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Colombia

South America · Bogotá · presidential republic

What Colombia means for your money — the prices you pay, the tariffs in motion, and where U.S. policy could change both.

Map showing the location of Colombia

$17.9B

U.S. imports, 2025

+0.1%

change in one year

$19.5B

U.S. exports, 2025

50M

Population

$418.5B

GDP

In your house

What you buy that Colombia makes

America bought $17.9B in goods from Colombia in 2025. Of every $100 of it, here's where the money went.

Crude oil

$4.8B26.6%

Green coffee

green coffee for roasters

$2.6B14.8%

Nonmonetary gold

$1.8B10.1%

Nursery stock, etc.

$1.4B7.7%

Fuel oil

fuel oil

$1.2B6.5%

Fruits, frozen juices

fruit and frozen juices

$738M4.1%

Finished metal shapes

$587M3.3%

Minimum value shipments

$494M2.8%

Other foods

$403M2.3%

Generators, accessories

$339M1.9%

2026 so far (through April): $6.4B in imports. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade in Goods (customs basis).

The other direction

What America sells to Colombia

$19.5B in 2025 — a trade rupture cuts both ways, for American producers as well as American prices.

Petroleum products, other

$2.6B

Corn

$1.8B

Chemicals-organic

$952M

Animal feeds, n.e.c.

$919M

Crude oil

$915M

Plastic materials

$809M

plastics for packaging and goods

Pharmaceutical preparations

$715M

medicines and pharmacy items

Civilian aircraft, engines, equipment, and parts

$649M

Fuel oil

$614M

Where you stand

U.S. tariff posture toward Colombia

No U.S. tariff action singles this country out. Its goods face the universal 10% temporary import surcharge under Section 122 of the Trade Act (which replaced the IEEPA reciprocal baseline in February 2026) plus the sectoral Section 232 duties — steel and aluminum at 50% — that apply to all countries. The Section 122 surcharge is statutorily temporary — scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 (a 150-day cap) unless extended or replaced.

Reciprocal tariff (universal baseline)

10%

The universal 10% floor — a Section 122 import surcharge since February 2026, previously the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — applies to nearly all U.S. imports. This country has no higher assigned rate of its own.

Policy in motion

Tariff status: a moving target

No U.S. tariff action names Colombia. These are the universal measures — applied to every country without a country-specific arrangement — that set its treatment.

  1. 2026-04-06

    Section 232 metals coverage expanded

    In effect

    The April 2026 proclamation strengthening Section 232 actions on aluminum, steel, and copper expanded derivative-product coverage for all countries, keeping the general metals rate at 50%.

    91 FR 18201 →

  2. 2026-02-24

    IEEPA reciprocal tariffs terminated — replaced by 10% Section 122 surcharge

    In effect

    Executive Order 14389 (Ending Certain Tariff Actions) terminated the IEEPA tariff duties — including the EO 14257 reciprocal baseline — effective February 24, 2026. A flat 10% Section 122 temporary import surcharge (Proclamation 11012 of February 20, 2026) replaced them, leaving the universal rate unchanged at 10% on a different statutory basis. Section 122 caps such surcharges at 150 days, so this 10% surcharge is scheduled to lapse on or about July 23, 2026 absent further action (the administration has signaled it could raise the rate toward the 15% statutory maximum).

    91 FR 9437 →

  3. 2025-11-13

    Agricultural products exempted from reciprocal tariffs

    In effect

    Executive Order 14360 of November 14, 2025 removed reciprocal duties from certain agricultural products listed in its annexes (coffee, cocoa, bananas, and other goods the U.S. does not produce in sufficient quantity), retroactive to November 13, 2025 — for all countries subject to the reciprocal tariff.

    90 FR 54091 →

  4. 2025-06-04

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties doubled to 50%

    In effect

    The June 3, 2025 proclamation raised Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum articles and derivatives from 25% to 50% for all countries, effective June 4, 2025.

    90 FR 24199 →

  5. 2025-04-05

    Universal 10% reciprocal baseline takes effect

    In effect

    Executive Order 14257 (signed April 2, 2025) imposed a 10% ad valorem reciprocal duty on imports from all trading partners, effective April 5, 2025. Countries without a higher Annex I rate remain at this baseline.

