the initial certification that no other application is pending in accordance with subsection (b)(1)(A) of this section; and “(II) agree to notify the holder concerning any change of address in accordance with subsection (b)(4) of this section.” Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–234, § 7015(a), struck out “and (i) the lender holds an outstanding loan of that borrower which is selected by the borrower for consolidation under this section, except that this clause shall not apply in the case of a borrower with multiple holders of loans under this part, or (ii) the borrower certifies that the borrower has sought and has been unable to obtain a consolidation loan with income-sensitive repayment terms from the holders of the outstanding loans of that borrower (which are so selected for consolidation)” after “loan under this section”. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 109–234, § 7015(c), reenacted heading without change and substituted in text “In the event that a borrower is unable to obtain a consolidation loan from a lender with an agreement under subsection (a)(1), or is unable to obtain a consolidation loan with income-sensitive repayment terms acceptable to the borrower from such a lender, the Secretary shall offer any such borrower who applies for it, a Federal Direct Consolidation loan. Such direct consolidation loan” for “In the event that a borrower is unable to obtain a consolidation loan from a lender with an agreement under subsection (a)(1) of this section, or is unable to obtain a consolidation loan with income-sensitive repayment terms acceptable to the borrower from such a lender, the Secretary shall offer any such borrower who applies for it, a direct consolidation loan. Such direct consolidation loan”. Pub. L. 109–171, § 8009(a)(2), which directed substitution of “In the event that a lender with an agreement under subsection (a)(1) of this section denies a consolidation loan application submitted to the lender by an eligible borrower under this section, or denies an application submitted to the lender by such a borrower for a consolidation loan with income-sensitive repayment terms, the Secretary shall offer any such borrower who applies for it, a Federal Direct Consolidation loan. The Secretary shall offer such a loan to a borrower who has defaulted, for the purpose of resolving the default.” for first sentence, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–234, § 7015(d). See

of 2006 Amendment note below. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–171, § 8004(b)(3), substituted “2012” for “2004”. 2002—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 107–139 amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “Notwithstanding subparagraphs (B) and (C), with respect to any loan made under this section for which the application is received by an eligible lender on or after

October 1, 1998, and before

July 1, 2003, the applicable interest rate shall be determined under section 1077a(k)(4) of this title.” 1998—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(a), amended heading, added subpars. (A) and (B), and struck out former subpars. (A) and (B) which defined the term “eligible borrower”, provided for termination of individual’s status as an eligible borrower, and provided for counting loans against certain limitations on aggregate indebtedness. Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(b), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: “made under part D of this subchapter, except that loans made under such part shall be eligible student loans only for consolidation loans for which the application is received by an eligible lender during the period beginning on

November 13, 1997, and ending on

October 1, 1998;”. Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(c)(1), inserted “except that this clause shall not apply in the case of a borrower with multiple holders of loans under this part,” after “under this section,”. Subsec. (b)(4)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(c)(2), inserted “during any such period” after “and be paid” in introductory provisions and struck out “, or on or after

October 1, 1998,” before “that consolidated” in subcl. (I) and “and before

October 1, 1998,” before “except that” in subcl. (II). Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(c)(3), inserted before semicolon at end “, except that a lender is not required to consolidate loans described in subparagraph (D) or (E) of subsection (a)(4) or subsection (d)(1)(C)(ii)”. Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(b)(2), amended heading, added subpar. (A), and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “Consolidation loans made under this section shall bear interest at rates determined under subparagraph (B), (C), or (D). For the purposes of payment of special allowances under section 1087–1(b)(2) of this title, the interest rate required by this subsection is the applicable interest rate with respect to a consolidation loan.” Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(d), substituted “

September 30, 2004” for “

September 30, 2002”. Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 105–244, § 420(e), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3). 1997—Subsec. (a)(4)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(b), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpars. (C) and (D) as (D) and (E), respectively. Subsec. (b)(4)(C)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(c)(1), (2), inserted “for which the application is received by an eligible lender before

November 13, 1997, or on or after

October 1, 1998,” after “consolidation loan” and struck out “or” at end. Subsec. (b)(4)(C)(ii)(II), (III). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(c)(3)–(5), added subcl. (II) and redesignated former subcl. (II) as (III) and inserted “or (II)” before semicolon at end. Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(d), added par. (6). Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(e)(1), substituted “subparagraph (B), (C), or (D)” for “subparagraph (B) or (D)”. Subsec. (c)(1)(D). Pub. L. 105–78, § 609(e)(2), added subpar. (D). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–33 substituted “