    Federal Register · 2025-06063 →

  6. 2025-03-12

    Section 232 steel and aluminum duties set at 25% for all countries

    In effect

    Proclamations of February 10, 2025 terminated all country exemptions and quota arrangements and applied 25% Section 232 duties to steel and aluminum imports from every country, effective March 12, 2025.

    90 FR 9817 →
Compare all countries’ tariffs →Your tariff impact →

Reference

The country itself

South America · Geography, people, economy, and government — public-domain data from the CIA World Factbook.

Colombia was one of three countries that emerged after the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830 -- the others are Ecuador and Venezuela. A decades-long conflict among government forces, paramilitaries, and antigovernment insurgent groups heavily funded by the drug trade -- principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) -- escalated during the 1990s. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization in the 2000s, new criminal groups arose that included some former paramilitaries. After four years of formal peace negotiations, the Colombian Government signed a final accord with the FARC in 2016 that called for its members to demobilize, disarm, and reincorporate into society and politics. The accord also committed the Colombian Government to create three new institutions to form a 'comprehensive system for truth, justice, reparation, and non-repetition,' including a truth commission, a special unit to coordinate the search for those who disappeared during the conflict, and a 'Special Jurisdiction for Peace' to administer justice for conflict-related crimes. Despite decades of internal conflict and drug-trade-related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong and independent democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties.

Regional map of Colombia

Geography

Location
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Area
1,138,910 sq km
Climate
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Terrain
flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos)
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
Coastline
3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)
Natural hazards
highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts volcanism: Galeras (4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985, producing lahars (mudflows) that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace

People & society

Population
49,842,298 (2025 est.)
Nationality
Colombian(s)
Ethnic groups
Mestizo and White 87.6%, Afro-Colombian (includes Mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero) 6.8%, Indigenous 4.3%, unspecified 1.4% (2018 est.)
Languages
Spanish (official) 98.9%, indigenous 1%, Portuguese 0.1%; 65 indigenous languages exist (2023 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic 63.6%, Protestant 17.2% (Evangelical 16.7%, Adventist 0.3%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 0.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 0.1%, other 0.3%, believer, 0.2%. agnostic 1%, atheist 1%, none 14.2%, unspecified 1.8% (2023 est.)
Median age
33.1 years (2025 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
74.9 years (2024 est.)
Literacy
95.3% (2024 est.)

Economy

Economic overview
prior to COVID-19, one of the most consistent growth economies; declining poverty; large stimulus package has mitigated economic fallout, but delayed key infrastructure investments; successful inflation management; sound flexible exchange rate regime; domestic economy suffers from lack of trade integration and infrastructure
Industries
textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
Agricultural products
sugarcane, oil palm fruit, milk, rice, plantains, potatoes, bananas, maize, chicken, avocados (2023)
Exports - partners
USA 27%, Panama 9%, India 5%, China 5%, Netherlands 4% (2023)
Imports - partners
USA 26%, China 22%, Brazil 6%, Mexico 5%, Germany 4% (2023)

Government

Government type
presidential republic
Capital
Bogotá
Independence
20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Constitution
several previous; latest promulgated 4 July 1991
Executive branch
President Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (since 7 August 2022)
Legislative branch
Congress (Congreso)

Full reference data

Every field, by section — CIA World Factbook. Open a topic to expand it.

Introduction
Background
Colombia was one of three countries that emerged after the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830 -- the others are Ecuador and Venezuela. A decades-long conflict among government forces, paramilitaries, and antigovernment insurgent groups heavily funded by the drug trade -- principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) -- escalated during the 1990s. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization in the 2000s, new criminal groups arose that included some former paramilitaries. After four years of formal peace negotiations, the Colombian Government signed a final accord with the FARC in 2016 that called for its members to demobilize, disarm, and reincorporate into society and politics. The accord also committed the Colombian Government to create three new institutions to form a 'comprehensive system for truth, justice, reparation, and non-repetition,' including a truth commission, a special unit to coordinate the search for those who disappeared during the conflict, and a 'Special Jurisdiction for Peace' to administer justice for conflict-related crimes. Despite decades of internal conflict and drug-trade-related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong and independent democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties.
Travel Facts
US State Dept Travel Advisory
The US Department of State currently recommends US citizens Reconsider Travel due to crime and terrorism. Exercise increased caution due to civil unrest and kidnapping. Some areas have increased risk. Consult its website via the link below for updates to travel advisories and statements on safety, security, local laws, and special circumstances in this country. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html
Passport/Visa Requirements
US citizens should make sure their passport will not expire for at least 6 months after they enter the country even if they do not intend to stay that long. They should also make sure they have at least 1 blank page in their passport for any entry stamp that will be required. A visa is not required as long as you do not stay in the country more than 89 days.
US Embassy/Consulate
[57] (1) 275-2000; US Embassy in Bogota, Carrera 45 No. 24B-27 Bogotá, D.C. Colombia; https://co.usembassy.gov/; ACSBogota@state.gov
Telephone Code
57
Local Emergency Phone
119
Vaccinations
An International Certificate of Vaccination for yellow fever is required for travelers arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever transmission and for travelers having transited through the airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. See WHO recommendations. http://www.who.int/
Climate
Tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Currency (Code)
Pesos (COP)
Electricity/Voltage/Plug Type(s)
110 V / 60 Hz / plug types(s): A, B
Major Languages
Spanish
Major Religions
Roman Catholic 79%, Protestant 14%
Time Difference
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Potable Water
Opt for bottled water
International Driving Permit
Suggested; additionally, if you plan to drive in Colombia, you will need an Inter-American Driving Permit issued by the AAA
Road Driving Side
Right
Tourist Destinations
Salt Cathedral; Tayrona National Park; Monserrate; Santuario de Las Lajas; Los Nevados National Park; Cartagena; Cano Cristales; Qhapaq Nan/Andean Road System; San Agustin Archaeological Park; National Archeological Park of Tierradentro
Major Sports
Soccer, boxing, shooting sports, taekwondo, wrestling, tejo (involves throwing a disc at a small target)
Cultural Practices
Roses are well-received gifts in Colombia, but marigolds and lilies are disliked because of their association with funerals.
Tipping Guidelines
A 10% tip is common at restaurants. Taxi drivers are rarely tipped. An appropriate tip for a porter/bellboy is about $1 (USD) per bag. It is also good tipping etiquette to leave a small gratuity of about $1-2 (USD) per day for housekeeping.
Souvenirs
Crocheted mochila bags, handwoven and mola fabric items, leather goods, silver/gold filigree and precious stone jewelry, ceramics, carved wooden statues, musical instruments, Tagua plant carved items, coconut-sourced goods, coffee
Traditional Cuisine
Ajiaco — a soup made with chicken, three varieties of potatoes, and guasca (an herb); typically garnished with capers, avocado slices, corn on the cob, or cream
CIA source last updated
Wednesday, July 20, 2022
Travel resources

Please visit the following links to find further information about your desired destination.

World Health Organization (WHO) - To learn what vaccines and health precautions to take while visiting your destination.

US State Dept Travel Information - Overall information about foreign travel for US citizens.

To obtain an international driving permit (IDP). Only two organizations in the US issue IDPs: American Automobile Association (AAA) and American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA)

How to get help in an emergency? Contact the nearest US embassy or consulate, or call one of these numbers: from the US or Canada - 1-888-407-4747 or from Overseas - +1 202-501-4444