September 30, 2002.” for “

September 30, 1998.” 1996—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–208 inserted “or the Holding Company of the Student Loan Marketing Association, including any subsidiary of the Holding Company, created pursuant to section 1087–3 of this title” after “Student Loan Marketing Association”. 1994—Subsec. (a)(4)(D). Pub. L. 103–382 added subpar. (D). 1993—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(1), amended heading. Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(c)(33), substituted “defaulted borrower who has made arrangements to repay the obligation on the defaulted loans satisfactory to the holders of the defaulted loans” for “delinquent or defaulted borrower who will reenter repayment through loan consolidation”. See Codification note above. Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(1), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “For the purpose of this section, the term ‘eligible borrower’ means a borrower who, at the time of application for a consolidation loan— “(i) has an outstanding indebtedness on eligible student loans, at the time of application for a consolidation loan, of not less than $7,500; and “(ii) is in repayment status, or in a grace period preceding repayment, or is a delinquent or defaulted borrower who will reenter repayment through loan consolidation.” Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(b)(2), struck out at end “Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to authorize the Secretary to require lenders, holders, or guarantors of consolidated loans to receive, to maintain, or to make reports with respect to preexisting records relating to any eligible student loan (as defined under paragraph (4)) discharged by a borrower in receiving a consolidation loan.” Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(c)(34), struck out before semicolon at end “, except for loans made to parent borrowers under section 1078–2 of this title as in effect prior to

October 17, 1986”. Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(c)(35), substituted “part A” for “part C” before “of title VII of the Public Health Service Act”. Subsec. (b)(1)(A), (E), (F). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(2)(A), inserted “with income-sensitive repayment terms” after “obtain a consolidation loan” in subpar. (A)(ii), added subpar. (E), and redesignated former subpar. (E) as (F). Subsec. (b)(4)(C). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(2)(B), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: “provides that periodic installments of principal need not be paid, but interest shall accrue and be paid by the Secretary, during any period for which the borrower would be eligible for a deferral under section 1078(b)(1)(M) of this title, and that any such period shall not be included in determining the repayment period pursuant to subsection (c)(2) of this section;”. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(2)(C), added par. (5). Subsec. (c)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(3)(A), amended subpars. (B) and (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (B) and (C) read as follows: “(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), a consolidation loan shall bear interest at an annual rate on the unpaid principal balance of the loan which is equal to the weighted average of the interest rates on the loans consolidated, rounded to the nearest whole percent. “(C) A consolidation loan shall bear interest at an annual rate on the unpaid principal balance of the loan equal to not less than 9 percent.” Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(c)(36), inserted period at end of cl. (vi). See Codification note above. Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(3)(B)(i), in introductory provisions substituted “income-sensitive repayment schedules, established by the lender in accordance with the

of the Secretary. Except as required by such income-sensitive repayment schedules, or by the terms of repayment pursuant to income contingent repayment offered by the Secretary under subsection (b)(5), such repayment terms” for “income sensitive repayment schedules. Such repayment terms”, added cl. (i), and redesignated former cls. (i) to (v) as (ii) to (vi), respectively. Subsec. (c)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(3)(B)(ii), (iii), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “Unless a consolidation loan under subparagraph (A)(ii) will be used to discharge at least $5,000 of loans made under this part, such loan shall be repaid in accordance with subparagraph (A)(i).” Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 103–208, § 2(c)(37), inserted “be an amount” before “equal to”. Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4046(a)(3)(C), inserted “except as required by the terms of repayment pursuant to income contingent repayment offered by the Secretary under subsection (b)(5),” before “the lender”. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–66, § 4106(a), added subsec. (f). 1992—Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(a), substituted “Federal consolidation” for “Consolidation” in section catchline. Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(b)(1)(A), substituted “$7,500” for “$5,000”. Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(b)(1)(B), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: “is in repayment status, or in a grace period preceding repayment, and is not delinquent with respect to any required payment on such indebtedness by more than 90 days.” Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(c), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: “An individual’s status as an eligible borrower under this section terminates upon receipt of a consolidation loan under this section except with respect to eligible student loans received after the date of receipt of the consolidation loan. Loans made under this section shall, to the extent used to discharge loans made under this subchapter, be counted against the applicable limitations on aggregate indebtedness contained in section 1075(a)(2), 1078(b)(1)(B), 1078–1(b)(2), and 1087dd(a)(2) of this title. Nothing in this subparagraph shall be interpreted to authorize the Secretary to require lenders, holders, or guarantors of consolidation loans to receive, to maintain, or to make reports with respect to pre-existing records relating to any eligible student loan (as defined under subsection (a)(4) of this section) discharged by a borrower in receiving a consolidation loan.” Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(d), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(b)(2), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “made, insured, or guaranteed under this part, except for loans made to parent borrowers under section 1078–2 of this title, including loans made to parent borrowers under section 1078–2 of this title as in effect prior to

October 17, 1986;”. Subsec. (b)(4)(C). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(e), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: “provides that periodic installments of principal need not be paid, but interest shall accrue and be paid, during any period for which the borrower would be eligible for a deferral under clause (i), (viii), or (ix) of section 1078(b)(1)(M) of this title, and that any such period shall not be included in determining the repayment period pursuant to subsection (c)(2) of this section;”. Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(f), substituted “which shall include” for “which may include” in first sentence, inserted second sentence, and struck out former second sentence which read as follows: “Such repayment terms shall require that if the sum of the consolidation loan and the amount outstanding on other student loans to the individual— “(i) is equal to or greater than $5,000 but less than $7,500, then such consolidation loan shall be repaid in not more than 10 years; “(ii) is equal to or greater than $7,500 but less than $10,000, then such consolidation loan shall be repaid in not more than 12 years; “(iii) is equal to or greater than $10,000 but less than $20,000, then such consolidation loan shall be repaid in not more than 15 years; “(iv) is equal to or greater than $20,000 but less than $45,000, then such consolidation loan shall be repaid in not more than 20 years; or “(v) is equal to or greater than $45,000, then such consolidation loan shall be repaid in not more than 25 years.” Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–408, § 306(a), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e). Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(g), substituted “

September 30, 1998” for “

September 30, 1992”. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–408, § 306(b), which directed the substitution of “1997” for “1992”, could not be executed because “1992” did not appear in text subsequent to the amendment by Pub. L. 102–325, § 419(g). See above. Pub. L. 102–408, § 306(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as subsec. (e). 1987—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 100–50, § 10(s)(1), which directed the amendment of subpar. (C) by substituting “(C), (E), and (J)” for “(C) and (E)”, was executed by substituting the new language for “(C), and (E)”, as the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 100–50, § 10(s)(2), struck out cl. (iii) which read as follows: “is not a parent borrower under section 1078–2 of this title.” Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 100–50, § 10(s)(3), substituted “eligible student loans received” for “loans received under this subchapter”, “under this subchapter” for “under this part”, and “, 1078(b)(1)(B), 1078–1(b)(2), and 1087dd(a)(2) of this title” for “and 1078(b)(1)(B) of this title”, and inserted provision that nothing in subpar. (B) should be interpreted to authorize Secretary to require lenders, holders, or guarantors of consolidation loans to make reports with respect to pre-existing records relating to eligible student loans discharged by a borrower in receiving a consolidation loan. Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 100–50, § 10(s)(4), inserted exception for loans made to parent borrowers under section 1078–2 of this title. Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 100–50, § 10(s)(5), in cl. (i), substituted “subsection (a)(3)” for “subsection (a)(2)” and, in cl. (ii), substituted “all eligible student loans received by the eligible borrower” for “all loans received by the eligible borrower under this subchapter”. Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(v). Pub. L. 100–50, § 10(s)(6), substituted “equal to or greater” for “more” the first time appearing, as the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 100–50, § 10(s)(7), inserted “, but a fee may be payable by the lender to the guaranty agency to cover the costs of increased or extended liability with respect to such loan” before period at end.

of 2006 Amendment Pub. L. 109–234, title VII, § 7015(b),

June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 485, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any loan made under section 428C of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078–3) for which the application is received by an eligible lender on or after the date of enactment of this Act [

June 15, 2006].” Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective

July 1, 2006, except as otherwise provided, see section 8001(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a note under section 1002 of this title.

of 1998 AmendmentAmendment by section 416(b)(2) of Pub. L. 105–244 applicable with respect to any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under this part for which the first disbursement is made on or after Oct. 1, 1998, and before

July 1, 2003, except that such amendment is applicable with respect to any loan made under this section for which application is received by an eligible lender on or after Oct. 1, 1998, and before

July 1, 2003, see section 416(c) of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1077a of this title. Amendment by section 420 of Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

of 1986, Pub. L. 99–498, see section 27 of Pub. L. 100–50, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title. Selection of Student Loan Servicer Pub. L. 115–31, div. H, title III,

May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 549, which provided in part that the Secretary of Education must, no later than

September 30, 2017, allow student loan borrowers who are consolidating Federal student loans to select from any student loan servicer to service their new consolidated student loan, was transferred and is classified as a note under section 1087f of this title. Pending Applicants Pub. L. 105–78, title VI, § 609(f), Nov. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1523, provided that: “The consolidation loans authorized by the