Page last updated: Wednesday, July 20, 2022

Geography
Location
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Geographic coordinates
4 00 N, 72 00 W
Map references
South America
Area - total
1,138,910 sq km
Area - land
1,038,700 sq km
Area - water
100,210 sq km
Area - note
note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank
Area - comparative
slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries - total
6,672 km
Land boundaries - border countries
Brazil 1,790 km; Ecuador 708 km; Panama 339 km; Peru 1,494 km; Venezuela 2,341 km
Coastline
3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)
Maritime claims - territorial sea
12 nm
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone
200 nm
Maritime claims - continental shelf
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Terrain
flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos)
Elevation - highest point
Pico Cristobal Colon 5,730 m
Elevation - lowest point
Pacific Ocean 0 m
Elevation - mean elevation
593 m
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
Land use - agricultural land
36.5% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 32% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
53.8% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
9.7% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
6,506 sq km (2013)
Major rivers (by length in km)
Rio Negro river source (shared with Venezuela and Brazil [m]) - 2,250 km; Orinoco (shared with Venezuela [s]) - 2,101 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km) - Atlantic Ocean drainage
Amazon (6,145,186 sq km), Orinoco (953,675 sq km)
Major aquifers
Amazon Basin
Population distribution
the majority of people live in the north and west, where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which make up approximately 60% of the country, are sparsely populated
Natural hazards
highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts volcanism: Galeras (4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985, producing lahars (mudflows) that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace
Geography - note
only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea
People and Society
Population - total
49,842,298 (2025 est.)
Population - male
24,320,959
Population - female
25,521,339
Nationality - noun
Colombian(s)
Nationality - adjective
Colombian
Ethnic groups
Mestizo and White 87.6%, Afro-Colombian (includes Mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero) 6.8%, Indigenous 4.3%, unspecified 1.4% (2018 est.)
Languages - Languages
Spanish (official) 98.9%, indigenous 1%, Portuguese 0.1%; 65 indigenous languages exist (2023 est.)
Languages - major-language sample(s)
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 63.6%, Protestant 17.2% (Evangelical 16.7%, Adventist 0.3%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 0.6%, Church of Jesus Christ 0.1%, other 0.3%, believer, 0.2%. agnostic 1%, atheist 1%, none 14.2%, unspecified 1.8% (2023 est.)
Age structure - 0-14 years
22.3% (male 5,643,995/female 5,394,147)
Age structure - 15-64 years
66.5% (male 16,127,377/female 16,859,161)
Age structure - 65 years and over
11.2% (2024 est.) (male 2,434,999/female 3,128,678)
Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio
50.7 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio
33.2 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio
17.5 (2025 est.)
Dependency ratios - potential support ratio
5.7 (2025 est.)
Median age - total
33.1 years (2025 est.)
Median age - male
31.5 years
Median age - female
34 years
Population growth rate
0.54% (2025 est.)
Birth rate
14.73 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate
6.96 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Net migration rate
-2.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Population distribution
the majority of people live in the north and west, where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which make up approximately 60% of the country, are sparsely populated
Urbanization - urban population
82.4% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Major urban areas - population
11.508 million BOGOTA (capital), 4.102 million Medellin, 2.864 million Cali, 2.349 million Barranquilla, 1.381 million Bucaramanga, 1.088 million Cartagena (2023)
Sex ratio - at birth
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 0-14 years
1.05 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 15-64 years
0.96 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - 65 years and over
0.78 male(s)/female
Sex ratio - total population
0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
21.7 years (2015 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth - note
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Maternal mortality ratio
59 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate - total
11.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
Infant mortality rate - male
13.1 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate - female
10.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth - total population
74.9 years (2024 est.)
Life expectancy at birth - male
71.3 years
Life expectancy at birth - female
78.7 years
Total fertility rate
1.94 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Gross reproduction rate
0.94 (2025 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: urban
urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: rural
rural: 86.7% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - improved: total
total: 97.5% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: urban
urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: rural
rural: 13.3% of population (2022 est.)
Drinking water source - unimproved: total
total: 2.5% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of GDP)
9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure - Health expenditure (as % of national budget)
15.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
2.54 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Hospital bed density
1.7 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: urban
urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: rural
rural: 88.2% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - improved: total
total: 97% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: urban
urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: rural
rural: 11.8% of population (2022 est.)
Sanitation facility access - unimproved: total
total: 3% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.3% (2016)
Alcohol consumption per capita - total
4.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - beer
3.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - wine
0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - spirits
0.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Alcohol consumption per capita - other alcohols
0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use - total
7.6% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - male
11.2% (2025 est.)
Tobacco use - female
4.1% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
3.7% (2016 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
50.9% (2018 est.)
Child marriage - women married by age 15
4.9% (2015)
Child marriage - women married by age 18
23.4% (2015)
Child marriage - men married by age 18
6.7% (2015)
Education expenditure
5.3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Literacy - total population
95.3% (2024 est.)
Literacy - male
95% (2024 est.)
Literacy - female
95.7% (2024 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total
14 years (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male
14 years (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female
15 years (2022 est.)
Government
Country name - conventional long form
Republic of Colombia
Country name - conventional short form
Colombia
Country name - local long form
República de Colombia
Country name - local short form
Colombia
Country name - etymology
named after explorer Christopher COLUMBUS
Government type
presidential republic
Capital - name
Bogotá
Capital - geographic coordinates
4 36 N, 74 05 W
Capital - time difference
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Capital - etymology
originally named Santa Fe de Bacatá in 1538, after the Chibcha people's nearby settlement of Bacatá; the name was later corrupted to Bogotá
Administrative divisions
32 departments ( departamentos , singular - departamento ) and 1 capital district* ( distrito capital ); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlántico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Archipiélago de San Andres, Providencia y Santa Catalina (colloquially San Andres y Providencia), Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada
Legal system
civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes
Constitution - history
several previous; latest promulgated 4 July 1991
Constitution - amendment process
proposed by the government, by Congress, by a constituent assembly, or by public petition; passage requires a majority vote by Congress in each of two consecutive sessions; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on citizen rights, guarantees, and duties also require approval in a referendum by over one half of voters and participation of over one fourth of citizens registered to vote
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship - citizenship by birth
no
Citizenship - citizenship by descent only
least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Colombia
Citizenship - dual citizenship recognized
yes
Citizenship - residency requirement for naturalization
5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch - chief of state
President Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (since 7 August 2022)
Executive branch - head of government
President Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (since 7 August 2022)
Executive branch - cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
Executive branch - election/appointment process
president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single 4-year term
Executive branch - most recent election date
29 May 2022, with a runoff held on 19 June 2022
Executive branch - election results
2022: Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (PHxC) 40.3%, Rodolfo HERNÁNDEZ Suárez (LIGA) 28.2%, Federico GUTIÉRREZ Zuluaga (Team for Colombia / CREEMOS) 23.9%, other 7.6%; percent of vote in second round - Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego 50.4%, Rodolfo HERNÁNDEZ Suarez 47.3%, blank 2.3% 2018: Iván DUQUE Márquez elected president in second round; percent of vote - Iván DUQUE Márquez (CD) 54%, Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (Humane Colombia) 41.8%, other/blank/invalid 4.2%
Executive branch - expected date of next election
31 May 2026
Executive branch - note
note 1: the president is both chief of state and head of government note 2: reforms in 2015 eliminated presidential reelection
Legislative branch - legislature name
Congress (Congreso)
Legislative branch - legislative structure
bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber - chamber name
House of Representatives (Cámara de Representantes)
Legislative branch - lower chamber - number of seats
187 (all directly elected)
Legislative branch - lower chamber - electoral system
proportional representation
Legislative branch - lower chamber - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - lower chamber - term in office
4 years
Legislative branch - lower chamber - most recent election date
3/13/2022
Legislative branch - lower chamber - parties elected and seats per party
Liberal Party (PL) (32); Historic Pact (27); Conservative Party (CP) (25); Democratic Centre (CD) (16); Radical Change (CR) (16); Union Party for the People “Partido de la U” (15); Green Alliance - Hope Centre coalition (11); Other (14)
Legislative branch - lower chamber - percentage of women in chamber
29.4%
Legislative branch - lower chamber - expected date of next election
March 2026
Legislative branch - upper chamber - chamber name
Senate (Senado de la República)
Legislative branch - upper chamber - number of seats
108 (all directly elected)
Legislative branch - upper chamber - electoral system
proportional representation
Legislative branch - upper chamber - scope of elections
full renewal
Legislative branch - upper chamber - term in office
4 years
Legislative branch - upper chamber - most recent election date
3/13/2022
Legislative branch - upper chamber - parties elected and seats per party
Historic Pact (20); Conservative Party (CP) (15); Liberal Party (PL) (14); Green Alliance - Hope Centre coalition (13); Democratic Centre (CD) (13); Radical Change (CR) (11); Union Party for the People “Partido de la U” (10); Other (4)
Legislative branch - upper chamber - percentage of women in chamber
31.4%
Legislative branch - upper chamber - expected date of next election
March 2026
Judicial branch - highest court(s)
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of the Civil-Agrarian and Labor Chambers each with 7 judges, and the Penal Chamber with 9 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 magistrates); Council of State (consists of 27 judges); Superior Judiciary Council (consists of 13 magistrates)
Judicial branch - judge selection and term of office
Supreme Court judges appointed by the Supreme Court members from candidates submitted by the Superior Judiciary Council; judges elected for individual 8-year terms; Constitutional Court magistrates - nominated by the president, by the Supreme Court, and elected by the Senate; judges elected for individual 8-year terms; Council of State members appointed by the State Council plenary from lists nominated by the Superior Judiciary Council
Judicial branch - subordinate courts
Superior Tribunals (appellate courts for each of the judicial districts); regional courts; civil municipal courts; Superior Military Tribunal; first instance administrative courts
Political parties
Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA Citizens Option (Opcion Ciudadana) or OC (formerly known as the National Integration Party or PIN) The Commons (formerly People's Alternative Revolutionary Force or FARC) Conservative Party or PC Democratic Center Party or CD Fair and Free Colombia (Colombia Justa Libres) Green Alliance Historic Pact for Colombia or PHxC (coalition composed of several left-leaning political parties and social movements) Humane Colombia Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation or MIRA League of Anti-Corruption Rulers or LIGA Liberal Party or PL People's Alternative Revolutionary Force or FARC Radical Change or CR Team for Colombia - also known as the Experience Coalition or Coalition of the Regions (coalition composed of center-right and right-wing parties) Union Party for the People or U Party We Believe Colombia or CREEMOS
Political parties - note
note: Colombia has numerous smaller political parties and movements
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission
Ambassador Daniel GARCíA-PEñA JARAMILLO (since 18 September 2024)
Diplomatic representation in the US - chancery
1724 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
Diplomatic representation in the US - telephone
[1] (202) 387-8338
Diplomatic representation in the US - FAX
[1] (202) 232-8643
Diplomatic representation in the US - email address and website
eestadosunidos@cancilleria.gov.co https://www.colombiaemb.org/
Diplomatic representation in the US - consulate(s) general
Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Newark (NJ), Orlando, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires John McNAMARA (since 1 February 2025)
Diplomatic representation from the US - embassy
Carrera 45, No. 24B-27, Bogota
Diplomatic representation from the US - mailing address
3030 Bogota Place, Washington DC 20521-3030
Diplomatic representation from the US - telephone
[57] (601) 275-2000
Diplomatic representation from the US - FAX
[57] (601) 275-4600
Diplomatic representation from the US - email address and website
ACSBogota@state.gov https://co.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACS, BCIE, BIS, CABEI, CAN, Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
20 July 1810 (from Spain)
National holiday
Independence Day, 20 July (1810)
Flag
description: three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red meaning: various interpretations of the colors exist; one has yellow for the gold in Colombia's land, blue for the sea, and red for the blood spilled in attaining freedom; another describes them as representing sovereignty and justice (yellow), loyalty and vigilance (blue), and valor and generosity (red); another has the colors standing for liberty, equality, and fraternity
Flag - note
note: similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is wider and has the Ecuadorian coat of arms in the center
National symbol(s)
Andean condor
National color(s)
yellow, blue, red
National anthem(s) - title
"Himno Nacional de la Republica de Colombia" (National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia)
National anthem(s) - lyrics/music
Rafael NUNEZ/Oreste SINDICI
National anthem(s) - history
adopted 1920; the anthem comes from an inspirational poem written by President Rafael NUNEZ; the anthem always starts with the chorus
National heritage - total World Heritage Sites
9 (6 cultural, 2 natural, 1 mixed)
National heritage - selected World Heritage Site locales
Chiribiquete National Park (m); Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia (c); Historic Center of Santa Cruz de Mompox (c); Los Katíos National Park (n); Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (n); Tierradentro National Archeological Park (c); San Agustín Archaeological Park (c); Colonial Cartagena (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c)
Economy
Economic overview
prior to COVID-19, one of the most consistent growth economies; declining poverty; large stimulus package has mitigated economic fallout, but delayed key infrastructure investments; successful inflation management; sound flexible exchange rate regime; domestic economy suffers from lack of trade integration and infrastructure
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024
$978.592 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023
$961.82 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022
$955.016 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2024
1.7% (2024 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2023
0.7% (2023 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - Real GDP growth rate 2022
7.3% (2022 est.)
Real GDP growth rate - note
note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2024
$18,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2023
$18,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita - Real GDP per capita 2022
$18,500 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita - note
note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$418.542 billion (2024 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate) - note
note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024
6.6% (2024 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023
11.7% (2023 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022
10.2% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - note
note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture
9.3% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry
23.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services
58.2% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption
73.1% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption
14.7% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital
16.5% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories
0.6% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services
16% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services
-20.9% (2024 est.)
GDP - composition, by end use - note
note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
sugarcane, oil palm fruit, milk, rice, plantains, potatoes, bananas, maize, chicken, avocados (2023)
Agricultural products - note
note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
Industrial production growth rate
-1.3% (2024 est.)
Industrial production growth rate - note
note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
26.822 million (2024 est.)
Labor force - note
note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2024
9.7% (2024 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2023
9.6% (2023 est.)
Unemployment rate - Unemployment rate 2022
10.6% (2022 est.)
Unemployment rate - note
note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - total
19.8% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - male
16.5% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - female
24.3% (2024 est.)
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) - note
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
33% (2023 est.)
Population below poverty line - note
note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023
53.9 (2023 est.)
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - note
note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Average household expenditures - on food
20.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Average household expenditures - on alcohol and tobacco
3.6% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%
1.1% (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10%
42.7% (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - note
note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances - Remittances 2024
2.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2023
2.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances - Remittances 2022
2.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances - note
note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget - revenues
$116.49 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - expenditures
$123.966 billion (2023 est.)
Budget - note
note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt - Public debt 2023
71.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Public debt - note
note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
17.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
Taxes and other revenues - note
note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance - Current account balance 2024
-$7.412 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2023
-$8.285 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance - Current account balance 2022
-$20.879 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance - note
note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports - Exports 2024
$68.866 billion (2024 est.)
Exports - Exports 2023
$68.674 billion (2023 est.)
Exports - Exports 2022
$73.514 billion (2022 est.)
Exports - note
note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
USA 27%, Panama 9%, India 5%, China 5%, Netherlands 4% (2023)
Exports - partners - note
note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, coal, gold, coffee, refined petroleum (2023)
Exports - commodities - note
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - Imports 2024
$78.633 billion (2024 est.)
Imports - Imports 2023
$76.449 billion (2023 est.)
Imports - Imports 2022
$89.608 billion (2022 est.)
Imports - note
note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
USA 26%, China 22%, Brazil 6%, Mexico 5%, Germany 4% (2023)
Imports - partners - note
note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, aircraft, packaged medicine (2023)
Imports - commodities - note
note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024
$61.898 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023
$59.041 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022
$56.704 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold - note
note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external - Debt - external 2023
$108.027 billion (2023 est.)
Debt - external - note
note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates - Currency
Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar -
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2024
4,074.434 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2023
4,325.955 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2022
4,256.194 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2021
3,744.244 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates - Exchange rates 2020
3,693.276 (2020 est.)
Energy
Electricity access - electrification - total population
100% (2022 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity
21.053 million kW (2023 est.)
Electricity - consumption
82.309 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - exports
1.293 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - imports
407.788 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity - transmission/distribution losses
7.232 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - fossil fuels
34% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - solar
1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - wind
0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - hydroelectricity
62.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources - biomass and waste
2.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal - production
52.376 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - consumption
9.72 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - exports
46.425 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - imports
1,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Coal - proven reserves
4.554 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum - total petroleum production
800,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Petroleum - refined petroleum consumption
374,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Petroleum - crude oil estimated reserves
2.036 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas - production
10.927 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
11.885 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - imports
958.724 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Natural gas - proven reserves
87.782 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita - Total energy consumption per capita 2023
29.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Communications
Telephones - fixed lines - total subscriptions
6.32 million (2024 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
12 (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - total subscriptions
92.1 million (2024 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
174 (2024 est.)
Broadcast media
combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media provide service; more than 500 radio stations and many national, regional, and local TV stations (2019)
Internet country code
.co
Internet users - percent of population
77% (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - total
8.91 million (2023 est.)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions - subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
17 (2023 est.)
Transportation
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HJ, HK
Airports
661 (2025)
Heliports
57 (2025)
Railways - total
2,141 km (2019)
Railways - standard gauge
150 km (2019) 1.435-m gauge
Railways - narrow gauge
1,991 km (2019) 0.914-m gauge
Merchant marine - total
153 (2023)
Merchant marine - by type
general cargo 28, oil tanker 13, other 112
Ports - total ports
14 (2024)
Ports - large
0
Ports - medium
2
Ports - small
8
Ports - very small
3
Ports - size unknown
1
Ports - ports with oil terminals
10
Ports - key ports
Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Covenas, El Bosque, Mamonal, Pozos Colorados, Puerto Bolivar, Puerto Prodeco, Santa Marta
Military and Security
Military and security forces
Military Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Militares de Colombia ) : National Army (Ejercito Nacional), Colombian Aerospace Force (Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana, FAC), Colombian Navy (Armada de Colombia; includes Coast Guard); National Police of Colombia (Policia Nacional de Colombia, PNC) (2025)
Military and security forces - note
note: the PNC is a civilian force under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2024
3.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2023
3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2022
3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2021
3.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military expenditures - Military Expenditures 2020
3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 260,000 active Military Forces; approximately 150,000 National Police (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and imported armaments from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, Canada, Germany, Israel, South Korea, and the US; Colombia's defense industry is active in producing air, land, and naval platforms (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18-24 years of age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military (and police) service; conscript service obligation is 18 months or 12 months for those with a college degree; conscripted soldiers reportedly include regular soldiers (conscripts without a high school degree), drafted high school graduates (bachilleres), and rural (campesino) soldiers who serve in their home regions (2025)
Military service age and obligation - note
note: women comprised a little more than 3% of the active military in 2024
Military deployments
275 Egypt (MFO) (2025)
Military - note
the Colombian military is responsible for defending and maintaining the country’s independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity but also has a considerable internal security role, which includes protecting the civilian population, as well as private and state-owned assets, and ensuring a secure environment; the military’s primary focus is the conduct of counterinsurgency and counter-narcotics operations against domestic illegal armed groups, including drug traffickers, several factions of the former Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) terrorist group, and the insurgent/terrorist group National Liberation Army (ELN) border security is also a focus, particularly with Venezuela where economic and political instability has brought refugees and attracted narcotics trafficking and other cross-border crime; both the ELN and FARC dissidents operate openly in the border region; ELN and FARC insurgents have also used neighboring Ecuador to rest, resupply, and shelter Colombia has close security ties with the US, including joint training, military assistance, and designation in 2022 as a Major Non-NATO Ally, which provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense, trade, and security cooperation; it also has close security ties with regional neighbors, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru; Colombian military and security forces have training programs with their counterparts from a variety of countries, mostly those from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean (2025)
Terrorism
Terrorist group(s)
National Liberation Army (ELN); Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army (FARC-EP); Segunda Marquetalia (SM); Tren de Aragua (TdA)
Terrorist group(s) - note
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transnational Issues
Refugees and internally displaced persons - refugees
30,611 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - IDPs
7,264,767 (2024 est.)
Refugees and internally displaced persons - stateless persons
5 (2024 est.)
Illicit drugs - USG identification
major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation from timber exploitation in the Amazon and the Chocó region; soil erosion; soil and water pollution from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions
International environmental agreements - party to
Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
International environmental agreements - signed, but not ratified
Law of the Sea
Climate
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Land use - agricultural land
36.5% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: arable land
arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent crops
permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)
Land use - agricultural land: permanent pasture
permanent pasture: 32% (2023 est.)
Land use - forest
53.8% (2023 est.)
Land use - other
9.7% (2023 est.)
Urbanization - urban population
82.4% of total population (2023)
Urbanization - rate of urbanization
1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - total emissions
85.878 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from coal and metallurgical coke
15.463 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from petroleum and other liquids
49.727 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions - from consumed natural gas
20.688 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
13.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Methane emissions - energy
814.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)
Methane emissions - agriculture
1,791.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Methane emissions - waste
600.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Methane emissions - other
18.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling - municipal solid waste generated annually
12.15 million tons (2024 est.)
Waste and recycling - percent of municipal solid waste recycled
28.5% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal - municipal
3.405 billion cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - industrial
1.033 billion cubic meters (2022)
Total water withdrawal - agricultural
20.46 billion cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
2.36 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Space
Space agency/agencies
Colombian Space Commission (Comision Colombiana Del Espacio, CCE; established 2006) (2025)
Space agency/agencies - note
note 1: the Colombian military has an Air and Space Operations Command note 2: the Colombian Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Del Colombia, AEC) is a private, non-profit agency established in 2017
Space program overview
has a small program focused on acquiring satellites, particularly remote sensing (RS) satellites; operates satellites and produces nanosatellites; researches other space technologies, including astronautics, satellite navigation, and telecommunications; works with a variety of foreign space agencies or commercial space industries, including those of Denmark, India, Russia, Sweden, the US, and some members of the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (2025)
Key space-program milestones
2007 - first domestically produced technology-demonstration/remote-sensing (RS) nanosatellite (Libertad I) launched by Russia 2014 - second experimental RS nanosatellite (UAPSAT) launched by US 2018 - first RS satellite (FACSAT-1) for military use purchased from Denmark and launched by India 2022 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration 2023 - second RS satellite (FACSAT-2 or Chibiriquete) launched by US
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